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OCR A2 biology.

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Genomes and gene technologies

Question 1 of 26

1

What is a genome?

Select one of the following:

  • It is all of the genes possessed by an individual organisms.This includes the sequence of bases in the entire DNA of an organism.

  • It is the sequencing of an organism.

  • It is a section of the gene possessed by an organism.

  • This is all the genes possessed by all of the organisms in a similar species.

Explanation

Question 2 of 26

1

What are the advantages of genome sequencing?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Shows evolutionary relationships.

  • Shows the effects of mutations.

  • Shows the possibility of a mutation.

  • Shows the alleles for a disease.

  • Shows the importance of bases in DNA.

  • Shows how genes can be manipulated for human benefit.

  • Helps create bio-fortified products.

Explanation

Question 3 of 26

1

'Micro-satellites are long sequences of DNA'.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 4 of 26

1

'BACs stands for Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes which are man-made plasmids'.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 5 of 26

1

Why are computer programmes used in genome sequencing?

Select one of the following:

  • To compare the overlapping regions of DNA.

  • To check the criminals of the world.

  • To compare whether the genes can be bio-fortified.

Explanation

Question 6 of 26

1

What is genetic fingerprinting?

Select one of the following:

  • DNA fragmentation and electrophoresis gives banding patterns unique to individuals.

  • It gives the sequence of DNA.

  • It obtains a particular gene and inserted into a recipient's organism.

  • Comparing genes for the same proteins across a range of organisms.

Explanation

Question 7 of 26

1

What is recombinant DNA?

Select one of the following:

  • It is made by cutting DNA and sticking it together.

  • This occurs by conjugation of bacteria which binds two forms of plasmids.

Explanation

Question 8 of 26

1

'Restriction enzymes restrict the DNA from transcribing mRNA'.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 9 of 26

1

Why is DNA heated in automated sequencing?

Select one of the following:

  • To break the hydrogen bonds (by denaturing them) which gives two polynucleotide chains.

  • To create a number of bases that can be amplified by PCR.

  • To separate the fragments for electrophoresis.

Explanation

Question 10 of 26

1

Why do the DNA fragments in electrophoresis move to the anode (positively charged electrode)?

Select one of the following:

  • This is because they are positively charged and two positive separates them.

  • This is because they are negatively charged and the negative DNA fragments are attracted to the anode.

Explanation

Question 11 of 26

1

Why is buffer solution required in electrophoresis?

Select one of the following:

  • To separate the sections of DNA.

  • To conduct electricity.

Explanation

Question 12 of 26

1

'The longer the fragments, the quicker they move' in electrophoresis.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 13 of 26

1

Primers bind at the complementary regions of DNA and probes bind at the start of DNA.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 14 of 26

1

Annealing is binding of base sequences.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 15 of 26

1

What are sticky ends?

Select one of the following:

  • They are short, unpaired, exposed bases.

  • They are bases that are attached to restriction enzymes.

Explanation

Question 16 of 26

1

The insulin comes from beta cells in the liver.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 17 of 26

1

How is the DNA formed from the insulin gene?

Select one of the following:

  • mRNA is extracted and incubated via reverse transcriptase which makes DNA using RNA.

  • It is completed by conjuration of bacteria formed in fermenters.

  • It is completed by the ligase enzyme.

Explanation

Question 18 of 26

1

Why is the ligase enzyme used to make insulin?

Select one of the following:

  • It combines the insulin DNA and the plasmid from the bacteria (usually E. Coli).

  • Creates the backbone of DNA.

Explanation

Question 19 of 26

1

Golden rice is bio-fortified with vitamin B.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 20 of 26

1

Where is beta carotene extracted from?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Daffodils

  • Bacterium: Erwina uredonma

  • Lillies

  • Wheat

Explanation

Question 21 of 26

1

Xenotransplantation is the transplantation of cells, tissues or organs between animals of different species.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 22 of 26

1

Gene therapy involves replacing a gene that are not functioning.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 23 of 26

1

Somatic gene therapy only affects skin cells.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 24 of 26

1

Genes are passed onto offspring in germ line gene therapy.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 25 of 26

1

What are the ethical effects of microorganisms?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Cross contamination of other microorganisms.

  • Mutations of microorganisms which could lead to resistance.

  • Produce deadly toxins that lay in our food.

Explanation

Question 26 of 26

1

What are the temperatures of PCR that need to be set?

Select one of the following:

  • 95, 55 and 72.

  • 75, 80 and 40.

  • 60, 40 and 81.

  • 110, 80 and 41.

Explanation

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