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Lecture 2 - updated - glomerular filtration

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- Renal physiology Test sobre Lecture 2 - updated - glomerular filtration, creado por Alannah McDonnell el 05/04/2018.
Alannah McDonnell
Test por Alannah McDonnell, actualizado hace más de 1 año
Alannah McDonnell
Creado por Alannah McDonnell hace más de 7 años
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Resumen del Recurso

Pregunta 1

Pregunta
What is the filtration barrier formed by?
Respuesta
  • fenestrated vascular endothelium
  • basement membrane
  • podocytes separated by slits
  • organocytes
  • endometrium

Pregunta 2

Pregunta
What is the basement membrane of the filtration barrier formed by?
Respuesta
  • proteins such as collagen
  • proteins such as laminin
  • extracellular matrix proteins such as negatively charged heparan sulfate proteoglycans
  • starchy carbohydrates
  • endometrium

Pregunta 3

Pregunta
What does the basement membrane of the filtration barrier provide?
Respuesta
  • a charge barrier
  • a source of energy
  • a microphalange
  • urine

Pregunta 4

Pregunta
What type of function does the basement membrane of the filtration barrier have?
Respuesta
  • a sieving function
  • a saving function
  • a blocking function
  • a stimulating function
  • a reduction function

Pregunta 5

Pregunta
Determinants of glomerular filtration. [blank_start]Jv[blank_end] = [blank_start]k[blank_end] x [blank_start]S[blank_end]( Δ [blank_start]P[blank_end] - Δ [blank_start]Π[blank_end] )
Respuesta
  • Jv
  • k
  • S
  • P
  • Π

Pregunta 6

Pregunta
In the determinants of glomerular filtration formula, Jv =
Respuesta
  • flux
  • hydraulic conductivity
  • hydraulic pressure
  • surface area

Pregunta 7

Pregunta
In the determinants of glomerular filtration formula, k =
Respuesta
  • flux
  • hydraulic conductivity
  • hydraulic pressure
  • surface area
  • gradient

Pregunta 8

Pregunta
In the determinants of glomerular filtration formula, S =
Respuesta
  • surface area
  • flux
  • oncotic pressure
  • gradient
  • hydraulic pressure

Pregunta 9

Pregunta
In the determinants of glomerular filtration formula, P =
Respuesta
  • hydraulic pressure
  • oncotic pressure
  • hydraulic conductivity
  • flux

Pregunta 10

Pregunta
In the determinants of glomerular filtration formula, Π =
Respuesta
  • oncotic pressure
  • flux
  • hydraulic pressure
  • surface area
  • hydraulic conductivity

Pregunta 11

Pregunta
Hydraulic conductivity is defined as the [blank_start]flux[blank_end] of [blank_start]water[blank_end] ([blank_start]and small solutes[blank_end]) per unit [blank_start]time[blank_end] for a defined [blank_start]pressure[blank_end] gradient and [blank_start]surface[blank_end] area.
Respuesta
  • flux
  • water
  • and small solutes
  • time
  • pressure
  • surface

Pregunta 12

Pregunta
The hydraulic conductivity of the glomerular capillary wall is _________ fold higher than other capillaries.
Respuesta
  • 40 - 50
  • 90-100
  • 10-20
  • 5-6
  • 20-25

Pregunta 13

Pregunta
Glomerular capillaries work at _____ pressures than other capillaries
Respuesta
  • higher
  • lower
  • the same

Pregunta 14

Pregunta
Hydrostatic pressure in glomerular capillaries is relatively _________
Respuesta
  • constant
  • variable

Pregunta 15

Pregunta
Colloid oncotic pressure ________ in the glomerular capillaries
Respuesta
  • increases
  • decreases
  • stays constant

Pregunta 16

Pregunta
label the pressures
Image:
Untitled (binary/octet-stream)
Respuesta
  • Glomerular capillary pressure
  • colloid oncotic pressure
  • bowman's space pressure
  • net filtration pressure

Pregunta 17

Pregunta
What controls Glomerular Capillary Pressure?
Respuesta
  • relative resistances of Afferent Arteriole and Efferent Arteriole
  • relative blood flow of Afferent Arteriole and Efferent Arteriole
  • space in the glomerulus
  • amount of urine produced

Pregunta 18

Pregunta
What controls resistances of afferent arteriole and efferent arteriole?
Respuesta
  • neural and hormonal inputs
  • glomerular capillary pressure
  • blood flow
  • vaso constriction and dilation

Pregunta 19

Pregunta
What affect does changes in resistance of the afferent arteriole and efferent arteriole have?
Image:
Untitled (binary/octet-stream)
Respuesta
  • lower than if equal resistances
  • higher than if equal resistances
  • equal to if equal resistances

Pregunta 20

Pregunta
Why is it so important to control and maintain the Glomerular Capillary Pressure constant?
Respuesta
  • to ensure GFR is constant
  • to avoid excess unnecessary urine being made
  • to avoid pain
  • to maintain an equal level of hormones

Pregunta 21

Pregunta
Which graph relates to afferent arteriole constriction and which relates to efferent arteriole constriction?
Image:
Untitled (binary/octet-stream)
Respuesta
  • afferent arteriole constriction
  • efferent arteriole constriction

