1788925
Descripción
Test por kariramirez49, actualizado hace más de 1 año
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Creado por kariramirez49
hace más de 9 años
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Pregunta 1
Pregunta
The changing environment hypothesis states that-
Respuesta
-
Sexual reproduction increases the fitness of the organism through genetic diversity
-
Asexual reproduction is better than sexual reproduction
-
Asexual reproduction needs a sperm and an egg
-
Sexual reproduction is important because we like it
Pregunta 2
Pregunta
In all mammalian cells, signal transduction occurs when-
Respuesta
-
A growing number of proteins or enzymes become activated in the cytoplasm
-
More ligands are exported by the cell through protein synthesis
-
Many different genes are expressed in another cell type
-
The cell becomes larger and divides, but commits apoptosis
Pregunta 3
Pregunta
The creation specialized cells from progenitor cells is called-
Respuesta
-
induced pluripotency
-
multipotency
-
differentiation
-
transdifferentitation
Pregunta 4
Pregunta
________________is a process that allows cells like the immune cells to engulf large materials from the extracellular environment.
Respuesta
-
Exocytosis
-
Phagocytosis
-
Autocrine
-
Pinocytosis
Pregunta 5
Pregunta
In our class discussion, mistakes in meiosis could result in trisomy 21 resulting in Down's syndrome. Which neurological disorder that causes amyloid plaques in the brain is somewhat related to Down Syndrome?
Respuesta
-
Parkinson's disease
-
Alzheimer's disease
-
Huntington's disease
-
Stroke
Pregunta 6
Pregunta
A molecule (peptide or hormone) that binds to a cell surface protein of a cells such as liver, kidney, brain, or immune cell is called a -
Respuesta
-
Receptor
-
Phospholipid
-
Nucleic acid
-
Ligand
Pregunta 7
Pregunta
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) means-
Respuesta
-
The stem cells could differentiate into any cell types of the three germ layers
-
The stem cells cannot become a specialized cell
-
The stem cells could become a tumor
-
The stem cells were artificially created from embryonic cells
Pregunta 8
Pregunta
An enzyme is a protein that functions to __________ of a reaction without changing Gibb's free energy (ΔG).
Respuesta
-
Increases the activation energy
-
Inactivate the potential energy
-
Decreases the activation energy
-
Activate the potential energy
Pregunta 9
Pregunta
During Interphase, the cells can either be preparing for cell division or performing its normal function. At what stage does the cell duplicate or copy its chromosomes?
Respuesta
-
S phase
-
G1 phase
-
G2 phase
-
G0 phase
Pregunta 10
Pregunta
Which of the following statements about the sodium-potassium ATPase pump is false?
Respuesta
-
The pump moves cations by the process of passive diffusion
-
The concentration gradient of the ions created by the pump has potential energy
-
ATP hydrolysis provides the energy for the pump to transport ions against their concentration gradients
-
Potassium ions are pumped into the cell, and sodium ions are pumped out of the cell
Pregunta 11
Pregunta
During the Prophase stage of animal cell mitosis, the following events start to happen-
Respuesta
-
Chromosome replication and formation of sister chromatids
-
Chromosomal alignment at the metaphase plate
-
Chromosomal condensation and mitotic spindle formation
-
Nuclear envelope degradation and mitotic spindle formation
Pregunta 12
Pregunta
At the M phase of the animal cell cycle, what does the final checkpoint determine?
Respuesta
-
That the chromosomes are not damaged
-
That the chromosomes are attached tot he kinetochore
-
That the organelles are complete
-
That the cytoplasm is full and nutrients are available
Pregunta 13
Pregunta
At the end of mitosis, the daughter cells are considered _______________, while after meiosis they become _______________.
Respuesta
-
Diploid; Haploid
-
Diploid; Aneuploid
-
Haploid; Diploid
-
Haploid; Aneuploid
Pregunta 14
Pregunta
The chromosomal location where a kinetochore would attach during prometaphase is known as-
Respuesta
-
Telomere
-
Centriole
-
Cytokinesis
-
Centromere
Pregunta 15
Pregunta
Embryonic stem cells that are cultured by researchers were originally taken from the ______________ of the embryo.
Respuesta
-
zygote
-
gastrula
-
blastocyst
-
inner cell mass
Pregunta 16
Pregunta
Eukaryotic flagellum moves with the help of ---
Respuesta
-
microtubules and Dynein
-
Kinesin and microtubules
-
Kinesin and actin
-
Dynein and actin
Pregunta 17
Pregunta
What cellular organelle allows cells such as the immune cells to digest pathogens?
