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MD33 Vaccines II

Mer Scott 6 preguntas

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Preguntas del test (6)

  1. 1Components of a vaccine:
    • Antigen – provides [blank_start]disease specificity[blank_end]
    • Adjuvant – provides [blank_start]potency[blank_end]
    • [blank_start]Formulation/Delivery[blank_end] system – does everything else
    1. Adisease specificity
    2. Bpotency
    3. CFormulation/Delivery
  2. 2Adjuvants function to:
    • [blank_start]Enhance[blank_end] immune responses
    • Increase [blank_start]immunogenicity[blank_end] of weak antigens
    • Decrease [blank_start]amount of antigen[blank_end] required
    • Modulate [blank_start]type[blank_end] of response - Th1, Th2, CD8
    1. AEnhance
    2. Bimmunogenicity
    3. Camount of antigen
    4. Dtype
  3. 3Types of adjuvants –
    1. Mineral salts e.g. [blank_start]alum[blank_end]
    2. Bacterial products
    • Bacterial [blank_start]toxins[blank_end] (de-toxified) - e.g. cholera toxin for mucosal vaccines, IgA
    • Pathogen-associated molecular patterns ([blank_start]PAMP[blank_end]) e.g. MPL
    3. Natural products/mediators
    a. Heterologous
    • [blank_start]plants/animals[blank_end] - triterpenoid glycosides (saponins, QS21)
    b. Autologous
    • Immune regulatory [blank_start]cytokines/chemokines[blank_end] e.g.IL-2, IL-12,IFN
    -> increase ability of [blank_start]immunocompromised[blank_end] individuals to respond to vaccine
    -> have systemic toxicity, short half-life, are [blank_start]expensive[blank_end]
    -> can we incorporate into a delivery system?
    1. Aalum
    2. Btoxins
    3. CPAMP
    4. Dplants/animals
    5. Ecytokines/chemokines
    6. Fimmunocompromised
    7. Gexpensive
  4. 4Delivery systems - Nanoparticles:
    - Protect antigen and adjuvant, [blank_start]synchronize[blank_end] delivery
    - Modify spatial and temporal [blank_start]distribution[blank_end]
    Can be:
    • [blank_start]Biological[blank_end] – living and dead: GE vector bacteria, viruses, VLP, bacterial ghosts
    • [blank_start]Synthetic[blank_end] - Lipid based (liposomes, emulsions) or polymer based (natural & synthetic)
    1. Asynchronize
    2. Bdistribution
    3. CBiological
    4. DSynthetic
  5. 5Depots can provide [blank_start]sustained[blank_end] release, can be loaded with antigen & adjuvant or nanoparticles (containing antigen & adjuvant), and can be [blank_start]stimuli[blank_end] responsive.
    Types:
    • Alum - non-crystalline [blank_start]gels[blank_end], safe, not suitable for stimulating cellular ([blank_start]CD8[blank_end]) responses
    • Emulsions - oil & water (O/W, W/O, W/O/W) & can include [blank_start]nanoparticles[blank_end]
    • Hydrogels - networks of cross linked [blank_start]polymers[blank_end] (natural eg chitosan or synthetic eg poloxamer) & can include nanoparticles.
    1. Asustained
    2. Bstimuli
    3. Cgels
    4. DCD8
    5. Enanoparticles
    6. Fpolymers
  6. 6Needle-free delivery would be ideal for vaccines, but is presently only possible for pathogens that [blank_start]naturally[blank_end] infect the GIT. Barriers include:
    • [blank_start]Physical[blank_end] barriers
    • [blank_start]Anti-microbial[blank_end] defenses
    • [blank_start]Tolerogenic[blank_end] immune processes
    • Poor [blank_start]bioavailability[blank_end]
    1. Anaturally
    2. BPhysical
    3. CAnti-microbial
    4. DTolerogenic
    5. Ebioavailability

Información

Descripción
(Medicines) PHCY211 Test sobre MD33 Vaccines II, creado por Mer Scott el 27/05/2018.
Idioma
English
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