Eva Dutzlr
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Quiz on Atmospheric Pollution, created by Eva Dutzlr on 30/06/2016.

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Eva Dutzlr
Created by Eva Dutzlr almost 8 years ago
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Atmospheric Pollution

Question 1 of 60

1

Which factors contribute to sea Level rise due to climate Change?

Select one of the following:

  • Increased number of floods

  • Rapid melting of artig ice

  • Thermal Expansion and melting of land-bound ice

  • Slow sinking of the continents

  • Enhanced precipitation

Explanation

Question 2 of 60

1

The green house gas effect can be explained by

Select one of the following:

  • Wavelength dependence of absorbtion of Radiation by GHG

  • Ozone depletion in the stratosphere

  • The elliptic path of the earth around the sun

  • Enhanced reflection of Long wave Radiation by GHG

  • Enhanced concentration of dust and carbon monoxide in the atmosphere

Explanation

Question 3 of 60

1

Because Saturation vapour pressure depends on the Surface on which it occurs

Select one of the following:

  • Lifting of air masses leads to condensation

  • Clouds grow rapidly when ice particles are introduced

  • Small Drops grow at the cost of large drops

  • Mixing of warmer and colder air masses can lead to mixing fog

Explanation

Question 4 of 60

1

Airborne radionuclide concentrations are especially relevant for

Select one of the following:

  • Infiltration and Submersion

  • Ingestion and Inhalation

  • Ingestion and Submersion

  • Inhalation and Submersion

  • Exposition and Ingestion

Explanation

Question 5 of 60

1

Occult Deposition is

Select one of the following:

  • An as yet undiscovered deposition

  • Deposition that is not yet fully understood

  • Deposition by fog, dew, etc.

  • Deposition pollutants attached to aerosols

Explanation

Question 6 of 60

1

For the development of the ozone hole in the Antarctic the following are decisive:

Select one of the following:

  • High CFC concentrations an lack of solar radiation

  • High CFC concentrations and temperatures below zero

  • High CFC concentration and climate change

  • Temperatures below -­‐80°C and Little air mass exchange

Explanation

Question 7 of 60

1

The double strategy in Austrian air Pollution policy consists of

Select one of the following:

  • Limiting synergistic pollutants simultaneously

  • Requiring the pollutants and the affected to contribute to Emission reductions

  • Increasing stack heights and Emission standards

  • Limiting Emission according to state-­of-­the­‐art Technology and to stay within air quality

Explanation

Question 8 of 60

1

An end-­of-­pipe measure is e.g.:

Select one of the following:

  • Using more efficient technologies

  • Implementing an Emission trading scheme

  • Filter flue gases

  • Technological improvements in the process

  • Desulfurization of oil

Explanation

Question 9 of 60

1

Present day GHG emissions of the average Austrian are around

Select one of the following:

  • 50 t per year

  • 1 t per year

  • 100 t per year

  • Not quantifiable

  • 10 t per year

Explanation

Question 10 of 60

1

Climate Change does not involve:

Select one of the following:

  • Changes in precipitation

  • Frequency of extreme events

  • More intense earthquakes

  • Melting of polar ice

  • Temperature changes

Explanation

Question 11 of 60

1

Which are not typical effects of mountain Valleys or basins?

Select one of the following:

  • Inducing thermally driven circulations

  • Strong Dispersion of pollutants

  • Development of cold air basins due to Drainage flow

  • Inversions

  • Channelling flow

Explanation

Question 12 of 60

1

Stratospheric ozone concentration

Select one of the following:

  • Is falling in midlatitudes in winter, constant in summer

  • Is falling worldwide

  • Is falling in equatorial regions in winter

  • Is falling in midlatitudes, and strongly falling over Antarcitca

Explanation

Question 13 of 60

1

In climate debate tipping Points are understood to describe

Select one of the following:

  • Points at which the planet becomes uninhabitable

  • Points beyond which positiveFeedback mechanisms can no longer be contained by bhumans

  • Points of time in policy debate when decisive steps are taken

  • Geographical Locations where decisive climate process

Explanation

Question 14 of 60

1

Under clear sky conditions in summer ozone Levels are especially high in bVienna

Select one of the following:

  • On weekdays

  • During traffic peaks

  • On Sundays and holidays

  • On Mondays

  • On Saturdays

  • In the early morning

Explanation

Question 15 of 60

1

What is NOT true of radioactive decay

Select one of the following:

  • Is the only way to deplete Radio nuclei

  • Disappears after 5 half‐life times

  • Depends only on the Radio nuclide

  • Is Independent of external influences

  • Can vary over several orders of magnitude

Explanation

Question 16 of 60

1

Which of the following issues is not a mesoscale Pollution Problem?

