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Atmospheric Pollution

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Quiz on Atmospheric Pollution, created by Eva Dutzlr on 30/06/2016.
Eva Dutzlr
Quiz by Eva Dutzlr, updated more than 1 year ago
Eva Dutzlr
Created by Eva Dutzlr almost 8 years ago
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Resource summary

Question 1

Question
Which factors contribute to sea Level rise due to climate Change?
Answer
  • Increased number of floods
  • Rapid melting of artig ice
  • Thermal Expansion and melting of land-bound ice
  • Slow sinking of the continents
  • Enhanced precipitation

Question 2

Question
The green house gas effect can be explained by
Answer
  • Wavelength dependence of absorbtion of Radiation by GHG
  • Ozone depletion in the stratosphere
  • The elliptic path of the earth around the sun
  • Enhanced reflection of Long wave Radiation by GHG
  • Enhanced concentration of dust and carbon monoxide in the atmosphere

Question 3

Question
Because Saturation vapour pressure depends on the Surface on which it occurs
Answer
  • Lifting of air masses leads to condensation
  • Clouds grow rapidly when ice particles are introduced
  • Small Drops grow at the cost of large drops
  • Mixing of warmer and colder air masses can lead to mixing fog

Question 4

Question
Airborne radionuclide concentrations are especially relevant for
Answer
  • Infiltration and Submersion
  • Ingestion and Inhalation
  • Ingestion and Submersion
  • Inhalation and Submersion
  • Exposition and Ingestion

Question 5

Question
Occult Deposition is
Answer
  • An as yet undiscovered deposition
  • Deposition that is not yet fully understood
  • Deposition by fog, dew, etc.
  • Deposition pollutants attached to aerosols

Question 6

Question
For the development of the ozone hole in the Antarctic the following are decisive:
Answer
  • High CFC concentrations an lack of solar radiation
  • High CFC concentrations and temperatures below zero
  • High CFC concentration and climate change
  • Temperatures below -­‐80°C and Little air mass exchange

Question 7

Question
The double strategy in Austrian air Pollution policy consists of
Answer
  • Limiting synergistic pollutants simultaneously
  • Requiring the pollutants and the affected to contribute to Emission reductions
  • Increasing stack heights and Emission standards
  • Limiting Emission according to state-­of-­the­‐art Technology and to stay within air quality

Question 8

Question
An end-­of-­pipe measure is e.g.:
Answer
  • Using more efficient technologies
  • Implementing an Emission trading scheme
  • Filter flue gases
  • Technological improvements in the process
  • Desulfurization of oil

Question 9

Question
Present day GHG emissions of the average Austrian are around
Answer
  • 50 t per year
  • 1 t per year
  • 100 t per year
  • Not quantifiable
  • 10 t per year

Question 10

Question
Climate Change does not involve:
Answer
  • Changes in precipitation
  • Frequency of extreme events
  • More intense earthquakes
  • Melting of polar ice
  • Temperature changes

Question 11

Question
Which are not typical effects of mountain Valleys or basins?
Answer
  • Inducing thermally driven circulations
  • Strong Dispersion of pollutants
  • Development of cold air basins due to Drainage flow
  • Inversions
  • Channelling flow

Question 12

Question
Stratospheric ozone concentration
Answer
  • Is falling in midlatitudes in winter, constant in summer
  • Is falling worldwide
  • Is falling in equatorial regions in winter
  • Is falling in midlatitudes, and strongly falling over Antarcitca

Question 13

Question
In climate debate tipping Points are understood to describe
Answer
  • Points at which the planet becomes uninhabitable
  • Points beyond which positiveFeedback mechanisms can no longer be contained by bhumans
  • Points of time in policy debate when decisive steps are taken
  • Geographical Locations where decisive climate process

Question 14

Question
Under clear sky conditions in summer ozone Levels are especially high in bVienna
Answer
  • On weekdays
  • During traffic peaks
  • On Sundays and holidays
  • On Mondays
  • On Saturdays
  • In the early morning

Question 15

Question
What is NOT true of radioactive decay
Answer
  • Is the only way to deplete Radio nuclei
  • Disappears after 5 half‐life times
  • Depends only on the Radio nuclide
  • Is Independent of external influences
  • Can vary over several orders of magnitude

Question 16

Question
Which of the following issues is not a mesoscale Pollution Problem?
Answer
  • Fine particles (PM)
  • Tropospheric zone
  • Persistent organic compounds (POP)
  • Green house gases
  • Radio active substances

Question 17

Question
The IPAT equation or Kaya Identity can be used to explain
Answer
  • The Impact of population, air Pollution and Technology on environmental degradation
  • The Impact of green house gas emissions on climate
  • The extent to which ecological boundaries have been crossed
  • The Impact of world population, affluence and Technology on green house gas emissions
  • The Impact of Lifestyles on environmental Quality and tipping points

Question 18

Question
What was the original Definition of smog?
Answer
  • A combination of smoke and fog
  • High concentrations of photo chemicals
  • Cigarette smoke
  • High ozone concentrations

