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* Cancer is the result of changes in cells that leads to uncontrolled growth and

division.

* Benign tumours are growths of abnormal cells which are contained in one area,

usually within a membrane. They do not invade other parts of the body.

* Malignant tumour cells are cancers. They invade neighbouring tissues and spread

to different parts of the body in the blood where they form secondary tumours.

* Scientists have identified lifestyle risk factors for various types of cancer e.g.

smoking and lung cancer, obesity and cancers of the bowel, liver and kidney. U.V.

radiation from the sun can also cause skin cancer.

* Viral infections can also be a risk factors for certain cancers e.g. HPV and cervical

cancer.

* There are also genetic risk factors for some cancers e.g. having certain faulty

genes has shown an increased likelihood of developing breast and ovarian

cancer.