What are the 3 types of parental behavior?

What are primary sexual characteristics?

What are secondary sexual characteristics?

What are the 4 types of monogamy?

What is serial monogamy?

What is lifetime monogamy?

What is social monogamy?

What is sexual monogamy?

Define Polygamy

What are the types of Polygamy?

What is polygeny?

What is polyandry?

What are the two ways in which polygeny occurs?

Describe Male-to-Male Competition

Describe Mate Choice

What are the 4 Genetic Models within the Mate Choice Hypothesis?

Describe the Direct Benefits Model

In the Direct Benefits Model, what are examples of resources that a male can offer a female?

Describe the Good Genes Model

Describe Runaway Selection Model

Describe the Runaway Selection Model

Give an example of Runaway Selection

What are the advantages of the Good Genes model?

Give an example of Sensory Bias Model

What is the general rule in Male-to-Male Competition?

Is the general rule in Male-to-Male competition true in all situations?

Give an example of Polyandry Sexual Behavior

Why do we care about sexual behavior?

What are the components of Male Sexual Behavior?

What could go wrong with Male Sexual Behavior?

What are the two things that could go wrong with libido?

What could go wrong with Performance in Male Sexual Behavior?

Give an example of what could go wrong with courship/pre-mating

How might reproductive problems occur in captivity?

Explain how relaxed natural selection in captivity can be a problem?

What are the effects of low libido (as a result of relaxed natural selection) in captivity?

Explain how unintentional selection in captivity can be a problem?

How can artificial selection for phenotypes that interfere with performance be a problem?

How can inappropriate rearing conditions be problematic?

What are solutions for reproductive problems?

How can you increase libido?

Why is duration & time of isolation in a rearing environment important?

What are consequences of females not being able to choose their mates?

What are benefits from female choice?

What are the 3 types of Polygyny?

Describe Female Defense Polygeny

Give an example of Female Defense Polygeny

Describe Resource Defense Polygyny

Give an example of Resource Defense Polygeny

Describe Male Dominance Polygyny

When does Male Dominance Polygyny occur?

Give an example of Male Dominance Polygyny

Which type of sexual behavior is favored for domestication: Monogamy or Polygamy & why?

What is looked at during a breeding soundness exam?

What is natural cover?

Define Oligotocous

Define Polytocous

Define Altricial

Define Precocial

Give an example of a species that is oligotocous with precocial young

Give an example of a species that is polytocous with precocial young

Give an example of species that is Polytocous with altricial young

Define Parity

Define Nulliparous

Define Primiparous

Define Multiparous

List the components of Maternal Care

Describe "Nesting" behavior

Describe the Sensitive Period

In regards to maternal care, what behavior is acquired during the sensitive periods in pregnant females?

Describe Maternal Responsiveness

Describe Maternal Discrimination

What is Parental Investment?

What are the 2 types of Parental Investment?

Describe Direct Parental Investment

Describe Indirect Parental Investment

How are parental investments viewed from the perspective of the parents?

Describe the Optimal Parental Investment

Describe Maternal Investment

How are maternal investments viewed from the mother's perspective?

Describe Optimal Maternal Investment

What are forms of maternal care?

Describe Prior to Parturition

Describe At Parturition

Give examples of Post-Partum Maternal Care

Give an example of how Maternal Care is costly

When does the Parent-Offspring conflict typically occur?

Define Parasite

Define Offspring

True or False: Offspring make the perfect parasite.

Describe Optimal Maternal Investment

Why does a mother need to terminate maternal care?

What are the steps in the weaning process?

Define Social Organization

List the costs of being social

List the benefits of being social

Describe Social Tolerance

Give an example of social tolerance

What factors are involved in Cooperation?

Describe Social Organization

What are the types of Dominance Hierarchies?

What are characteristics of hierarchies (in general)?

Describe Despotic Hierarchy

Give an example of animals with a Despotic Hierarchy

Describe Linear Hierarchy

Give an example of animals that have a linear hierarchy

What is "Signaling Out of Context"?

Give an example of an animal "signaling out of context"

What are consequences in early weaning of piglets?

What are the benefits for piglets in the farrowing system?

What are characteristics of Dominance Hierarchies?

Why is stability necessary for dominance hierarchies?

What are the pre-requisites for stability within a dominance hierarchy?

Describe how a dominance hierarchy can be complete

What are the benefits of having a complete dominance hierarchy?

What kind of animals are usually found in complete dominance hierarchies?

Describe how a dominance hierarchy can be partial

What are characteristics of Partial Dominance Hierarchies?

How do animals form dominance hierarchies based on gender?

Give an example of a species of animal that forms dominance hierarchies based upon gender

Define Personal Space

What is an agonistic response?

What is personal space dependent upon?

What are responses to encroachment?

Give an example of animals that respond affiliatively to encroachment

Describe hwo a subordinate animal will response agonistically to encroachment if relative inter-individual distance is big.

Describe how a dominant animal will respond agnostically to encroachment if relative inter-individual distance is big.

Describe agonistic responses to encroachment if relative inter-individual distance is small.