Question 19

Question
Dispersion models typically consist of 3 modules:
Answer
  • Transport Module, Immission Module, Impact Module
  • Meteorology Module, Chemistry Module, Deposition Module
  • Emission Module, Transmission Module, Immission Module
  • Meteorology Module, Chemistry Module and Transport Module
  • Meteorology Module, Transport Module, Deposition Module

Question 20

Question
Trajectories are an important part of which kind of Dispersion models?
Answer
  • Gaussian models
  • Diffusions models
  • Langrangian models
  • Richardson models
  • Eulerian models

Question 21

Question
Near the earths Surface temperature increases with height
Answer
  • When wind Speed increases with height
  • When wind Speed is low and the Radiation balances at the Surface is negative
  • Because the distance from sun decreases
  • When atmospheric Radiation exceeds terrestrial radiation
  • When warm air rises from heated surfaces
  • When an Inversion breaks up

Question 22

Question
Chronic damage caused by air Pollution can be prevented by
Answer
  • Standards expressed in high percentiles
  • Limiting Maximum concentration
  • Short term standards, e.g. hourly means
  • Long term standards, e.g. yearly means

Question 23

Question
In an idealised valley the following local circulations are to be expected in fair weather on the early afternoon
Answer
  • only valley wind
  • valley ­and down slope wind
  • valley and up slope wind
  • only down slope wind
  • Mountain and down slope wind

Question 24

Question
In order for a Cloud to rain, Cloud droplets must grow
Answer
  • through coagulation and coalescence with other droplets
  • through freezing and melting
  • and reach a size 100 times that a small Cloud droplet
  • through Transpiration and evaporation
  • through compression and density increase
  • through condensation and diffusion

Question 25

Question
Which of the following radiative processes leads to energy conversion?
Answer
  • Reflexion
  • Absorption
  • Refraction
  • Diffusion

Question 26

Question
Concentrations caused at a specific Point by a continuous Point source vary strongly
Answer
  • in inversions
  • in unstable layers
  • in neutral layers
  • in stable layers under strong wind conditions
  • in isothermal layers near the ground

Question 27

Question
The troposphere
Answer
  • is the bottom layer of the atmosphere in which temperature decreases with height
  • is the lower part of the planetary boundary layer
  • is the lower part of the stratosphere and characterized by temperature increase with height
  • consists of the planetary boundary layer and the turbulent Surface layer

Question 28

Question
Boundaries of the global ecological System seem to have been exceeded regarding
Answer
  • climate change, Nitrogen cycle and phosphorus cycle
  • Nitrogen cycle, phosphorus cycle and biodiversity loss
  • ocean acidification, Nitrogen cycle and biodiversity loss
  • climate change, Nitrogen cycle and biodiversity loss
  • climate change, ocean acidification and biodiversity loss

Question 29

Question
The following is NOT correct regarding albedo:
Answer
  • Averaged over the whole globe, Albedo is about 5%
  • Albedo is higher for snow than for bitumen
  • Albedo is reflectivity averaged over all wave lengths
  • Albedo is the ration of reflected to incoming radiation
  • Albedo increases with the temperature of the reflecting body

Question 30

Question
The atmosphere is characterised by
Answer
  • about 80% nitrogen, 20% Oxygen and 1% Argon content
  • about 0,03 CO2 and 0,05 water vapour content
  • about 80% Oxygen and 20% hydrogen Content near the surface
  • rapid increase of CO2 and decrease of Oxygen concentrations
  • good mixing of gases up to 120km height

Question 31

Question
Which of the following does not heat up faster than global average?
Answer
  • Continents
  • Arctic
  • Alpine region
  • Oceans

Question 32

Question
In what latitudes do the highest stratospheric ozone concentrations occur?
Answer
  • 20°
  • 60°
  • 80°
  • 45°

Question 33

Question
The declared aim of the policy of high stacks was to
Answer
  • Enhance the chimney effect and create higher effective stack heights
  • Make use of higher wind speeds
  • Reduce Maximum immissions on the ground
  • Delay deposition
  • Distribute pollutants over larger areas

Question 34

Question
Global temperature increase over the last 150 years is about
Answer
  • 0,2°C
  • 1,2°C
  • 0,8°C
  • 0,4°C

Question 35

Question
What process is not part of Dispersion of pollutants in air?
Answer
  • Interception
  • Diffusion
  • Decay
  • Deposition
  • Sedimentation

Question 36

Question
Clinical studies to determine concentration Limits for humans help to
Answer
  • Replace Experiments using animals
  • Study exposures under normal conditions
  • Understand systematic dose-­effect relationshi
  • Study the effects of high exposures

Question 37

Question
What is characteristic of an Eulerian model?
Answer
  • The limited amount of Input data and numerical capacity needed
  • A coordinate System that is fixed relative to the earth surface
  • The good representation of Point sources
  • A grid with increasingly smaller dimensions

