Non-specific Immune Response

Question 1 of 16

1

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When someone is infected by a disease-causing organism, several mechanisms in their body act to destroy the invading pathogen. This task is performed by the immune system and is known as the immune response. ( Non-specific, Specific ) responses help to destroy any invading pathogen, whereas ( specific, Non-specific ) immunity is always directed at a specific pathogen.

Explanation

Question 2 of 16

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A stream of tears helps to wash out foreign materials and attacks any on the surface of the eye. Tears contain an enzyme called that kills bacteria by breaking down their . The same enzyme is found in saliva and nasal secretions, protecting the body from harmful bacteria in the air we breathe or the food we eat.

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Question 3 of 16

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An injury, cut or graze enables ( microbes, crumbs ) and other foreign material to enter the body. A ( blood clot, plug ) will rapidly seal the wound. But inflammation at the site, known as the inflammatory ( response, party ), helps to destroy invading microbes. Damaged white blood cells and ( mast cells, platelets ), found in the connective tissue below the skin and around blood vessels, release special chemicals, such as ( histamine, antihistamine ). These chemicals cause the arterioles in the area to ( dilute, constrict ), increasing blood ( flow, pressure ) in the capillaries at the infected site. Histamines also increase the permeability of the ( capillaries, arteries ): cells in the capillary walls ( separate, come together ) slightly, so the vessels leak. Plasma fluid, white blood cells and antibodies leak from the blood into the tissue causing oedema (( swelling, pain )). The infecting microbes can now be attacked by these intact white blood cells.

Explanation

Question 4 of 16

1

What are phagocytes?

Select one of the following:

white blood cells that engulf bacteria and other foreign matter in the blood and tissues
white blood cells that produce antibodies

Explanation

Question 5 of 16

1

Only macrophages are phagocytes

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 6 of 16

1

Two types occur: B and T cells. Involved in the immune response including antibody production and immunity. Some cells only last a few days; others can survive for years.

Select one of the following:

Neutrophils
Lymphocytes
Monocytes
Other white cells

Explanation

Question 7 of 16

1

Circulate in the blood for a day or 2 before they move into the tissue by squeezing between the cells of capillary walls. Here they become macrophages and engulf bacteria, foreign matter and cell debris. Numerous in the lungs, liver, kidneys, spleen and lymph nodes.

Select one of the following:

neutrophils
monocytes
lymphocytes
other white cells

Explanation

Question 8 of 16

1

Leave blood capillaries by squeezing between the cells of capillary walls. Ingest and destroy bacteria. 80 million produced every minute (more during infection). Last only a few days.

Select one of the following:

monocytes
neutrophils
lymphocytes
other white cells

Explanation

Question 9 of 16

1

Produce the chemical histamine involved in the inflammatory response

Select one of the following:

other white cells
monocytes
neutrophils
lymphocytes

Explanation

Question 10 of 16

1

Red blood cells contain a nucleus

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 11 of 16

1

White blood cells contain a nucleus

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 12 of 16

1

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Action at the infected site: Chemicals released by and the cells damaged at the site of infection attract phagocytic white cells. are the first to arrive; they engulf between 5 and 20 bacteria before they become and die. The neutrophils are then followed by . These larger, longer-lived cells can each destroy around 100 bacteria. They will also ingest debris from damaged cells, and foreign matter such as particles of and dust in the lungs. The ingested material is enclosed within a . containing digestive enzymes fuse with the vacuole, the enzymes are released, and they destroy the bacteria or other foreign material. The large numbers of phagocytic cells that collect at the site of infection can engulf huge numbers of bacteria. After a few days the area is full of dead cells, mainly neutrophils, which form a thick fluid called . The pus may break through the surface of the skin, but usually it gradually gets broken down and absorbed into the surrounding tissue.

Explanation

Question 13 of 16

1

Action to prevent the spread of infection: In spite of intense ❌ activity at the infected site, some live ❌ usually get carried away either by the blood or in the ❌. The spread of these bacteria is hindered by the action of ❌ in the lymph nodes, ❌ and liver. Only occasionally does the system fail, leading to widespread infection known as ❌ or 'blood poisoning'.

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phagocytic

bacteria

lymph

macrophages

spleen

septic shock

Explanation

Question 14 of 16

1

Label the diagram:

Drag an answer into the correct orange point.

tissue cell

plasma from capillary to tissue fluid

blood capillary

tissue fluid enters lymph capillary

lymph capillary

mass of lymphocytes & macrophages

lymph nodes

Explanation

Question 15 of 16

1

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Tissue fluid drains into the vessels. The fluid, called lymph, flows along the lymph vessels. It passes through lymph nodes and eventually returns to the blood via the lymphatic and ducts. As lymph passes through the lymph nodes any pathogens present activate and macrophages, which can then destroy the microbes.

Explanation

Question 16 of 16

1

❌ provides non-specific defence against ❌, and some bacteria and protozoa. ❌ cells produce this ❌; it ❌ to the surrounding cells where it prevents microbes from multiplying. It inhibits microbial ❌ and in this way limits the formation of new microbe particles.

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Interferon

viruses

Microbe-infected

diffuses

protein synthesis

protein

	Created by Ella Middlemiss over 9 years ago

16 questions

Non-specific Immune Response

Non-specific Immune Response

Question 1 of 16

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Explanation

Question 2 of 16

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

Explanation

Question 3 of 16

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Explanation

Question 4 of 16

What are phagocytes?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 5 of 16

Only macrophages are phagocytes

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 6 of 16

Two types occur: B and T cells. Involved in the immune response including antibody production and immunity. Some cells only last a few days; others can survive for years.

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 7 of 16

Circulate in the blood for a day or 2 before they move into the tissue by squeezing between the cells of capillary walls. Here they become macrophages and engulf bacteria, foreign matter and cell debris. Numerous in the lungs, liver, kidneys, spleen and lymph nodes.

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 8 of 16

Leave blood capillaries by squeezing between the cells of capillary walls. Ingest and destroy bacteria. 80 million produced every minute (more during infection). Last only a few days.

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 9 of 16

Produce the chemical histamine involved in the inflammatory response

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 10 of 16

Red blood cells contain a nucleus

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 11 of 16

White blood cells contain a nucleus

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 12 of 16

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

Explanation

Question 13 of 16

Drag and drop to complete the text.

Explanation

Question 14 of 16

Label the diagram:

Drag an answer into the correct orange point.

Explanation

Question 15 of 16

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

Explanation

Question 16 of 16

❌ provides non-specific defence against ❌, and some bacteria and protozoa. ❌ cells produce this ❌; it ❌ to the surrounding cells where it prevents microbes from multiplying. It inhibits microbial ❌ and in this way limits the formation of new microbe particles.

Drag and drop to complete the text.

Explanation