Classical Literature

A Summary and Analysis of the Iliad, books 1, 9, 11, 12, 19 and 22

The Iliad 1, 9, 12, 19, 22,  Summary Book 1 The Iliad After Book 1 Book 9 After Book 9 Book 12 After Book 12 Book 19 After Book 19 Book 22      

A Summary and Analysis of the Aeneid, books 1, 9, 11, 19, and 22

The Aeneid Summary Book 1 Book 2 Book 4 Book 6 Book 8 Book 10 Book 11 - Although he's disturbed by the death of Pallas, Aeneas makes offerings to the gods as a sign of thanks for his victory. - He addresses his soldiers. He instructs them to bury the dead, and for Pallas's body be sent back to his father Evander. - He goes to the shelter where Pallas's body is laid out, and weeps at his death. He is especially sad for having failed in his promise to Evander to keep Pallas safe. - When Aeneas gets back to camp, he finds that emissaries from the Latins have come; they ask for a day of truce to bury their dead. - Aeneas is discontent at how the Latins let Turnus turn the Latins against Aeneas and his men - Drances, a Latin elder, speaks up and tells Aeneas that they will get rid of Turnus as an ally and make peace again with the Trojans. The Trojans and Latins decide on a twelve-day truce. - Pallas's funeral reaches the city of the Arcadians. King Evander is overcome with grief and throws himself on his son's body. He gives vent to a lengthy lamentation, saying he wishes he had died instead of his son; he also says that he doesn't blame Aeneas for Pallas's death. - The Trojans then burn their dead and then bury the ashes and bones the days later. - That same day, in the city of the Latins, mothers lament the loss of their sons. Some of them say that they should sever their alliance with Turnus. Drances supports this, but Queen Amata – who still wants Turnus, not Aeneas, as a son-in-law – rejects this - At just this moment, the emissaries, who were sent to the Greek King Diomedes in book 8, come back. The bring the sad news that Diomedes won't join them. - King Latinus wants to hear the full story, so he calls an assembly. Thee emissaries report what Diomedes told them: that he's suffered enough fighting against the Trojans at Troy. He says the Trojans are some mean dudes; the Trojans should take the gifts they were offering him and present them to Aeneas instead. - After hearing the emissaries,, King Latinus addresses the assembly and reveals what he heard from the oracle – that the Trojans are destined to rule in Italy. He says that there is no point in fighting them; the Latins should either join them as a single people, or, if the Trojans choose to leave, they should help them build a fleet. - Then Drances speaks up. He says that Latinus should go a step further and promise his daughter Lavinia in marriage to Aeneas. Then he addresses Turnus, who apparently is present at the meeting. He tells Turnus to renounce his claim to Lavinia's hand. If he still has his heart set on her, then he should man up and face Aeneas in combat. - In reply to him, Turnus says, "You talk big, but I don't see you fighting. As for myself, I killed tons of those Trojans, even when I faced them alone inside their own fort. You think we can't take them in war?" - Then he turns to address Latinus. He tells him that they still have enough allies to fight the Trojans. On the other hand, if it's him alone Aeneas wants to face, he'll be ready. - In the meantime, Aeneas and his army have marched into the plain. A messenger enters the Latin city and alerts the people, who arm for battle. In the assembly, Turnus takes this as proof that peace is useless. He orders his captains to prepare for war. The city is quickly fortified.  - Turnus arms for battle, and is compared to a great stallion breaking free and galloping. When he emerges, he runs into Camilla, the Volscian warrior queen, riding up with her battalions. He is glad to see her, and tells her to engage Aeneas head-on, while he and his men will set an ambush for him in a wooded mountain pass. He tells her that she will have the forces of another guy called Messapus to back her up in the plain. - Up in heaven, Diana, goddess of the hunt, is talking to one of her serving maidens, Opis, explaining how Camilla's...