Question 38

Question
What is the dual role of CFCs in the atmosphere?
Answer
  • Enhance chemical reactions and produce stratospheric ozone
  • Enhance chemical reactions and destroy tropospheric ozone
  • Contribute to global warming as GHG and deplete ozone
  • Destroy ozone and contribute to Global Dimming

Question 39

Question
Inversions can cause high Immission concentrations near the ground
Answer
  • When pollutants are emitted below the inversion
  • Because heating is especially intense in these periods
  • When pollutants are emitted into the Inversion through high stacks
  • Because pollutants are pressed downward

Question 40

Question
Sulfates can cover large distances in the atmosphere because
Answer
  • They are released in great heights
  • They are not easily washed­‐out
  • Their lifetime in the atmosphere is long
  • They are especially light compared to their size

Question 41

Question
What data are not relevant for Emission inventories?
Answer
  • Geographical Position of sources
  • Flue gas temperature
  • Stack height
  • Wind speed
  • Emission rates of different pollutant groups

Question 42

Question
What human Impact does not (yet) exceed the resilience boundaries of the global ecosystems?
Answer
  • Climate change
  • Biodiversity loss
  • Acidification of the ocean
  • Nitrogen cycle

Question 43

Question
Gaussian models for continuous Point sources assume that
Answer
  • Emissions occur at least 10m above ground
  • Life time of pollutants is limited
  • Wind Speed exceeds 1m/s
  • Pollutant concentration is uniform within the plume

Question 44

Question
Stratospheric ozone concentration
Answer
  • Is falling in midlatitudes in winter, constant in summer
  • Is falling worldwide
  • Is falling in midlatitudes, and strongly falling over Antarctica
  • Is falling in equatorial regions in winter

Question 45

Question
What part of the solar spectrum is primarily responsible for the Cancer in human skin?
Answer
  • UVA
  • UVC
  • Roentgen waves
  • UVB
  • Infra-­red

Question 46

Question
Protections regarding climate in the future do not rely on:
Answer
  • Assumptions on GHG emissions
  • An understanding of radiation
  • Assumptions on the development of the world population
  • Mathematical models to simulate physical processes in the atmosphere
  • Statistical extrapolations of the climate Change of the past

Question 47

Question
Air flow is influenced near buildings
Answer
  • But the induced turbulence is irrelevant for dispersion
  • Up to about 150m behind the building
  • The stronger, the smaller the Building is
  • In the vertical within about 2,5 times the height of the building

Question 48

Question
Which is no Green House Gas (GHG)?
Answer
  • Carbon monoxide
  • Carbon dioxide
  • Water vapour
  • Methane
  • Ozone

Question 49

Question
What Feedback mechanism is reinforcing (=positive)?
Answer
  • Increase in CO2, increased biomass, increased evaporation, cooling
  • Temperature decrease, more glaciers, higher Albedo
  • Temperature increase, increased evaporation, increased Cloud cover
  • Temperature increase, forest fires, increased albedo

Question 50

Question
Deposition reaches generally its highest values
Answer
  • Chemical transformation
  • Occult deposition
  • Sedimentation
  • Wet deposition

Question 51

Question
Emission reductions necessary to meet the 2°C goal are consistent with
Answer
  • 80% reduction in industrialized and unlimited emissions in other nations
  • 50% reduction of GHG emissions in industrialized nations
  • Full use of conventional and unconventional reserves
  • About 1t of CO2 per Person and year till 2050 in industrialized nations
  • GHG emissions about three times the amount already emitted

Question 52

Question
Which is a secondary pollutant?
Answer
  • Aerosols
  • Sulfur dioxide
  • Carbon monoxide
  • Nitrogen oxide
  • Ozone

Question 53

Question
Expected temperature increase in Austria in the next 20-­‐50 years is about
Answer
  • 2‐4°
  • 0,5‐1°
  • 4-6°
  • 5-­10°

Question 54

Question
Which is NOT a component of the Radiation Balance at the earth’s surface?
Answer
  • diffuse or sky radiation
  • atmospheric Radiation
  • celestial radiation
  • terrestrial radiation
  • direct solar radiation

Question 55

Question
The effective source height
Answer
  • is defined as the sum of stack height and plume rise
  • depends on the emitted pollutants
  • is equal to stack height for hot effluents
  • is near 40 km for stratospheric ozone
  • increases with air temperature

Question 56

Question
Climate Change is scientifically proved by
Answer
  • increase of global mean temperature
  • asdfasdfasdfasdf

Question 57

Question
What is the significance of oceans in the global carbon cycle?
Answer
  • a sink, but may become a source
  • dfgdfgdfgdsfg

Question 58

Question
What is not part of geo-­‐engineering?
Answer
  • Substitution of fossil energy sources
  • sdfasdfsdfaas

Question 59

Question
Which of the following pollutants are GHGs?
Answer
  • ozone, carbon dioxide, methane, water vapour (sind alle GHGs)
  • fsasadfasdf

Question 60

Question
Radiation Balance is clearly negative
Answer
  • day time, inversion, rainfall?
  • sdfasdf
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