The Chemical Earth

1. The living and non-living components of the Earth contain mixtures

✘ recall the difference between elements, compounds and mixtures in terms of particle theory

what is particle theory and how does it apply to each of these?

✘ recall that compounds are classified into groups based on common chemical characteristics

melting point, boiling point, conductivity, hardness, malleable, ductile, lustre, nature of aqueous solutions formed 

✘ identify that the biosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere contain examples of mixtures of elements and compounds

Biosphere - living organisms on earth

Lithosphere - the earths outer mantle and crust

Hydrosphere - the earths water

Atmosphere - the gases above the earths surface

✘ identify and describe uses of mixtures which are obtained from the Australian environment and which are used without the need for separation procedures

foodstuffs, bio derived materials eg wood, coal, 

✘ explain why the elemental composition of the Earth is fixed in time

composition fixed at time of formation of planet. Some elements deca,y others (He) are lost from the atmosphere. So is the composition really unchanging.

✘ identify and describe procedures that can be used to separate naturally occurring mixtures of:

- solids of different sizes manual separation, mechanical

- solids and liquids decantation

- dissolved solids in liquids evaporation

- liquids distillation ( freezing)

- gases liquefaction, effusion - uranium isotope separation 

✘ assess separation techniques for their suitability in separating examples of earth materials, identifying the differences in properties which enable these separations

element vs compounds, bonding, state, cost (plant, energy), purity of material required

✘ describe situations in which gravimetric analysis supplies useful data for chemists and other scientists

composition of material - material must contain species which are isolable by gravimetric analysis - solubility. Mixture must not be too complex 1. The living and non-living components of the Earth contain mixtures

✘ apply systematic naming of inorganic compounds (binary compounds, hydroxides, acids, salts of acids including the hydrogen salts of diprotic and triprotic acids) as they are introduced in the laboratory

since no guidelines to range of compounds - need summary of rules, common species. Students weak on arrival at University. Care as often non systematic names are the IUPAC names

✘ identify IUPAC names for carbon compounds as they are encountered

IUPAC name and systematic name not always the same. Care and common sense required as some names can be complex. Take note of latter statements on range of nomenclature that must be known in the organic module.