Chris Mulryan
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This is a practice assessment for people studying anatomical Topics

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Chris Mulryan
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Part 1 Anatomy & Physiology Formative Assessment

Question 1 of 50

1

Which one of the following describes the cell membrane?

Select one of the following:

  • A bi-layer consisting of phospholipids

  • A structure that surrounds the nucleolus of a cell

  • A structure that secretes proteins

  • A structure containing enzymes within a cell

  • A structure capable of secreting hormones

Explanation

Question 2 of 50

1

In the G2 phase of the cell cycle which one of the following is occurring?

Select one of the following:

  • The centromeres line up at the distal aspects of the cell

  • The cell divides in a meiosis form

  • The cell membrane invaginates

  • DNA structures are checked for errors

  • DNA is synthesized

Explanation

Question 3 of 50

1

In the G0 phase of the cell cycle which one of the following is occurring?

Select one of the following:

  • DNA is checked

  • The cell is in a resting state

  • The cell actively dividing

  • Intracellular organelles are synthesized

  • DNA is copied

Explanation

Question 4 of 50

1

Chromosomes condense in which one of the following stages of a cells life span?

Select one of the following:

  • The G0 Phase

  • During cell division (Mitosis)

  • The G2 Phase

  • Chromosomes are always visible within a cell

  • The G1 Phase

Explanation

Question 5 of 50

1

Which one of the following is the function of a Ribosome?

Select one of the following:

  • To secrete proteins

  • To secrete lipid-based products

  • To degrade intra-cellular waste

  • To synthesize ADP

  • To secrete hormones

Explanation

Question 6 of 50

1

During metaphase of mitosis which one of the following is occuring?

Select one of the following:

  • Chromosomes condense within the nucleus of the cells

  • The condensed chromosomes a line in the centre​ of the cell

  • Nuclear membrane forms around each set of chromosomes

  • Chromosomes are pulled back into diffrent sides of the cell via the mitotic spindels

  • Mitotic spindles disslove

Explanation

Question 7 of 50

1

In terms of DNA which one of the following is a function of Ribose?

Select one of the following:

  • It is an enzyme copies DNA

  • It is one of the bases that makes up the DNA sequence

  • It is a sugar which attaches to a base pairs to make a nucleotide

  • It describes the bonds that form between the individual bases to form base pairs

  • It is a phosphate that enables the DNA sequence to build

Explanation

Question 8 of 50

1

Where in a cell is ATP synthesised within a cell?

Select one of the following:

  • Golgi Apparatus

  • Endoplasmic Reticulum

  • Plasma Membrane

  • Mitochondria

  • Cytoplasm

Explanation

Question 9 of 50

1

The function of an exocytic vesicle is best described by which one of the following?

Select one of the following:

  • A membrane-bound vesicle that is used to bring large products into the cell

  • A membrane-bound vesicle that is used to remove products from the cell

  • A vesicle containing microorganisms following phagocytosis

  • A vesicle that contains lysozymes

  • A vesicle that contains ATP

Explanation

Question 10 of 50

1

The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is responcible for which one of the following within a cell?

Select one of the following:

  • Manufacturining of protines

  • Manufacturing lipid based products

  • Manufacturing Robosomes

  • Degrading insulin

  • Conjugation of bile

Explanation

Question 11 of 50

1

Chordae tendineae are associated with which one of the following structures?

Select one of the following:

  • Left Atrium

  • Aortic & pulmonary valves

  • Right Atrium

  • Atrio ventricular valves

  • Intra vascular luminal valves

Explanation

Question 12 of 50

1

In health, which one of the follow helps to prevent blood from adhering to the inner surface of the heart?

Select one of the following:

  • The endocardium

  • The pericardium

  • The myocardium

  • The epicardium

  • Surfactant

Explanation

Question 13 of 50

1

Angiotensin Two has which one of the following effects on blood vessels?

Select one of the following:

  • Reduces permeability of blood vessles

  • Angiotensin two is an inactive precursor chemical

  • Produces vasoconstriction

  • Increases permeability of capillaries

  • Produces vasodilatation

Explanation

Question 14 of 50

1

Increased vagal tone will have which one of the following effects on the cardiovascular system?

Select one of the following:

  • Increase in heart rate

  • Increase in cardiac output

  • Reduction in cardiac output

  • Reduced time needed for the cardiac action potential to be undertaken

  • Vasoconstriction

Explanation

Question 15 of 50

1

Which one of the following best describes how the ventricles fill during diastole?

Select one of the following:

  • Mostly passive followed by a topping up from the atrial systole

  • Expansion of the pericardium creates a negative intraventricular pressure which draws blood in

  • From the aorta and pulmonary artery

  • The ventricles are filled entirely actively during atrial systole

  • Ventricular filling occurs during systole not diastole

Explanation

Question 16 of 50

1

Blood flow in the coronary vessels is maximal at which one of the following stages of the cardiac cycle?

