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Practice test for A&P 227 Exam 6 - North Idaho College

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Mary Roth
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227 A&P Exam 6

Question 1 of 50

1

__________ brace and anchor neurons to capillaries

Select one of the following:

  • microglia

  • astrocytes

  • ependymal

  • schwann

  • satellite

Explanation

Question 2 of 50

1

Choose the correct phrase

Select one of the following:

  • nerves are found in the PNS

  • tracts are almost entirely in the PNS

  • cranial nerves are found within the brain

  • gray matter is only in the cerebral cortex

  • white matter is only found in the brain

Explanation

Question 3 of 50

1

Choose the correct phrase about sensory neurons

Select one of the following:

  • the action potential of the central process flows toward the cell body

  • the peripheral process is closest to the CNS

  • the receptive endings are found on the peripheral process

  • most sensory neurons are bipolar

  • the cell body is wrapped by Schwann cells

Explanation

Question 4 of 50

1

Scenario: a neuron is being measured at -20mV and the voltage is increasing. Which is true?

Select one of the following:

  • potassium gates must be closed

  • it now requires a larger than normal graded potential to cause an action potential

  • a state of hyperpolarization exists

  • the cell would fire an action potential less easily

  • opening the potassium gates would depolarize the cell

Explanation

Question 5 of 50

1

Which is an all-or-none events?

Select one of the following:

  • receptor potentials

  • excitatory postsynaptic potentials

  • inhibitory postsynaptic potentials

  • action potentials

  • all but one of these is graded

Explanation

Question 6 of 50

1

Which is true?

Select one of the following:

  • sodium gates open at +30 mV

  • potassium gates close at +30 mV

  • 100 mV is required to open axonal calcium gates

  • opening sodium gates hyperpolarizes a neuron

  • potassium gates close to hyperpolarize a neuron

Explanation

Question 7 of 50

1

Which of the following is a positive feedback process?

Select one of the following:

  • receptor potential

  • EPSP

  • IPSP

  • action potential

  • all of these are positive feedback

Explanation

Question 8 of 50

1

Choose the correct phrase

Select one of the following:

  • the conduction velocity of axons is 100 meters per second

  • unmyelinated axons are faster because the myelin is obstructive

  • the action potential is smaller in shorter axons

  • absolute refractory occurs after relative refractory

  • saltatory conduction occurs in unmyelinated axons

Explanation

Question 9 of 50

1

What would happen if we blocked presynaptic calcium gates from opening?

Select one of the following:

  • presynaptic action potentials would never occur

  • presynaptic chemically sensitive gates would never open

  • postsynaptic potentials would not occur

  • the postsynaptic axon hillock would experience 5 mV stimulus

  • AChEase would not be able to keep up with the excess ACh

Explanation

Question 10 of 50

1

Choose the correct phrase about REM

Select one of the following:

  • also called slow wave sleep

  • occurs after slow wave sleep has been achieved

  • most nightmares occur during this phase of sleep

  • oxygen consumption is slightly less than in NREM

  • occurs between stages 2 and 3 of NREM

Explanation

Question 11 of 50

1

Parkinsonism is the result of a problem in the

Select one of the following:

  • medulla

  • cerebellum

  • diencephalon

  • midbrain

  • spinal cord

Explanation

Question 12 of 50

1

Important control centers for cardiac, respiration and blood pressure function are located in the

Select one of the following:

  • medulla oblongata

  • thalamus

  • pons

  • cerebellum

  • midbrain

Explanation

Question 13 of 50

1

Where do we find the superior colliculi?

Select one of the following:

  • brain stem

  • medulla

  • pons

  • diencephalon

  • thalamus

Explanation

Question 14 of 50

1

The limbic system is associated with

Select one of the following:

  • controlling heart rate

  • emotions

  • precise motor activity

  • maintaining consciousness

  • relaying sensory impulses to the sensory map

Explanation

Question 15 of 50

1

Which structure controls sleep/wake cycles?

Select one of the following:

  • epithalamus

  • brain stem

  • hypothalamus

  • pituitary gland

  • substantia nigra

Explanation

Question 16 of 50

1

The axonal connections between gyri of opposite hemispheres are called

Select one of the following:

  • commissural

  • interventricular

  • projection

  • association

  • ascending and descending

Explanation

Question 17 of 50

1

Scenario: a person had a stroke affecting the left prefrontal cortex. As a result

Select one of the following:

  • sensations will not be felt on the left side of the body

  • sensations will not be felt on the right side of the body

  • problems moving left side effectors will occur

  • the person cannot hear from their right ear or see to their left

  • there may be problem with complex learning and intellect

Explanation

Question 18 of 50

1

Which is true about Broca's area?

