What are the differences between Animal and Human Studies?

What are Cross Sectional Studies?

What are Longitudinal Studies?

How can we measure Metabolism?

Metabolites- Blood, Fat, Muscle, Urine. Easy to sample and measure but does not give flux information.

A-V Balance- Gives information about the uptake and release of a tissue through measurement of Arterial blood content and compare with Venous blood content. But the process is invasive and hard to measure accurately.

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance- Changing electron position by using magnetic force, when they return to there original position they emit a signal with specific resonance frequency which is detected by MRS (form of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) It is a non-invasive and can be used to track changes over time but it is very very expensive.

What is the difference between Accurate and Precise Results?

What is Validity? and what types are there?