16401735
Descripción
Test por Matthew Coulson, actualizado hace más de 1 año
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Creado por Matthew Coulson
hace más de 5 años
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Pregunta 1
Pregunta
Breast Carcinoma is considered to be which type of carcinoma?
Respuesta
-
Adenocarcinoma
-
Basal cell carcinoma
-
Squamous cell carcinoma
-
Transitional cell carcinoma
Pregunta 2
Pregunta
Breast Adenocarcinoma commonly occurs in the epithelial cells of which breast structure?
Respuesta
-
Terminal Duct Lobular Units
-
Lactiferous Ducts
-
Areola
-
Lactiferous Sinus
-
Breast Vascular Tissues
Pregunta 3
Pregunta
A carcinoma which hasn't yet breached basement membrane is known as an [blank_start]in situ[blank_end] carcinoma
A carcinoma which has breached the basement membrane is known as an [blank_start]invasive[blank_end] carcinoma
Respuesta
-
in situ
-
invasive
Pregunta 4
Pregunta
Lobular neoplasias:
[blank_start]Lobular Carcinoma in situ[blank_end] = >50% of lobule involved
[blank_start]Atypical Lobular Hyperplasia[blank_end] = <50% of lobule involved
[blank_start]Invasive Carcinoma[blank_end] = Typically >50% of lobule involved & breach of basement membrane
Respuesta
-
Invasive Carcinoma
-
Atypical Lobular Hyperplasia
-
Lobular Carcinoma in situ
-
Atypical Lobular Hypertrophy
Pregunta 5
Pregunta
Lobular neoplasms typically grow in response to which hormone?
[blank_start]Oestrogen[blank_end]
Respuesta
-
Oestrogen
Pregunta 6
Pregunta
The red dots show tumours in a breast. Which shows a multifocal cancer and which shows a multicentric cancer?
Respuesta
-
multifocal
-
multicentric
Pregunta 7
Pregunta
Description of a Lobular In Situ Neoplasia:
Frequently [blank_start]multifocal[blank_end] and [blank_start]bilateral[blank_end]
Incidence [blank_start]decreases[blank_end] following menopause
[blank_start]Is not[blank_end] typically palpable
Usually [blank_start]incidental[blank_end] finding
Respuesta
-
multifocal
-
multicentric
-
unifocal
-
bilateral
-
unilateral
-
decreases
-
increases
-
Is not
-
Is
-
incidental
-
non-incidental
Pregunta 8
Pregunta
How are lobular neoplasms typically managed?
Respuesta
-
Excision following diagnosis
-
Reassurance and watchful waiting
Pregunta 9
Pregunta
A woman has a routine mammography scan conducted as part of the breast screening program. Three small lesions are noticed in the upper outer quadrant of her right breast. If you were to suggest a biopsy of these lesions, which 2 of the following might you consider?
Respuesta
-
Core Needle Biopsy
-
Vacuum Needle Biopsy
-
Fine Needle Aspiration
-
Immediate Surgical Excision of Lesions
Pregunta 10
Pregunta
In which breast structures do Ductal Carcinoma In Situ originate?
Respuesta
-
Terminal Duct Lobular Unit
-
Lactiferous Duct
-
Lactiferous Sinus
-
Sub-areolar structures
-
Breast Vasculature
Pregunta 11
Pregunta
Ductal carcinoma in situ is typically [blank_start]unicentric (affects single duct system)[blank_end]
Respuesta
-
unicentric (affects single duct system)
-
multicentric (multiple duct systems)
Pregunta 12
Pregunta
[blank_start]Ductal Carcinoma in situ[blank_end] = Confined within the basement membrane of the duct
[blank_start]Invasive Ductal Carcinoma[blank_end] = Breached the basement membrane of the duct
Respuesta
-
Invasive Ductal Carcinoma
-
Ductal Carcinoma in situ
Pregunta 13
Pregunta
Observe the picture. Which condition are you worried about in this woman?
[blank_start]Paget's Disease[blank_end] of the breast
Respuesta
-
Paget's Disease
Pregunta 14
Pregunta
Paget's Disease of the Breast is typically indicative of an underlying [blank_start]Ductal Carcinoma In Situ[blank_end]
Respuesta
-
Ductal Carcinoma In Situ
-
Invasive Ductal Carcinoma
Pregunta 15
Pregunta
Which of the following are typical signs of Paget's Disease of the Breast?
