AC

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AC Voltage Applied To A Resistor

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Voltage that changes its direction every half cycle is called alternating voltage and the current flowing in the circuit at that time is known as alternating current. The alternating current(AC) follows the sine function which changes its polarity concerning time. Most electrical devices operate on an AC voltage. AC voltage is preferable in the circuits because it can be easily and efficiently converted into another voltage using a transformer.

Resistance is a substance that produces obstructions in the flow of electric current. It is usually denoted by R and its SI unit is Ohm.

AC Voltage Applied To A Resistor

AC Voltage Applied To An Inductor

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AC Voltage Applied to an Inductor implies an AC circuit that consists only of an inductor of inductance L which is connected to an AC source. The AC voltage across the source is V = Vm sin (?t). The changing current output of the AC source gives a back emf in the coil of magnitude which is given by . Here, we will learn more about the functioning of an electric circuit where we will have an inductor and an AC voltage V which is represented by “~”.

AC Voltage Applied To An Inductor

AC Voltage Applied To A Capacitor

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In a DC circuit where the voltage source is connected to a capacitor, the current flows for a small period of time until the capacitor is charged. The charge accumulates on the capacitor plates and the voltage across these plates also increases, thus opposing the current. In simple terms, a capacitor in a DC circuit limits/opposes the current while it charges. Once the capacitor is fully charged, the circuit falls back to zero. Although the capacitor regulates the current, it does not completely obstruct the flow of charge. The capacitor alternatively charges and discharges each time the current reverses half-cycle.

AC Voltage Applied To A Capacitor

AC Voltage Applied To A Series LCR Circuit

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An LCR circuit, also known as tuned or resonant circuit, refers to an electrical circuit that includes an inductor L, a capacitor C and a resistor R which are connected in series so that the same amount of current flows in the circuit. Here, an alternating current or AC generator or dynamo can be used as AC voltage source.

AC Voltage Applied To A Series LCR Circuit

Here, R= Resistor

L= Inductor

C= Capacitor

V= Voltage

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LC Oscillations

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When a charged capacitor is connected to an inductor in the circuit, the electric current in the circuit and the charge on the capacitor undergo oscillations which are known as LC Oscillations. The electrical charge stored in the capacitor is the initial charge on it which may be termed as qm.

It is presented as:

LC Oscillations

Read Also: Eddy Current

Transformers

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As the name suggests, a transformer is a device used in power transmission to change the AC voltage without changing the frequency between the circuits. It can be used to increase (Step-up) or decrease (Step-down) the source voltage. It only works with the AC voltage. It works on the principle of electromagnetic induction and mutual induction. Transformers play a foundational role in the functioning of modern appliances and have a wide range of applications.

Transformers

Read more: Magnetic Flux

Things to Remember

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Direct Current is that which does not change direction with time. We consider direct current sources and circuits with DC sources.

Most of the time voltages and currents that vary with time are very common.

This type of changing voltage electric supply in our home and offices in a circuit is called the Alternating Current (AC current).

The other added advantage to require AC current is it can be easily and efficiently converted from one voltage to other by means of transformers.

Voltage that changes its direction every half cycle is called alternating voltage and the current flowing in the circuit at that time is known as alternating current.

The alternating current(AC) follows the sine function which changes its polarity concerning time. Most electrical devices operate on an AC voltage.

AC voltage is preferable in the circuits because it can be easily and efficiently converted into another voltage using a transformer.

As the name suggests, a transformer is a device used in power transmission to change the AC voltage without changing the frequency between the circuits. They play a foundational role in the functioning of modern appliances and have a wide range of applications.