Select one of the following:

  • is the main motor relay center

  • controls the substantia nigra

  • relays auditory reflexes

  • is also called the language area

  • controls some neck muscles

Explanation

Question 19 of 50

1

Choose the correct phrase

Select one of the following:

  • motor impulses are ascending

  • sensory impulses are efferent

  • association neurons typically possess central and peripheral processes

  • sensory cell bodies are located in the CNS

  • some motor cell bodies are located in CNS nuclei

Explanation

Question 20 of 50

1

What happens to pressure in the ventricular system if the cerebral aqueduct is blocked?

Select one of the following:

  • pressure falls in the 3rd ventricle

  • pressure rises in the 4th ventricle

  • no change in pressure

  • pressure rises in the 3rd, but falls in the laterals

  • pressure rises in the laterals

Explanation

Question 21 of 50

1

Which of the following is correct?

Select one of the following:

  • ACh is a neurotransmitter found only in the peripheral nervous system

  • ACh is only classified by structure or function, but not by both

  • biogenic amines are found in most PNS circuits

  • metabotropic neurotransmitters use intracellular second messengers

  • more than one of these is correct

Explanation

Question 22 of 50

1

A __________ is a cluster of cell bodies in the PNS

Select one of the following:

  • nerve

  • pyramidal cell

  • ganglion

  • nucleus

  • tract

Explanation

Question 23 of 50

1

Which of the following is correct about a resting neuron?

Select one of the following:

  • the sodium/potassium pumps are always running

  • potassium constantly leaks into the cell

  • sodium is always leaking out of the cell

  • the calcium pump maintains resting ion levels

  • calcium is found in the SR

Explanation

Question 24 of 50

1

__________ waves are seen when concentrating

Select one of the following:

  • alpha

  • beta

  • theta

  • delta

  • gamma

Explanation

Question 25 of 50

1

Which is a way the numerical value of the resting membrane potential can be expressed?

Select one of the following:

  • the inside of the fiber is 70mV

  • the outside of the fiber is -70mV

  • the inside of the fiber is 70mV more positive than the outside

  • the outside of the fiber is 70mV more positive than the inside

  • none of these conditions is correct

Explanation

Question 26 of 50

1

Which one of the following is true about memory?

Select one of the following:

  • almost unlimited data can be stored in STM

  • Na+ channel blockers helps memory

  • LTM neurons have different mRNA

  • LTM is limited to 7-8 bits of information

  • slight parasympathetic dominance helps memory processes

Explanation

Question 27 of 50

1

The membrane potential of a resting neuron is maintained by

Select one of the following:

  • Na+ gates

  • an active process

  • diffusion

  • passive forces

  • osmosis

Explanation

Question 28 of 50

1

A neurotransmitter that increases postsynaptic permeability to potassium results in

Select one of the following:

  • an EPSP

  • an IPSP

  • stabilization of sodium and potassium levels

  • a refractory period that lasts up to 2 seconds

  • breakdown of the all-or-none principle

Explanation

Question 29 of 50

1

During the absolute refractory period a second action potential can be produced

Select one of the following:

  • when the second stimulus is larger than the threshold

  • when the second stimulus is less than the 20mV

  • if multiple stimuli are given in a short duration

  • under no circumstances

  • if the cell is hyperpolarized

Explanation

Question 30 of 50

1

Which best defines the concept: summation?

Select one of the following:

  • neurotransmitter combines with a receptor on a postsynaptic neuron

  • several IPSPs have just reached threshold level

  • the effect of graded potentials are added together

  • the presynaptic neuron summates all of its vesicles

  • adding the total number of neurons in a specific circuit

Explanation

Question 31 of 50

1

What eventually happens when action potentials reach the axon terminals of an EPSP neuron?

Select one of the following:

  • calcium gates will open in the terminals

  • summation will always result

  • an action potential occurs in the postsynaptic dendrite

  • a single IPSP will always result

  • calcium exocytosis will cause neurotransmitter release

Explanation

Question 32 of 50

1

__________are small oval shaped phagocytes

Select one of the following:

  • astrocytes

  • microglial

  • ependymal

  • satellite cells

  • oligodendrocytes

Explanation

Question 33 of 50

1

Which of the following is most correct?

Select one of the following:

  • the magnitude or size of the action potential is +30 mV

  • all axons send graded potentials to their terminals

  • action potentials must reach the axon hillock in order to start an action potential

  • 20 mV must reach the axon hillock in order to start an action potential

  • it takes 20 mV to cause an action potential in a hyperpolarized cell

Explanation

Question 34 of 50

1

Select the correct statement

Select one of the following:

  • diverging circuits are amplifying circuits

  • converging circuits are common in sensory and motor pathways

  • parallel after discharge circuits are involved in problem solving skills

  • reverbrating circuits are circular pathways

  • all of these are true

Explanation

Question 35 of 50

1

Select the correct statement

Select one of the following:

  • a single neuron can release all types of neurotransmitters

  • gray matter is considered to be a tract

  • unmyelinated neurons are insulated from one another

  • a receptor potential is exactly like an action potential

  • Schwann cells build the endoneurium

Explanation

Question 36 of 50

1

Which is true about presynaptic inhibition?