Respuesta
-
Involuted nipple
-
Straw-coloured/bloody discharge from nipple
-
Burning pain sensation in nipple
-
Eczema on the nipple
-
Low hanging breast on affected side
Pregunta 16
Pregunta
In the case of high grade ductal neoplasms such as DCIS, growth of the tumour can outpace the development of the blood supply thus leading to the entire duct becoming plugged with cancerous cells which typically become necrosed. This is known as [blank_start]comedo[blank_end] necrosis.
Respuesta
-
comedo
Pregunta 17
Pregunta
How is Ductal Carcinoma In Situ typically managed?
Respuesta
-
Surgical excision +/- radiotherapy
-
Reassurance & watchful waiting
-
Core Needle/Vacuum Biopsy to exclude invasive carcinoma then radiotherapy only
Pregunta 18
Pregunta
Which structure is breached in invasive carcinomas?
The [blank_start]Basement membrane[blank_end]
Respuesta
-
Basement membrane
Pregunta 19
Pregunta
Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in females
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 20
Pregunta
Which cancer most commonly affects males?
[blank_start]Prostate[blank_end] cancer
Respuesta
-
Prostate
Pregunta 21
Pregunta
Having a child which a woman subsequently breast feeds significantly reduces her risk of developing breast cancer at a later age.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 22
Pregunta
Nulliparous women are less likely to develop breast cancer
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 23
Pregunta
Risk Factors for Breast Cancer Development:
[blank_start]Early[blank_end] menarche
[blank_start]Late[blank_end] menopause
Respuesta
-
Late
-
Early
-
Early
-
Late
Pregunta 24
Pregunta
Hormone therapies such as HRT and the Oral Contraceptive Pill have negligible effects on the risk of breast cancer development
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 25
Pregunta
Women in Western Europe have the highest incidence of breast cancer of any geographical region in the world.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 26
Pregunta
Which of the following has a greater impact on the risk of breast cancer development?
Respuesta
-
Cigarette Smoking
-
High Alcohol Consumption
Pregunta 27
Pregunta
Which genetic mutations are the most common indicators of breast cancer risk in women?
[blank_start]BRCA[blank_end] mutations 1 and 2
Respuesta
-
BRCA
-
BCRF
-
BCAG
Pregunta 28
Pregunta
Statistically, 1 in every [blank_start]8[blank_end] women will develop breast cancer at some point in their lifetime.
Respuesta
-
8
-
6
-
12
-
20
Pregunta 29
Pregunta
Which of the following is the most common invasive breast carcinoma?
Respuesta
-
Ductal
-
Lobular
-
Tubular
-
Mucinous
-
Medullary
Pregunta 30
Pregunta
Which of the following is the second most common invasive breast carcinoma?
Respuesta
-
Ductal
-
Lobular
-
Mucinous
-
Tubular
-
Medullary
Pregunta 31
Pregunta
Which lymph nodes do breast carcinomas typically metastasize to?
Respuesta
-
Axillary
-
Para-aortic
-
Abdominal
-
Internal Mammary
-
Supraclavicular
Pregunta 32
Pregunta
The [blank_start]sentinel[blank_end] lymph node is the hypothetical first lymph node or group of nodes in which a tumour drains.
Respuesta
-
sentinel
Pregunta 33
Pregunta
The more hormone receptors an invasive carcinoma has, the better its prognosis.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 34
Pregunta
In terms of hormone receptors, 80% of invasive breast carcinomas are positive for [blank_start]oestrogen[blank_end] receptors and 67% are positive for [blank_start]progesterone[blank_end] receptors
Respuesta
-
progesterone
-
oestrogen
Pregunta 35
Pregunta
[blank_start]Tamoxifen[blank_end] is an anti-oestrogen prodrug which when given gives rise to compounds which act as oestrogen receptor antagonists, thus preventing the growth and proliferation of cancer cells.
Respuesta
-
Tamoxifen
Pregunta 36
Pregunta
Tamoxifen should not be given to those with non-invasive breast cancer (e.g. DCIS)
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 37
Pregunta
The primary treatment for invasive breast cancers such as Invasive Ductal Carcinoma is hormone adjuvant therapy
Respuesta
- True
- False
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