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Genomes and gene technologies

Description

OCR A2 biology.
Bethany.
Quiz by Bethany., updated more than 1 year ago
Bethany.
Created by Bethany. over 10 years ago
153
8
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Resource summary

Question 1

Question
What is a genome?
Answer
  • It is all of the genes possessed by an individual organisms.This includes the sequence of bases in the entire DNA of an organism.
  • It is the sequencing of an organism.
  • It is a section of the gene possessed by an organism.
  • This is all the genes possessed by all of the organisms in a similar species.

Question 2

Question
What are the advantages of genome sequencing?
Answer
  • Shows evolutionary relationships.
  • Shows the effects of mutations.
  • Shows the possibility of a mutation.
  • Shows the alleles for a disease.
  • Shows the importance of bases in DNA.
  • Shows how genes can be manipulated for human benefit.
  • Helps create bio-fortified products.

Question 3

Question
'Micro-satellites are long sequences of DNA'.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 4

Question
'BACs stands for Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes which are man-made plasmids'.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 5

Question
Why are computer programmes used in genome sequencing?
Answer
  • To compare the overlapping regions of DNA.
  • To check the criminals of the world.
  • To compare whether the genes can be bio-fortified.

Question 6

Question
What is genetic fingerprinting?
Answer
  • DNA fragmentation and electrophoresis gives banding patterns unique to individuals.
  • It gives the sequence of DNA.
  • It obtains a particular gene and inserted into a recipient's organism.
  • Comparing genes for the same proteins across a range of organisms.

Question 7

Question
What is recombinant DNA?
Answer
  • It is made by cutting DNA and sticking it together.
  • This occurs by conjugation of bacteria which binds two forms of plasmids.

Question 8

Question
'Restriction enzymes restrict the DNA from transcribing mRNA'.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 9

Question
Why is DNA heated in automated sequencing?
Answer
  • To break the hydrogen bonds (by denaturing them) which gives two polynucleotide chains.
  • To create a number of bases that can be amplified by PCR.
  • To separate the fragments for electrophoresis.

Question 10

Question
Why do the DNA fragments in electrophoresis move to the anode (positively charged electrode)?
Answer
  • This is because they are positively charged and two positive separates them.
  • This is because they are negatively charged and the negative DNA fragments are attracted to the anode.

Question 11

Question
Why is buffer solution required in electrophoresis?
Answer
  • To separate the sections of DNA.
  • To conduct electricity.

Question 12

Question
'The longer the fragments, the quicker they move' in electrophoresis.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 13

Question
Primers bind at the complementary regions of DNA and probes bind at the start of DNA.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 14

Question
Annealing is binding of base sequences.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 15

Question
What are sticky ends?
Answer
  • They are short, unpaired, exposed bases.
  • They are bases that are attached to restriction enzymes.

Question 16

Question
The insulin comes from beta cells in the liver.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 17

Question
How is the DNA formed from the insulin gene?
Answer
  • mRNA is extracted and incubated via reverse transcriptase which makes DNA using RNA.
  • It is completed by conjuration of bacteria formed in fermenters.
  • It is completed by the ligase enzyme.

Question 18

Question
Why is the ligase enzyme used to make insulin?
Answer
  • It combines the insulin DNA and the plasmid from the bacteria (usually E. Coli).
  • Creates the backbone of DNA.

Question 19

Question
Golden rice is bio-fortified with vitamin B.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 20

Question
Where is beta carotene extracted from?
Answer
  • Daffodils
  • Bacterium: Erwina uredonma
  • Lillies
  • Wheat

Question 21

Question
Xenotransplantation is the transplantation of cells, tissues or organs between animals of different species.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 22

Question
Gene therapy involves replacing a gene that are not functioning.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 23

Question
Somatic gene therapy only affects skin cells.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 24

Question
Genes are passed onto offspring in germ line gene therapy.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 25

Question
What are the ethical effects of microorganisms?
Answer
  • Cross contamination of other microorganisms.
  • Mutations of microorganisms which could lead to resistance.
  • Produce deadly toxins that lay in our food.

Question 26

Question
What are the temperatures of PCR that need to be set?
Answer
  • 95, 55 and 72.
  • 75, 80 and 40.
  • 60, 40 and 81.
  • 110, 80 and 41.
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