What is communication?

What are signals selected for?

Give some examples of communication signals

Define Signal

What is the purpose of communication?

What dos the sender want from the receiver?

In communication, what kind of receivers does natural selection favor?

What does transmission through the environment affect?

What is Signal Fidelity affected by?

What type of environment best enables an animal's signal to propagate?

What are characteristics of signals?

Give an example of a signal that is exaggerated or ritualized.

How do researchers determine the function of signals?

True or False: Signals are selected to convey information.

If signals are not selected to convey information, what are they selected to do?

What kind of signals are evolutionarily favored?

What kind of signals are receivers naturally selected to respond to?

What happens to senders that send useless signals?

Define Cue

Give an example of a cue

Define Eavesdropping

Is eavesdropping considered communication?

When discussing communication, which is important: intention or natural selection?

What is True Communication?

What is the goal of the sender in True Communication?

What is the goal of the receiver in True Communication?

Are animals being altruistic in True Communication?

Define Manipulation/Deceit

Give an example of an animal using Manipulation/Deceit

In Manipulation/Deceit, do receivers always fall for the sender's signals?

Is Manipulation/Deceit considered to be Communication?

Is Manipulation/Deceit considered True Communication?

Define Ritualization

Describe evolution of a cue into a signal

What does Ritualization include?

Give an example of a cue evolving into a signal via the process of ritualization

Which of the following represents Communication:
True Communication
Eavesdropping
Deceit/Manipulation
Spite/Ignoring

What do animals send to one another?

List the levels at which identity can be identified?

How do animals communicate Species ID?

How do animals communicate Group ID?

What are the types of social unit that communicate Group ID?

Give an example of a species of animals that uses signals to identify Group ID

How do animals communicate Individual ID?

Why do animals use signals to communicate Individual ID?

How do animals communicate Location of Sender?

Why do animals use signals to determine location of senders?

Give an example of signals that make location easy to detect

Give an example of signals that make location of sender difficult to determine

Is a parasite always a parasite or a host always a host?

Give the term that describes exchanges of information in which the best decision is dependent upon the context of the situation in which the receiver and sender are in.

Describe Context-Dependent Exchanges

List the 7 basic contexts in which signals are used by receivers to make decisions.

Describe how animals use communication signals to resolve conflict.

Describe the importance of communication and signals in regards to conflict.

When do animals usually engage in fighting?

Give an example of animals communicating conflict.

Describe how animals use communication and signals to determine territoriality.

Is fighting or conflict ever involved during disputes over territoriality?

Give an example of animals using signals to communicate their continued presence in order to maintain territoriality.

Do animals use signals and communication to aid in mate attraction?

Give an example of an animal using signals to aid in mate attraction.

Why do animals use signals to communicate in Parent-Offspring exchanges?

Describe the conflict that occurs between parent and offspring from both the parental perspective & the offspring perspective.

What is it called when animals use signals to maintain the benefits of staying in a group?

Describe why animals use signals for Social Integration.

Give an example of a signal being used to keep a social group together.

Why would an animals use signals to communicate environmental information?

Give an example of animals communicating environmental information to each other.

Describe Auto Communication and why an animal will use it.

Give an example of animals using Auto Communication.

Describe the process of signal use in Auto Communication.

What impacts the form that signals take?

What do you consider when looking at Sender Mechanisms?

What do you consider when looking at Receiver Mechanisms?

True or False: Not all senders could (or should) make all signals.

Why can't all senders make all signals?

What is the overarching principle when considering Sender & Receiver Mechanisms?

Describe how signals reflect evolutionary history & contsraints.

What do signals evolve from?

Do animals create new signals? Why or why not?

Give an example of an animal elaborating a cue into a signal to communicate.

Give another example (other than Intention Movements) of an animals elaborating a cue into a signal to communicate.

Name one other way that forms forms of signals can be affected?

Give an example of how possible signals are limited by the laws of physics?

How do animals use tricks to produce signals that are not limited by the laws of physics?

Give an example of an animal using a resonator to produce signals & explain the limits of that resonator.

What else limits the forms that signals take?

How does the environment limit signal form?

How does Natural Selection govern signal propagation?

Give an example of an animal that uses a signal well-matched for the environment.

True or False: You see a match between the type of signals an animal uses and the effectiveness in propagating that signal through the environment.

What do senders consider when looking at Receiver Mechanisms?

What is the function of a signal? & how does a signal elicit a response from a receiver?

What does Umwelt mean?

What is the concept of Umwelt?

What determines an animal's Umwelt?

Give an example of senders communicating signals that match the Umwelt of the receiver.

How do animals maintain honesty when communicating? How do animals detect liars?

List the types of honest signaling

Describe the concept of Quality Handicap Signals

Give an example of an animal using a Quality Handicap Signal

Describe the concept of Index Signaling

Are Index Signals always costly to senders? How do they prevent cheating?

Give an example of animals using Index Signals.

Describe Proximity Signals

How does animal ensure that its Proximity Signals are effective?

Give an example of animals using Proximity Signals to communicate.