Select one of the following:

  • Fine particles (PM)

  • Tropospheric zone

  • Persistent organic compounds (POP)

  • Green house gases

  • Radio active substances

Explanation

Question 17 of 60

1

The IPAT equation or Kaya Identity can be used to explain

Select one of the following:

  • The Impact of population, air Pollution and Technology on environmental degradation

  • The Impact of green house gas emissions on climate

  • The extent to which ecological boundaries have been crossed

  • The Impact of world population, affluence and Technology on green house gas emissions

  • The Impact of Lifestyles on environmental Quality and tipping points

Explanation

Question 18 of 60

1

What was the original Definition of smog?

Select one of the following:

  • A combination of smoke and fog

  • High concentrations of photo chemicals

  • Cigarette smoke

  • High ozone concentrations

Explanation

Question 19 of 60

1

Dispersion models typically consist of 3 modules:

Select one of the following:

  • Transport Module, Immission Module, Impact Module

  • Meteorology Module, Chemistry Module, Deposition Module

  • Emission Module, Transmission Module, Immission Module

  • Meteorology Module, Chemistry Module and Transport Module

  • Meteorology Module, Transport Module, Deposition Module

Explanation

Question 20 of 60

1

Trajectories are an important part of which kind of Dispersion models?

Select one of the following:

  • Gaussian models

  • Diffusions models

  • Langrangian models

  • Richardson models

  • Eulerian models

Explanation

Question 21 of 60

1

Near the earths Surface temperature increases with height

Select one of the following:

  • When wind Speed increases with height

  • When wind Speed is low and the Radiation balances at the Surface is negative

  • Because the distance from sun decreases

  • When atmospheric Radiation exceeds terrestrial radiation

  • When warm air rises from heated surfaces

  • When an Inversion breaks up

Explanation

Question 22 of 60

1

Chronic damage caused by air Pollution can be prevented by

Select one of the following:

  • Standards expressed in high percentiles

  • Limiting Maximum concentration

  • Short term standards, e.g. hourly means

  • Long term standards, e.g. yearly means

Explanation

Question 23 of 60

1

In an idealised valley the following local circulations are to be expected in fair weather on the early afternoon

Select one of the following:

  • only valley wind

  • valley ­and down slope wind

  • valley and up slope wind

  • only down slope wind

  • Mountain and down slope wind

Explanation

Question 24 of 60

1

In order for a Cloud to rain, Cloud droplets must grow

Select one of the following:

  • through coagulation and coalescence with other droplets

  • through freezing and melting

  • and reach a size 100 times that a small Cloud droplet

  • through Transpiration and evaporation

  • through compression and density increase

  • through condensation and diffusion

Explanation

Question 25 of 60

1

Which of the following radiative processes leads to energy conversion?

Select one of the following:

  • Reflexion

  • Absorption

  • Refraction

  • Diffusion

Explanation

Question 26 of 60

1

Concentrations caused at a specific Point by a continuous Point source vary strongly

Select one of the following:

  • in inversions

  • in unstable layers

  • in neutral layers

  • in stable layers under strong wind conditions

  • in isothermal layers near the ground

Explanation

Question 27 of 60

1

The troposphere

Select one of the following:

  • is the bottom layer of the atmosphere in which temperature decreases with height

  • is the lower part of the planetary boundary layer

  • is the lower part of the stratosphere and characterized by temperature increase with height

  • consists of the planetary boundary layer and the turbulent Surface layer

Explanation

Question 28 of 60

1

Boundaries of the global ecological System seem to have been exceeded regarding

Select one of the following:

