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Description
Flashcards by Mark Arsenal, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Mark Arsenal
about 11 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What are the differences between Animal and Human Studies? | Animal Studies have high internal validity (can be well controlled) but low external validity. Additionally there cheap. Human studies have high external validity but low internal validity (hard to control) but are expensive. |
| What are Cross Sectional Studies? | Cross Sectional Studies examine differences between groups. |
| What are Longitudinal Studies? | Longitudinal Studies examine adaptations over time. |
| How can we measure Metabolism? | Metabolites, Isotopic Tracers, A-V Balance, Muscle Biopsy, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Immunohistochemistry. |
| Metabolites- Blood, Fat, Muscle, Urine. Easy to sample and measure but does not give flux information. | Isotopic Tracers- Involves the staining of chemically identical molecules to the ones desired to be tested in order to distinguish and analyse desired metabolite. Both stable and radioactive isotopes can be used. Stable isotopes are expensive and need alot, but can be used on all population. Whereas Radioactive Isotopes are cheap and you do not need much, but are radioactive and thus cannot be used on the whole population. |
| A-V Balance- Gives information about the uptake and release of a tissue through measurement of Arterial blood content and compare with Venous blood content. But the process is invasive and hard to measure accurately. | Muscle Biopsy- Process whereby you take 20-100mg of percutaneous muscle giving you direct information about the muscle, however it is invasive. |
| Nuclear Magnetic Resonance- Changing electron position by using magnetic force, when they return to there original position they emit a signal with specific resonance frequency which is detected by MRS (form of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) It is a non-invasive and can be used to track changes over time but it is very very expensive. | Immunohistochemistry- Localizing proteins by exploiting principle of antibody binding specifically to a certain antigen, we use a probe to identify the desired protein, we then use Immunoassays to qualify the amount of the antigen present. |
| What is the difference between Accurate and Precise Results? | Accurate results are how close they are to the target. Precise results are how clustered the results are (The Co-efficient of Variation depicts the scatter) Thus we can accurate and not precise results and vice versa. |
| What is Validity? and what types are there? | Validity is how well the results represent what was intended to be measured. There is both Internal and External Validity. Internal Validity is how well the results are effected by how the study was controlled. External Validity is how well the findings can be generalized to represent the population. |
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