Arithmetic operators: exponentiation

Arithmetic operators: exponentiation 

a ** (double asterisk) sign is an exponentiation (power) operator. Its left argument is the  base, its right, the exponent.

Classical mathematics prefers notation with superscripts, just like this: 2^3. Pure text editors don't accept that, so Python uses ** instead, e.g. 2**3

Take a look at our examples in the editor window. 

print(2 ** 3)
print(2 ** 3.)
print(2. ** 3)
print(2. ** 3.)

Note: we've surrounded the double asterisks with spaces in our examples. It's not compulsory, but it improves the readability of the code. 

The examples show a very important feature of virtually all Python  Numerical Operators.

Run the code and look carefully at the results it products. Can you see any regularity here?

Remember: It's possible to formulate the following rules based on this result: 

• when both ** arguments are integers, the result is an integer, too
• when at least one ** argument is a float, the result is a float. too

This is an important distinction to remember.