  • climate change, Nitrogen cycle and phosphorus cycle

  • Nitrogen cycle, phosphorus cycle and biodiversity loss

  • ocean acidification, Nitrogen cycle and biodiversity loss

  • climate change, Nitrogen cycle and biodiversity loss

  • climate change, ocean acidification and biodiversity loss

Explanation

Question 29 of 60

1

The following is NOT correct regarding albedo:

Select one of the following:

  • Averaged over the whole globe, Albedo is about 5%

  • Albedo is higher for snow than for bitumen

  • Albedo is reflectivity averaged over all wave lengths

  • Albedo is the ration of reflected to incoming radiation

  • Albedo increases with the temperature of the reflecting body

Explanation

Question 30 of 60

1

The atmosphere is characterised by

Select one of the following:

  • about 80% nitrogen, 20% Oxygen and 1% Argon content

  • about 0,03 CO2 and 0,05 water vapour content

  • about 80% Oxygen and 20% hydrogen Content near the surface

  • rapid increase of CO2 and decrease of Oxygen concentrations

  • good mixing of gases up to 120km height

Explanation

Question 31 of 60

1

Which of the following does not heat up faster than global average?

Select one of the following:

  • Continents

  • Arctic

  • Alpine region

  • Oceans

Explanation

Question 32 of 60

1

In what latitudes do the highest stratospheric ozone concentrations occur?

Select one of the following:

  • 20°

  • 60°

  • 80°

  • 45°

Explanation

Question 33 of 60

1

The declared aim of the policy of high stacks was to

Select one of the following:

  • Enhance the chimney effect and create higher effective stack heights

  • Make use of higher wind speeds

  • Reduce Maximum immissions on the ground

  • Delay deposition

  • Distribute pollutants over larger areas

Explanation

Question 34 of 60

1

Global temperature increase over the last 150 years is about

Select one of the following:

  • 0,2°C

  • 1,2°C

  • 0,8°C

  • 0,4°C

Explanation

Question 35 of 60

1

What process is not part of Dispersion of pollutants in air?

Select one of the following:

  • Interception

  • Diffusion

  • Decay

  • Deposition

  • Sedimentation

Explanation

Question 36 of 60

1

Clinical studies to determine concentration Limits for humans help to

Select one of the following:

  • Replace Experiments using animals

  • Study exposures under normal conditions

  • Understand systematic dose-­effect relationshi

  • Study the effects of high exposures

Explanation

Question 37 of 60

1

What is characteristic of an Eulerian model?

Select one of the following:

  • The limited amount of Input data and numerical capacity needed

  • A coordinate System that is fixed relative to the earth surface

  • The good representation of Point sources

  • A grid with increasingly smaller dimensions

Explanation

Question 38 of 60

1

What is the dual role of CFCs in the atmosphere?

Select one of the following:

  • Enhance chemical reactions and produce stratospheric ozone

  • Enhance chemical reactions and destroy tropospheric ozone

  • Contribute to global warming as GHG and deplete ozone

  • Destroy ozone and contribute to Global Dimming

Explanation

Question 39 of 60

1

Inversions can cause high Immission concentrations near the ground

Select one of the following:

  • When pollutants are emitted below the inversion

  • Because heating is especially intense in these periods

  • When pollutants are emitted into the Inversion through high stacks

  • Because pollutants are pressed downward

Explanation

Question 40 of 60

1

Sulfates can cover large distances in the atmosphere because

Select one of the following:

  • They are released in great heights

  • They are not easily washed­‐out

  • Their lifetime in the atmosphere is long

  • They are especially light compared to their size

Explanation

Question 41 of 60

1

What data are not relevant for Emission inventories?

Select one of the following:

  • Geographical Position of sources

  • Flue gas temperature

  • Stack height

  • Wind speed

  • Emission rates of different pollutant groups

Explanation

Question 42 of 60

1

What human Impact does not (yet) exceed the resilience boundaries of the global ecosystems?

