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ENGLISH GRAMMAR COMPLETE GUIDE

1. Present Simple

Uso: acciones habituales, rutinas, hechos generales y verdades universales.

Estructura:

Afirmativa: Sujeto + verbo base (+ s/es para he/she/it)

Negativa: Sujeto + don’t/doesn’t + verbo base

Interrogativa: Do/Does + sujeto + verbo base?

Ejemplo:

I play football every day.

She doesn’t like coffee.

Do you work here?

2. Adverbs and Expressions of Frequency

Uso: indican con qué frecuencia ocurre una acción.

Estructura:

Adverbios comunes: always, usually, often, sometimes, rarely, never

Posición: antes del verbo principal / después del verbo “to be”

Ejemplo:

She always gets up early.

They are often late.

3. Present Continuous

Uso: acciones que ocurren ahora o alrededor del momento actual.

Estructura:

Afirmativa: Sujeto + am/is/are + verbo-ing

Negativa: Sujeto + am/is/are + not + verbo-ing

Interrogativa: Am/Is/Are + sujeto + verbo-ing?

Ejemplo:

I’m studying English now.

Are you watching TV?

4. Present Simple vs Present Continuous

Uso: comparación entre hábitos (simple) y acciones en progreso (continuous).

Ejemplo:

I read every night. (habit)

I’m reading a new book right now. (in progress)

5. Past Simple (regular and irregular verbs)

Uso: acciones terminadas en un tiempo específico del pasado.

Estructura:

Afirmativa: Sujeto + verbo pasado (–ed o forma irregular)

Negativa: Sujeto + didn’t + verbo base

Interrogativa: Did + sujeto + verbo base?

Ejemplo:

We watched a movie yesterday.

Did you go to school?

6. Past Continuous

Uso: acciones en progreso en un momento específico del pasado.

Estructura:

Afirmativa: Sujeto + was/were + verbo-ing

Negativa: Sujeto + wasn’t/weren’t + verbo-ing

Interrogativa: Was/Were + sujeto + verbo-ing?

Ejemplo:

I was cooking when you called.

Were they sleeping?

7. Be going to (plans and predictions)

Uso: expresar planes futuros decididos o predicciones basadas en evidencia.

Estructura: Sujeto + am/is/are + going to + verbo base

Ejemplo:

I’m going to visit my parents tomorrow.

Look at the clouds! It’s going to rain.

8. Present Continuous for Future Arrangements

Uso: planes ya organizados para el futuro.

Ejemplo:

I’m meeting my friend at 8 PM.

9. Present Perfect (+ yet, just, already)

Uso: experiencias o acciones con conexión al presente.

Estructura: Sujeto + have/has + participio pasado

Ejemplo:

I’ve just finished my homework.

Have you done it yet?

She’s already seen that movie.

10. Present Perfect vs Past Simple

Uso:

Present Perfect: tiempo no específico.

Past Simple: tiempo específico.

Ejemplo:

I’ve been to London. (no dice cuándo)

I went to London last year. (tiempo definido)

11. Will / won’t (predictions)

Uso: predicciones, decisiones espontáneas o promesas.

Estructura: Sujeto + will/won’t + verbo base

Ejemplo:

I think it’ll rain tomorrow.

I won’t forget you.

12. Will / won’t / shall (other uses)

Uso:

Shall: sugerencias u ofrecimientos (principalmente en inglés británico).

Ejemplo:

Shall we go out tonight?

You shall not pass! (futuro formal o enfático)

13. Review of Verb Forms

Uso: repaso general de tiempos verbales: presente, pasado y futuro.

Ejemplo:

I eat (present)

I ate (past)

I will eat (future)

14. Word Order in Questions

Uso: formación correcta de preguntas.

Ejemplos:

Con “be” o “can”: Is she here? / Can you drive?

Con “do/does/did”: Do you work here? / Did they call you?

15. Time Sequencers

Uso: ordenar acciones en narraciones.

Palabras: after that, then, next, later, finally, etc.

Ejemplo:

First we had dinner, then we watched a movie.

16. Connectors

Uso: unir oraciones y mostrar relaciones lógicas.

Palabras: because, so, although, but

Ejemplo:

I was tired, so I went to bed.

Although it rained, we played outside.

17. Defining Relative Clauses (who, which, where)

Uso: agregar información esencial sobre un sustantivo.

Ejemplo:

The person who called you is my teacher.

The place where I was born is beautiful.

18. Something / Anything / Nothing, etc.

Uso: palabras indefinidas.

Ejemplo:

I need something to eat.

I don’t have anything to wear.

There’s nothing in the fridge.

19. Comparative Adjectives and Adverbs

Uso: comparar dos cosas o personas.

Estructura:

Adjetivo corto: –er + than

Adjetivo largo: more + adjetivo + than

Ejemplo:

This book is better than that one.

She runs faster than me.

20. As...as (with adjectives/adverbs)

Uso: comparaciones de igualdad.

Estructura: as + adjetivo/adverbio + as

Ejemplo:

She’s as tall as her brother.

He works as hard as me.

21. Superlatives (+ ever + present perfect)

Uso: expresar el grado máximo.

Estructura:

Adjetivo corto: the + –est

Adjetivo largo: the most + adjetivo

Ejemplo:

This is the best movie I’ve ever seen.

That was the most difficult test I’ve ever taken.

22. Quantifiers

Uso: indicar cantidad.

Palabras: too, too much, too many, (not) enough

Ejemplo:

There are too many people here.

I don’t have enough time.

You eat too much sugar.