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These cells conduct electrical impulses.
What is the special relationship between glial cells and neurons?
What type of cells support, nurture, and protect neurons?
What are 3 types of neurons?
These neurons have a single axon and a single dendrite. They are located in sense organs.
What type of neurons have single axon and multiple dendrites?
The most common type of neurons.
These neurons have a single process that extends from cell body and branches into an axon and dendrite. They first develop in the embryo as bipolar cells whose axon and dendrite later fuse into a single process.
These neurons are located in spinal and cranial ganglia.
These neurons are coined as the "workhorse" neuron. They aid in moving muscles at the neuromuscular junction.
What are the two divisions of the nervous system?
What are the two primary neurons of the functional division of the nervous system?
What are the two anatomical divisions of the nervous system?
What two body parts make up the CNS?
The PNS consists primarily of _____ ______ and _____.
Efferent neurons involve what types of networks?
_____ receive stimuli from sensory cells, axons, or other neurons. They convert these signals into small electrical impulses which are transmitted to soma.
______ often have arborized terminals which permit a neuron to receive very large number of stimuli.
What are two other names for neuronal cell bodies?
This portion of the soma lacks rough ER and ribosomes. It also contains microtubules and neurofilaments.
These move organelles within a cell, projecting direct axonal flow.
Part of cytoskeleton, ____ are intermediate filaments of the soma.
This portion of the soma is large with dispersed chromatin and a large nucleolus.
Describe the stain of an axon.
_____ conduct impulses away from the soma to the axon terminals. May also branch.
While dendrites taper, ____ retain a constant diameter along their course. The diameter is proportional with the size of a cell body, but length is highly variable.
The name for neuronal cytoplasm, which is devoid of RER.
The term for the axonal plasma membrane.
This structure of a neuron terminates in axon terminals from which impulses are passed to another neuron or other type of cell (muscle or gland).
An individual axon enveloped by a myelin sheath.
How are myelin sheaths produced?
Where are oligodendrocytic myelin sheaths found?
Where are myelin sheaths produced by Schwann cells found?
How are lipoprotein sheaths formed?
Segments covered by one Schwann cell are separated by _____ ___ _____.
How do lipids stain?
Describe the thickness proportion between axons and myelin sheaths.
Which is faster impulse: a myelinated axon or unmyelinated axon?
How are unmyelinated axons insulated?
Where are unmyelinated axons located in the PNS?
The most common demyelinating disease.
What is this disease?
- Unknown etiology; immune/viral factors suspected
- Multiple areas of demyelination in brain and spinal cord; progressive
- Weakness of lower extremities, visual problems, sensory disturbances
-CNS system
Which myelin disorder is found in the CNS? PNS?
What is this disease?
- PNS system
- Acute inflammatory demyelinating disease involving peripheral nerves
- Often preceded by viral infection, immunization, or allergic reactions
- autoimmune etiology
- Ascending muscle weakness and paralysis (moving from lower extremity upward)
- Most patients recover but respiratory failure may lead to death
This connective tissue is fibrous, dense tissue that forms the external coat of nerves.
This layer of modified dense connective tissue surrounds each bundle (fascicle) of nerve fibers. Its inner surface consists of flattened epithelioid cells joined by tight junctions (barrier function).
This thin layer of loose connective tissue surrounds individual nerve fibers.
This matter contains mainly myelinated but also some unmyelinated nerve fibers.
What is the function of pyramidal neurons in the brain?
What is the function of purkinje fibers/cells in the brain?
What are two important specialized receptors in the brain?
Name this specialized receptor.
- Encapsulated receptors in dermis (skin) - fingertips
- CT capsule enveloping nerve terminal and its Schwann cell
- Fine touch
Name this specialized receptor.
- Encapsulated receptor in dermis, joints, and mesenteries
- Multilayered capsule of fibroblasts, collagen, and fluid, surrounding a nerve terminal
- Pressure, touch, vibration