Select one of the following:

  • Climate change

  • Biodiversity loss

  • Acidification of the ocean

  • Nitrogen cycle

Explanation

Question 43 of 60

1

Gaussian models for continuous Point sources assume that

Select one of the following:

  • Emissions occur at least 10m above ground

  • Life time of pollutants is limited

  • Wind Speed exceeds 1m/s

  • Pollutant concentration is uniform within the plume

Explanation

Question 44 of 60

1

Stratospheric ozone concentration

Select one of the following:

  • Is falling in midlatitudes in winter, constant in summer

  • Is falling worldwide

  • Is falling in midlatitudes, and strongly falling over Antarctica

  • Is falling in equatorial regions in winter

Explanation

Question 45 of 60

1

What part of the solar spectrum is primarily responsible for the Cancer in human skin?

Select one of the following:

  • UVA

  • UVC

  • Roentgen waves

  • UVB

  • Infra-­red

Explanation

Question 46 of 60

1

Protections regarding climate in the future do not rely on:

Select one of the following:

  • Assumptions on GHG emissions

  • An understanding of radiation

  • Assumptions on the development of the world population

  • Mathematical models to simulate physical processes in the atmosphere

  • Statistical extrapolations of the climate Change of the past

Explanation

Question 47 of 60

1

Air flow is influenced near buildings

Select one of the following:

  • But the induced turbulence is irrelevant for dispersion

  • Up to about 150m behind the building

  • The stronger, the smaller the Building is

  • In the vertical within about 2,5 times the height of the building

Explanation

Question 48 of 60

1

Which is no Green House Gas (GHG)?

Select one of the following:

  • Carbon monoxide

  • Carbon dioxide

  • Water vapour

  • Methane

  • Ozone

Explanation

Question 49 of 60

1

What Feedback mechanism is reinforcing (=positive)?

Select one of the following:

  • Increase in CO2, increased biomass, increased evaporation, cooling

  • Temperature decrease, more glaciers, higher Albedo

  • Temperature increase, increased evaporation, increased Cloud cover

  • Temperature increase, forest fires, increased albedo

Explanation

Question 50 of 60

1

Deposition reaches generally its highest values

Select one of the following:

  • Chemical transformation

  • Occult deposition

  • Sedimentation

  • Wet deposition

Explanation

Question 51 of 60

1

Emission reductions necessary to meet the 2°C goal are consistent with

Select one of the following:

  • 80% reduction in industrialized and unlimited emissions in other nations

  • 50% reduction of GHG emissions in industrialized nations

  • Full use of conventional and unconventional reserves

  • About 1t of CO2 per Person and year till 2050 in industrialized nations

  • GHG emissions about three times the amount already emitted

Explanation

Question 52 of 60

1

Which is a secondary pollutant?

Select one of the following:

  • Aerosols

  • Sulfur dioxide

  • Carbon monoxide

  • Nitrogen oxide

  • Ozone

Explanation

Question 53 of 60

1

Expected temperature increase in Austria in the next 20-­‐50 years is about

Select one of the following:

  • 2‐4°

  • 0,5‐1°

  • 4-6°

  • 5-­10°

Explanation

Question 54 of 60

1

Which is NOT a component of the Radiation Balance at the earth’s surface?

Select one of the following:

  • diffuse or sky radiation

  • atmospheric Radiation

  • celestial radiation

  • terrestrial radiation

  • direct solar radiation

Explanation

Question 55 of 60

1

The effective source height

Select one of the following:

  • is defined as the sum of stack height and plume rise

  • depends on the emitted pollutants

  • is equal to stack height for hot effluents

  • is near 40 km for stratospheric ozone

  • increases with air temperature

Explanation

Question 56 of 60

1

Climate Change is scientifically proved by

Select one of the following:

  • increase of global mean temperature

  • asdfasdfasdfasdf

Explanation

Question 57 of 60

1

What is the significance of oceans in the global carbon cycle?

Select one of the following:

  • a sink, but may become a source

  • dfgdfgdfgdsfg

Explanation

Question 58 of 60

1

What is not part of geo-­‐engineering?

Select one of the following:

  • Substitution of fossil energy sources

  • sdfasdfsdfaas

Explanation

Question 59 of 60

1

Which of the following pollutants are GHGs?

Select one of the following:

  • ozone, carbon dioxide, methane, water vapour (sind alle GHGs)

  • fsasadfasdf

Explanation

Question 60 of 60

1

Radiation Balance is clearly negative

Select one of the following:

  • day time, inversion, rainfall?

  • sdfasdf

Explanation

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