13027910
Descripción
Test por Maggie Throckmorton, actualizado hace más de 1 año
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Creado por Maggie Throckmorton
hace alrededor de 6 años
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Pregunta 1
Pregunta
As the provider, you are looking at genetic testing for your patient who you have diagnosed with depression. You know that the most noteworthy genes in MDD are (select all that apply):
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MTHFR
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SLC6A4
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BDNF
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ANK3
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CYP2D6
Pregunta 2
Pregunta
Label the 5 major regions of dysfunction in depressed brains.
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Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC)
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Orbital frontal cortex
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Amygdala
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Hippocampus
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Nucleus Accumbens
Pregunta 3
Pregunta
The [blank_start]insula[blank_end] is a structure that sits on top of the caudate-putamen and interacts with amygdala, and plays a major role in the perception of pain.
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insula
Pregunta 4
Pregunta
What functional processes in the brain, exacerbate PAIN in persons with MDD?
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White matter abnormalities
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Decreased volume in the hippocampus and PFC
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Altered regional blood flow
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emotion-related brain activation is shifted to the dorsal anterior insula
Pregunta 5
Pregunta
T or F. The most current Monoamine Hypothesis posits that there are depleted monoamine levels (5HT, NE, DA) and these deficiencies can be measured in the plasma, CSF and brain tissue.
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- True
- False
Pregunta 6
Pregunta
The NT Receptor hypothesis posits that abnormalities in the receptors for monoamine NT's leads to [blank_start]depression[blank_end]. Further, deficient activity of monoanime NT's causes [blank_start]upregulation[blank_end] of postsynaptic NT receptors.
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depression
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upregulation
Pregunta 7
Pregunta
Which important signal conduction cascades are triggered by neurotransmitters?
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Neurotrophin and Hormone linked systems
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BDNF and MTHFR
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G-Protein and Ion Channel Linked Systems (most psychotropic drugs target these systems)
Pregunta 8
Pregunta
In the Second Messenger Malfunction Theory, problems in the [blank_start]2nd[blank_end] messenger system can [blank_start]impair[blank_end] neurotransmitter function [blank_start]without[blank_end] changes in monoamine levels or receptor numbers. This results in a [blank_start]downstream[blank_end] impact on gene expression.
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2nd
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1st
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impair
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increase
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without
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with
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downstream
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upstream
Pregunta 9
Pregunta
Serotonin is a monoamine, specifically an [blank_start]indoleamine[blank_end].
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indoleamine
Pregunta 10
Pregunta
5HT is produced in the [blank_start]raphe[blank_end] nuclei.
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raphe
Pregunta 11
Pregunta
Disruption to the normal connection of serotonergic nuclei to this system, is thought to contribute to depression?
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RAAS
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Limbic System
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Amygdala Pathway
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Second Messenger Monaminergic System
Pregunta 12
Pregunta
Match the monoamine circuit to its function(s):
5HT:
[blank_start]Affect[blank_end]
[blank_start]Anxiety[blank_end]
[blank_start]Distress[blank_end]
[blank_start]Behavioral Inhibition[blank_end]
NE
[blank_start]Arousal[blank_end]
[blank_start]Responsiveness[blank_end]
[blank_start]Alerting Signals[blank_end]
DA
[blank_start]Reward[blank_end]
[blank_start]Interest[blank_end][blank_start]Motivation[blank_end]
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Affect
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Anxiety
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Distress
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Behavioral Inhibition
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Arousal
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Responsiveness
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Alerting Signals
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Reward
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Interest
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Motivation
Pregunta 13
Pregunta
The PMHNP is explaining to her patient the role of 5HT in depression, specifically the "Behavioral Inhibition" system. What is the best explanation of this system below?
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It is linked to pleasure and reward, and this becomes overactive in depression, decreasing inhibition.
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It is linked to the stimulus of the PFC, and subsequently behavioral arousal
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It is tuned to responding to fear or anxiety producing stimuli
Pregunta 14
Pregunta
NE is a monoamine, specifically a [blank_start]catecholamine[blank_end].
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catecholamine
Pregunta 15
Pregunta
NE in the CNS is produced in the [blank_start]nucleus[blank_end] [blank_start]locus[blank_end] [blank_start]ceruleus[blank_end].