Select one of the following:

  • increases the graded potential delivered to the postsynaptic cell

  • will reduce the graded potential experienced by the postsynaptic cell

  • increases parasympathetic neurotransmitter release

  • affects the amount of AChEase released

  • works just like a generator potential

Explanation

Question 37 of 50

1

Which is the best way to repolarize a neuron?

Select one of the following:

  • open sodium gates

  • use a sodium/potassium pump

  • open potassium gates

  • open both sodium and potassium gates at the same time

  • open chemically sensitive potassium gates

Explanation

Question 38 of 50

1

Select the correct statement

Select one of the following:

  • chemically sensitive gates are found in synapses

  • chemically sensitive sodium gates are found in axon membrane

  • due to diffusion, sodium wants to flow out of a normal neuron

  • chemically sensitive potassium gates are found in the axonal endings

  • calcium gates are mostly found in the postsynaptic dendrite

Explanation

Question 39 of 50

1

What happens if we reverse the wires on a meter that is measuring resting potential in a neuron?

Select one of the following:

  • the meter remains at -70 mV

  • the meter now reads +70 mV

  • the meter reads zero mV

  • the meter would jump to +30 mV

  • the meter indicates a hyperpolarized state

Explanation

Question 40 of 50

1

Which is true about graded potentials?

Select one of the following:

  • occur on axons and dendrites

  • are sometimes 100 mV in magnitude

  • they are considered all-or-none

  • their magnitude is typically -50 mV

  • could be 15 mV in magnitude

Explanation

Question 41 of 50

1

Choose the correct phrase

Select one of the following:

  • motor impulses are considered ascending

  • association circuits are exclusively in the spinal cord

  • activating glands is an afferent function

  • somatic pathways activate cardiac muscle

  • autonomic impulses control smooth muscle

Explanation

Question 42 of 50

1

Which cell is associated with multiple sclerosis?

Select one of the following:

  • ependymal cells

  • Schwann cells

  • satellite cells

  • astrocytes

  • oligodendrocytes

Explanation

Question 43 of 50

1

Schwann cell membrane tightly wrapped around axons is called __________

Select one of the following:

  • neurilemma

  • node of Ranvier

  • myelin

  • endoneurium

  • perineurium

Explanation

Question 44 of 50

1

Which is true?

Select one of the following:

  • the transverse fissure separates frontal from parietal lobes

  • the central sulcus separates the cerebrum from the cerebellum

  • we discussed only two fissures in the human brain

  • the lateral sulcus divides the cerebrum into two hemispheres

  • there are only two sulci

Explanation

Question 45 of 50

1

Which is true?

Select one of the following:

  • the dominant hemisphere is considered language dominant

  • the left hemisphere is always dominate

  • a person that is right dominant is always ambidexterous

  • art and music appreciation are attributed to the dominant hemisphere

  • logic, math, reasoning skills are associated with the non-dominant hemisphere

Explanation

Question 46 of 50

1

Scenario: a presynaptic neuron summates three 5 mV EPSPs. What happens?

Select one of the following:

  • a 105 mV potential will travel down it's axon

  • axon hillock will send 20 mV to the dendrites

  • 100 mV will reach it's axonal endings

  • the postsynaptic cell will not receive neurotransmitter from it

  • postsynaptic dendrites will propagate an action potential

Explanation

Question 47 of 50

1

Which connects the cerebellum to the brain stem?

Select one of the following:

  • cerebellar peduncles

  • superior colliculi

  • the pons

  • cerebral peduncles

  • medulla oblongata

Explanation

Question 48 of 50

1

Which is true?

Select one of the following:

  • anterograde amnesia is the loss of past memories

  • absence seizures are the most severe form

  • eyes rapidly moving during NREM

  • "consciousness" is the best understood of all neurophysiology

  • tonic-clonic seizures were formerly called grand mal

Explanation

Question 49 of 50

1

Which is the "sensory map" of the body?

Select one of the following:

  • Broca's area

  • primary somatosensory cortex

  • somatosensory association cortex

  • prefrontal cortex

  • the general interpretation area

Explanation

Question 50 of 50

1

What would happen to a cell if you destroyed it's Nissl bodies?

Select one of the following:

  • it's function would be improved

  • protein production would be affected

  • ion gate function would immediately cease

  • ATP level would increase

  • mitochondria would increase activity to make more protein

Explanation

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