Pregunta 22

Pregunta
A 25% increase in mean arterial blood pressure will cause a ____% increase in GFR and a loss of __L per day.
Respuesta
  • 25%, 40L
  • 50%, 80L
  • 75%, 100L
  • 2.5%, 4L

Pregunta 23

Pregunta
What are the 3 important mechanisms in regulating GFR?
Respuesta
  • renin-angiotensin system
  • autoregulation
  • sympathetic nerves
  • sodium-water system
  • reduction of blood volume by osmosis

Pregunta 24

Pregunta
The movement of any molecule across the filtration membrane is measured by its [blank_start]flux[blank_end]
Respuesta
  • flux
  • hydraulic conductivity
  • speed
  • molecular weight
  • oncotic pressure

Pregunta 25

Pregunta
Hydraulic conductivity is very _____ in glomerular capillaries
Respuesta
  • high
  • low
  • changeable
  • constant
  • annoying

Pregunta 26

Pregunta
Hydrostatic pressure gradient is the gradient acting ....
Respuesta
  • between the inside and outside of the capillary and bowmans space.
  • between the glomerulus and afferent arteriole
  • between the efferent and afferent arteriole
  • between the inside and outside of the capillary
  • between the inside and outside of bowmans space.

Pregunta 27

Pregunta
Kf in relation to GFR is...
Respuesta
  • ultrafiltration coefficient
  • net ultrafiltration pressure
  • net friction along capillary walls
  • hydrostatic pressure.

Pregunta 28

Pregunta
Label
Image:
Mobile upload (image/jpeg)
Respuesta
  • other
  • glomerular
  • capillary hydrostatic pressure
  • filtration pressure equilibrium
  • capillary colloid osmotic pressure
  • glomerular capillaries

Pregunta 29

Pregunta
Label
Image:
Mobile upload (image/jpeg)
Respuesta
  • glomerular capillary hydrostatic pressure
  • Bowman’s space oncotic pressure
  • Bowman’s space hydrostatic pressure
  • glomerular capillary oncotic pressure
  • efferent arteriole
  • afferent arteriole

Pregunta 30

Pregunta
There is net filtration along the entire length of the glomerular capillaries
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 31

Pregunta
Net filtration pressure = [blank_start]glomerular capillary pressure[blank_end] - ( [blank_start]colloid oncotic pressure[blank_end] + [blank_start]Bowman’s space pressure[blank_end] )
Respuesta
  • glomerular capillary pressure
  • colloid oncotic pressure
  • Bowman’s space pressure

Pregunta 32

Pregunta
Label grr regulation graph
Image:
Mobile upload (image/jpeg)
Respuesta
  • autoregulation range
  • relative vascular resistance
  • GFR
  • RPF

Pregunta 33

Pregunta
Label
Image:
Mobile upload (image/jpeg)
Respuesta
  • renal corpuscle
  • renal sympathetic nerve
  • afferent arteriole
  • juxtaglomerular cells
  • macula densa
  • efferent arteriole

Pregunta 34

Pregunta
Granular juxtamedullary cells are...
Respuesta
  • Located in afferent arteriole
  • Store and secrete renin
  • Their effects result in angiotensin 2 formation
  • Decrease sodium absorption

Pregunta 35

Pregunta
The granular juxtamedullary cells ...
Respuesta
  • Directly increase total PR
  • Directly increase systemic blood pressure
  • Indirectly increase sodium reabsorption
  • Indirectly increase potassium secretion
  • Indirectly increase ECF volume
  • Secrete ADH

Pregunta 36

Pregunta
Auto-regulation of GFR ... [blank_start]increased stretch in afferent[blank_end] —-> [blank_start]afferent contraction[blank_end] —> [blank_start]decreased pressure [blank_end]—> [blank_start]no change in GFR[blank_end]
Respuesta
  • increased stretch in afferent
  • afferent contraction
  • decreased pressure
  • no change in GFR

Pregunta 37

Pregunta
Fill in flow chart...
Image:
Mobile upload (image/jpeg)
Respuesta
  • up fluid delivery sensed by macula densa
  • ATP
  • afferent contraction
  • decreased pressure
  • decreased GFR
  • decreased fluid flow
  • GFR Returns to normal

Pregunta 38

Pregunta
The macula densa senses fluid flow in the tubule
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 39

Pregunta
Label
Image:
Mobile upload (image/jpeg)
Respuesta
  • fight or flight reaction
  • cardiovascular shock
  • increased sympathetic activity
  • vasoconstriction
  • AA and EA constricts
  • decreased RPF
  • decreased GFR

Pregunta 40

Pregunta
Alport's syndrome is ...
Respuesta
  • hereditary glomerulonephritis
  • due to mutations in the collagen chains of the glomerular basement membrane
  • a pathological condition
  • an inability to process proteins

Pregunta 41

Pregunta
Which of these are protein elements that can be found in the glomerular basement membrane?
Respuesta
  • laminin
  • nidogen
  • entactin

Pregunta 42

Pregunta
Which of these are true about the endothelial cell surface layer?
Respuesta
  • aka ESL
  • seems to be a rather thick negatively charged structure
  • most likely contributes to the high permselectivity of the glomerular wall
  • is found on the luminal side of blood vessel walls
  • it is never found in venules

Pregunta 43

Pregunta
Small molecular weight neutral solutes have concentrations in the filtrate equal to those in plasma, this means they are freely filtered.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False
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