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nucleus
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locus
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ceruleus
Pregunta 16
Pregunta
Put the correct statement below:
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NE stimulates the NA, then the PFC and then the VTA
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NE stiumulates the PFC, then the VTA and then the NA
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NE stimulates the VTA, then the PFC and then the NA
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NE stimulates the PFC, then the amygdala and the the NA
Pregunta 17
Pregunta
NE is modulated by which part of the brain?
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PFC
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Nucleus Accumbens
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Locus Coeruleus
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Amygdala
Pregunta 18
Pregunta
Dopamine is a monoamine, specifically a [blank_start]cathecolamine[blank_end].
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catecholamine
Pregunta 19
Pregunta
The [blank_start]mesolimbic[blank_end] pathway is involved in pleasure and reward; stimulation of this pathway results in a sense of pleasure.
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mesolimbic
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mesocortical
Pregunta 20
Pregunta
The [blank_start]mesocortical[blank_end] pathway is involved in motivational behavior, and is tied to pleasure and reward.
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mesocortical
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mesolimbic
Pregunta 21
Pregunta
Monoamine Hypothesis Made Simple for Patient Education-Label the functions with the correct neurotrasmitter.
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Alertness, Energy
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Attention, Motivation, Pleasure, Reward
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Obsessions and Compulsions
Pregunta 22
Pregunta
The most used neurotransmitter in the nervous system is [blank_start]glutamate[blank_end].
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glutamate
Pregunta 23
Pregunta
What is the MOA of ketamine, and the reason why it may be useful in the treatment of depression?
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It activates glutamate in the limbic system, mitigating the resulting dysfunction in the balance of glutamate receptor activation
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It blocks the excitatory post synaptic response of glutamate.
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NMDA is one of the main receptors for glutamate, and ketamine is an NMDA receptor blocker.
Pregunta 24
Pregunta
Label the HPA Axis diagram sequentially with the correct parts of the brain:
Image:
Hpa (binary/octet-stream)
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Hypothalamus
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Anterior Pituitary
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Adrenal Cortex
Pregunta 25
Pregunta
Chronic exposure to stress & high levels of [blank_start]glucocorticoids[blank_end] leads to neuronal atrophy and death.
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glucocorticoids
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cytokeines
Pregunta 26
Pregunta
T of F. One of the effects of chronic stress is decreased neurogenesis and hippocampal atrophy.
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- True
- False
Pregunta 27
Pregunta
Cytokines can (select all that apply):
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Induce changes in mood and CNS function
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impact neurotrasmitter metabolism
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can cross the blood-brain barrier to have neurotoxic effects causing neuronal death
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Cause psyhcosis
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Play a not yet fully understood role in OCD
Pregunta 28
Pregunta
Two the likely risk genes in Bipolar are the [blank_start]CACNA1C[blank_end] and [blank_start]ANK3.[blank_end]
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CACNA1C
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SLC6A4
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ANK3.
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BDNF
Pregunta 29
Pregunta
T or F. Genes = Probabilism not determinism.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 30
Pregunta
In bipolar disorder, there is thought to be decreased size and activity in the [blank_start]PFC[blank_end] (use the abbreviation) and [blank_start]limbic[blank_end] hyperactivity.
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PFC
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limbic
Pregunta 31
Pregunta
In bipolar disorder, hippocampus volume is [blank_start]decreased[blank_end].
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decreased
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increased
Pregunta 32
Pregunta
In mania frontal activity is most [blank_start]decreased[blank_end] and limbic activity is most [blank_start]increased.[blank_end]
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decreased
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increased.
Pregunta 33
Pregunta
In bipolar mania, which neurotransmitter have greater activity (select all that apply)?
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NE
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5HT
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DA
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GABA
Pregunta 34
Pregunta
What is the Kindling Theory of Bipolar?
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Your brain is like a slow, burning pile of smoldering sticks
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Easily combustible small sticks or twigs used for starting a fire.
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A process by which a brain event is both initiated and its recurrence made more likely. Essentially more vulnerable to future episodes.
Pregunta 35
Pregunta
This is a nice graphic for neurocircuitry of depression
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 36
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- True
- False
Pregunta 37
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- True
- False
Pregunta 38
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- True
- False
Pregunta 39
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- True
- False
Pregunta 40
Pregunta
Last one...there were just so many helpful charts out there!
Image:
Neur2 (binary/octet-stream)
Respuesta
- True
- False
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