Select one of the following:

  • Blood flow in the coronary vessels is not affected by the cardiac cycle

  • Early Diastole iso-volumetric relaxation

  • Ventricular systole

  • Late diastole (diastasis)

  • Atrial systole

Explanation

Question 17 of 50

1

Which one of the following combines with heart rate to produce the cardiac output equation?

Select one of the following:

  • Stroke volume

  • Pulse pressure

  • Mean arterial pressure

  • Systemic vascular resistance

  • Intra ventricular pressure

Explanation

Question 18 of 50

1

During repolisartaion of a cardiac myocyte, which one of the following describes the movement of potassium?

Select one of the following:

  • From inside the cell to outside the cell via potassium channels

  • From inside the cell to outside the cell via ATP-powered pumps

  • There is no movement of potassium during repolarisation, sodium is the main cation that is moved during this stage

  • From outside the cell to inside the cell via passive diffusion

  • From outside of the cell to inside the cell via ATP powered pumps

Explanation

Question 19 of 50

1

With regard to the AV node, which one of following is true?

Select one of the following:

  • It is the natural pacemaker of the heart

  • It is made of cardiac myocytes

  • It has no automaticity

  • It has a spontaneous discharge rate of 100 per minute

  • In health it is the only electrical connection between the atria and the ventricles

Explanation

Question 20 of 50

1

Which one of the following coronary vessels supplies the majority of the posterior wall of the heart?

Select one of the following:

  • The circumflex artery

  • The left anterior descending artery

  • Right coronary artery

  • Left main coronary artery

  • The coronary sinus

Explanation

Question 21 of 50

1

The tidal volume of the lung is described by which one of the following?

Select one of the following:

  • The amount of air that is moved when coughing

  • The amount of air that can be maximally inhaled in to the lungs

  • The speed at which air can be expelled from the lungs

  • The amount of air that is moved in a relaxed breath

  • The amount of air that is contained in the respiratory dead space

Explanation

Question 22 of 50

1

Gas exchange between the air in the lungs and the blood takes place in which one of the following locations?

Select one of the following:

  • Trachea

  • Visceral pleura

  • Bronchi

  • Terminal bronchioles

  • Alveoli

Explanation

Question 23 of 50

1

In the lungs what is the role that surfactant plays?

Select one of the following:

  • It facilitates the transport of carbon dioxide out of the blood

  • It helps to prevent collapse of and trauma the alveoli

  • It liquefies mucus

  • It assists with oxygen transport into the blood

  • It converts bound hydrogen ions to free hydrogen ions

Explanation

Question 24 of 50

1

Which of the following is part of the upper respiratory tract?

Select one of the following:

  • Oesophagus

  • Larynx

  • Pharynx

  • Trachea

  • Bronchi

Explanation

Question 25 of 50

1

The right lung is divided into how many lobes?

Select one of the following:

  • 1

  • 2

  • 3

  • 4

  • 5

Explanation

Question 26 of 50

1

Which of following best describes the role that the sternocleidomastoid muscles play in breathing?

Select one of the following:

  • There are the primary muscle that activates ventilation

  • They do not have a role in respiration

  • They are used in forced expiration

  • They are an accessory mussel of ventilation

  • They operate in parallel with each breath

Explanation

Question 27 of 50

1

The nasal hairs fulfil which one of the following functions within the respiratory tract?

Select one of the following:

  • Divide the nose into right and left chambers

  • Filter debris from inhales air

  • Warm air as it enters the sinuses

  • Are the part of the nose responsible for the sense of smell

  • Serve no functional purpose

Explanation

Question 28 of 50

1

The point at which the trachea divides into two separate bronchi is given which one of the following names?

Select one of the following:

  • Helix

  • Hilum

  • Bronchiole

  • Turbinate

  • Carina

Explanation

Question 29 of 50

1

Which one of the following describes the function of a goblet cell in the respiratory epithelium?

Select one of the following:

  • It secretes surfactant

  • It moves mucus towards the digestive tract

  • It moves mucus towards the alveolus

  • It secretes mucus

  • It stimulates a cough reflex when the airway is over filled

Explanation

Question 30 of 50

1

The parietal pleura can be described best by which one of the following?

Select one of the following:

  • The space in-between the two layers of pleura

  • The fluid that lubricates lung movement

  • The layer of the pleura that is attached to the lung

  • The layer of the pleura that is attached to the chest wall

  • The Space in between the lungs

Explanation

Question 31 of 50

1

The binding of a cholesterol based hormone to its receptor will often result initially in the production of which one of the following?

Select one of the following:

  • DNA Synthesis

  • G Protein Activation

  • Messenger RNA Synthesis

  • Release of vesicle bound hormones

  • Synthesis of membrane bound proteins

Explanation

Question 32 of 50

1

The term ‘secondary messengers’ refers to which one of the following?

Select one of the following:

  • In intracellular signalling process that occurs following peptide-based hormone binding to its receptor

  • In intracellular signalling process that occurs following steroid-based hormone binding to its receptor

  • The structural changes in a cell following the binding of any hormone

  • The manufacture of a secondary product in response to binding of any hormone

  • The activation of a hormone receptor by a non hormone product e.g. an autoantibody

Explanation

Question 33 of 50

1

Which one of the following hormones will increase blood glucose?

