Forebrain, Midbrain, Hindbrain, Brainstem

Forebrain 

• Cerebrum 
  • Contains the corpus callosum which relays info between the two hemispheres 
  • Has sulci and fissures 
• Frontal, temporal, parietal, occipital lobes 

Midbrain

• Also known as the reflex center for visual, auditory, and tactile responses. 
• Hippocampus 
  • Responsible for forming/storing new memories 
• Basal ganglia 
  • ​​​​​​​Made of gray matter 
  • Responsible for voluntary movement 
  • Regulates autonomic movement, posture, muscle tone, and controls motor response 
  • Produces dopamine 
• Amygdala 
  • ​​​​​​​Responsible for emotional and social processing (fear, arousal, and processing of memory)
• Thalamus 
  • ​​​​​​​Relay station for all sensory info 
  • Coordinates sensory perception and movement 
• Hypothalamus 
  • ​​​​​​​Receives and processes info from ANS
  • Assist with homeostasis 
• Subthalamus 
  • ​​​​​​​Regulates voluntary movement in skeletal muscles 
• Epithalamus 
  • ​​​​​​​Secretes melatonin which helps regulation involuntary movement 
  • Circadian rhythms (internal clock, hear beats, etc. 

Hindbrain 

• Cerebellum
  • Responsible for coordination of movements, maintaining posture, and balance through muscle tone and positioning of extremities 
  • Damage to this usually indicates issues on the isilateral side 

Brainstem  

• Pons
  • Regulates breathing rate, orientation of head in relation the sound and vision 
• Medulla oblongata
  • Made up of white matter 
  • Influences ANS with respiratory rate and heart rate
  • Involves with reflexes of vomiting, sneezing, and coughing