mineral

element

atom

compound

crystal

silicate mineral

non-silicate mineral

luster

streak

cleavage

fracture

hardness

density

ore

reclamation

rock

rock cycle

magma

sedimentary rock

metamorphic rock

igneous rock

composition

texture

intrusive

extrusive

strata

stratification

foliated

non-foliated

mafic

felsic

uniformitarianism

catastrophism

relative dating

superposition

geologic column

unconformity

fossil

permineralization

petrification

trace fossil

geologic time scale

eon

era

period

epoch

coprolite

mold

cast

index fossil

absolute dating

isotopes

radioactive decay

radioactive dating

half life

crust

mantle

core

lithosphere

asthenosphere

mesosphere

outer core

inner core

tectonic plates

continental drift

sea-floor spreading

plate tectonics

convergent boundary

subduction zone

divergent boundary

transboundary

stress

compression

tension

folding

normal fault

reverse fault

strike- slip fault

five characteristics of a mineral

Classify minerals according to the two major compositional groups

Classify minerals using common mineral identification techniques

Explain special properties of minerals

Describe what makes a mineral crystal a gem

Describe the environments in which minerals are formed

Compare and contrast the different types of mining

metamorphic rock

igneous rock

sedimentary rock

sediment

What can all of the rock types do

What do rocks turn into as a result of weathering and erosion?

List and describe two characteristics of rock that are used to help classify it.

How do the three types of sedimentary rock form?

Describe how the mineral composition of rocks change as they undergo metamorphism

What are the differences between felsic and mafic igneous rocks? Provide examples for each.

What is the difference between how igneous rocks are formed on the surface and how they are formed below the surface?

Describe the 3 different ways that rock can melt and form the magma that later cools to form igneous rock

What are 4 main intrusive igneous rock formations?

Contrast uniformitarianism and catastrophism

Describe how the two theories have contributed to modern-day Earth Science
They still use both methods today

Explain how relative dating is used in geology

Explain the principle of superposition

Demonstrate understanding of geologic column

Identify two events or features that disrupt rock sequences

Explain how radioactive decay occurs

Explain how radioactive decay relates to radiometric dating

List three types of radiometric dating

Determine the best type of radiometric dating to use to date an object

describe how different types of fossils are formed

List the types of fossils that are not a part of an organism

Demonstrate how fossils can be used to determine changes in environments and in the organisms the fossil came form.

Demonstrate an understanding of geologic time scale

Identify the Eon we know the most about and explain why.

Explain what Periods are currently present in Mahaska County, Iowa.

identify and describe the layers of the Earth by what they are composed of:

Identify and describe the layers of the Earth by their characteristics:

Define tectonic plate

explain how scientists know about the structure of Earth’s interior:

Describe Wegener’s theory of continental drift, and explain why it was not accepted at first:

Explain how sea-floor spreading provides a way for continents to move:

Describe how new oceanic crust forms at mid-ocean ridges

Describe three forces thought to move tectonic plates

Describe thee types of tectonic plate boundaries

Explain how scientists measure the rate at which tectonic plates move

Describe Major types of folds

Explain how the three major types of faults differ

Name and describe the most common types of mountains

explain how various types of mountains form