Select one of the following:

  • Insulin

  • Thyrotrophin

  • Somatostatin

  • Aldosterone

  • Glucagon

Explanation

Question 34 of 50

1

One of the properties of a cholesterol based hormone is that?

Select one of the following:

  • It is soluble in water

  • It does not require a carrier protein to get to its site of action

  • It can cross cell membranes easily

  • It is active even when protein bound

  • It can be manufactured from a single amino acid

Explanation

Question 35 of 50

1

How many functional layers can be identified on histological assessment of the adrenal cortex?

Select one of the following:

  • One

  • Two

  • Three

  • Four

  • Five

Explanation

Question 36 of 50

1

Beta cells in the islets of Langerhans secretes which one of the following hormones?

Select one of the following:

  • Insulin

  • Lipase

  • Somatostatin

  • Glucagon

  • Glycogen

Explanation

Question 37 of 50

1

The parafolicullar C cells of the thyroid gland secrete which one of the following hormones

Select one of the following:

  • Monoiodothyronine

  • Tetraiodothyronine

  • Paryathyroid hormone

  • Calcitonin

  • Calcitrol

Explanation

Question 38 of 50

1

Which one of the following is an example of a hormone released from the anterior pituitary gland?

Select one of the following:

  • Thyroid stimulating hormone

  • Anti diuretic hormone

  • Aldosterone

  • Melatonin

  • Thyroid releasing hormone

Explanation

Question 39 of 50

1

Which one of the following structures secretes cortisol?

Select one of the following:

  • Anterior Pituitary

  • Hypothalamus

  • Adrenal Cortex

  • Adrenal Medulla

  • Testis

Explanation

Question 40 of 50

1

Which one of the following defines a hormone?

Select one of the following:

  • A chemical that is secreted by a cell and has an effect on the cell that secreted it

  • A chemical that communicates across a synapse

  • A chemical that is secreted by a cell travels in the blood and has an effect on a cell remote from the site of secretion

  • A chemical that is secreted by a cell and has an effect on cells local to that cell

  • A chemical this is responsible for communication between cells of the immune system

Explanation

Question 41 of 50

1

Which one of the following is true about the pancreatic acini?

Select one of the following:

  • They secret pancreatic enzymes

  • They secrete insulin

  • They secrete glucagon

  • They secrete bile

  • They absorb glucose

Explanation

Question 42 of 50

1

What type of endothelial lining does the oesophagus have in healthy individuals?

Select one of the following:

  • Columnar

  • Ciliated

  • Squamous

  • Cuboidal

  • Pseudo Stratified

Explanation

Question 43 of 50

1

What is the name of the structure that supplies blood to the majority of the small intestine?

Select one of the following:

  • Pan Piniform Plexus

  • Superior mesenteric artery

  • Inferior mesenteric artery

  • Celiac artery

  • Gastric artery

Explanation

Question 44 of 50

1

Which one of the following substances is secreted by the gastric parietal cells?

Select one of the following:

  • Gastrin

  • Histamine

  • Mucus

  • Hydrochloric Acid

  • Stomatastatin

Explanation

Question 45 of 50

1

What is the name of the duct that drains bile from the left and right hepatic ducts?

Select one of the following:

  • Common Bile Duct

  • Pancreatic duct

  • Cystic Duct

  • Common Hepatic Duct

  • Sphincter of Oddi

Explanation

Question 46 of 50

1

What is the name given to the most distal part of the stomach?

Select one of the following:

  • Antrum

  • Greater Curve

  • Lesser Curve

  • Pyloris

  • Fundus

Explanation

Question 47 of 50

1

Which one of the following is the connection between the small and large intestine?

Select one of the following:

  • Myenteric Plexus

  • Pyloric Sphincter

  • Internal anal Sphincter

  • Cardiac Sphincter

  • Ileocecal valve

Explanation

Question 48 of 50

1

The longitudinal muscle layer in the wall of the gastro-intestinal tract serves which one of the following functions?

Select one of the following:

  • Close the segment of intestines circumferentially

  • Propel the contents of the intestine forwards

  • Compress the intestine

  • Maintain integrity of the intestine lumen

  • Help to sense the consistence of intestinal contents

Explanation

Question 49 of 50

1

Which one of the following describes the action of bile in the gastrointestinal tract?

Select one of the following:

  • It causes fats to coat villi

  • It emulsifies fats braking it down in to smaller globules

  • It binds fat to proteins to facilitate its absorption

  • Bile is a waste product of hepatic function and has no effect on fats

  • It reduces fats in to fatty acids

Explanation

Question 50 of 50

1

Pancreatic secretions and bile have to pass through which one of the following structures before entering the gastrointestinal tract?

Select one of the following:

  • Hepatic Sinusoid

  • Ampulla

  • Plyloric Sphincter

  • Space of Diss

  • Sphincter of Oddi

Explanation

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