Respuesta
-
Nucleus
-
Lysosome
-
Proteasome
-
Peroxisome
Pregunta 18
Pregunta
An intrinsic property common to all stem cells is-
Respuesta
-
Self-renewal
-
Tumorigenic
-
Antigenic
-
Immunogenic
Pregunta 19
Pregunta
Which of the following cannot be used as a final electron acceptor in anaerobic respiration
Respuesta
-
sulfate
-
iron (III)
-
nitrate
-
water
Pregunta 20
Pregunta
Which process yields the most ATP?
Respuesta
-
aerobic respiration
-
alcohol fermentation
-
anaerobic respiration
-
lactic acid fermentation
Pregunta 21
Pregunta
Which statement regarding obligate anaerobes is true?
Respuesta
-
They can survive in the presence or absence of oxygen
-
They require oxygen to survive
-
They cannot survive in the presence of oxygen.
-
They require carbon dioxide to survive.
Pregunta 22
Pregunta
Which of the following compounds is most likely to accumulate in cells during a bout of strenuous exercise?
Respuesta
-
lactic acid
-
ATP
-
NAD+
-
alcohol
Pregunta 23
Pregunta
Which of the following occurs during the Calvin cycle?
Respuesta
-
Carbon is reduced and NADH is oxidized
-
Carbon is oxidized and NADP+ is reduced
-
Water is reduced and oxygen is oxidized
-
Carbon is reduced and NADPH is oxidized
Pregunta 24
Pregunta
What gives leaves their green color?
Respuesta
-
carbon dioxide
-
sunlight
-
chloroform
-
chlorophyll
Pregunta 25
Pregunta
In which of these locations can photosynthesis take place?
Respuesta
-
hydrothermal vents
-
nucleus
-
chloroplast
-
mitochondria
Pregunta 26
Pregunta
Which of the following terms refers tot he photosynthetic reactions that produce ATP and NADPH?
Respuesta
-
light-dependent reactions
-
green reactions
-
oxidative reactions
-
Calvin cycle
Pregunta 27
Pregunta
Why do the leaves of most plants appear green?
Respuesta
-
The atmosphere filters out all colors of visible wavelengths except green.
-
Green light is the least absorbed wavelength by the chlorophyll pigments
-
Green light is the most efficient wavelength on the action spectrum of most plants
-
None of the answers are correct
Pregunta 28
Pregunta
Which of the following molecules is the ultimate source of electrons for the electron transport chain in the light-dependent reactions?
Respuesta
-
NADPH
-
ATP
-
NADP+
-
H2O
Pregunta 29
Pregunta
Which of the following is/are substrate(s) of RuBisCo?
Respuesta
-
oxygen and carbon dioxide
-
oxygen only
-
carbon dioxide only
-
nitrogen and carbon dioxide
Pregunta 30
Pregunta
Under favorable environmental conditions, how do most prokaryotes reproduce?
Respuesta
-
Meiosis
-
Mitosis
-
Budding
-
Binary fission
Pregunta 31
Pregunta
What is the role of centrosomes in mitosis?
Respuesta
-
holding together the two sister chromatids
-
organizing the microtubules that form the mitotic spindle
-
acting as an attachment point between microtubules and chromosomes
-
proofreading DNA
Pregunta 32
Pregunta
What is the end product of both binary fission and mitosis?
Respuesta
-
two daughter cells identical to the parent cell
-
four daughter cells identical to the parent cell
-
one cell carrying additional chromosomes imported from an engulfed cell
-
four daughter cells, each with half of the parent cell's chromosomes
Pregunta 33
Pregunta
Why is deletion of p53 genes damaging to an organism?
Respuesta
-
p53 genes encode kinases necessary for cell cycle control
-
Without p53, cells stop proliferating and enter G0
-
The p53 protein pauses the cell cycle for repairs when necessary
-
The p53 protein promotes cell proliferation.
Pregunta 34
Pregunta
What is the difference between benign and malignant tumors?
Respuesta
-
Benign tumors don't require surgery
-
Benign tumors exhibit density dependence; malignant tumors do not.
-
Malignant tumors metastasize; benign tumors do not.
-
Only malignant tumors have undergone transformation
Pregunta 35
Pregunta
What is the basic function of the various types of kinases active in the cell cylce control system?
Respuesta
-
to phosphorylate proteins
-
to prevent oxidation
-
to synthesize vitamin D
-
to transcribe tumor suppressor genes
Pregunta 36
Pregunta
Which cell cycle phase are most cells of the human body in most of the time?
Respuesta
-
G0
-
G1
-
G2
-
S
Pregunta 37
Pregunta
Which of the following is/are an example of an intrinsic trigger for apoptosis?
Respuesta
-
damaged DNA only
-
mitochondrial damage only
-
a ligand binding to the death receptor
-
both damaged DNA and mitochondrial damage
Pregunta 38
Pregunta
Which of the following is NOT a step in apoptosis in animal cells?
Respuesta
-
The cytosol leaks out of the cell
-
The cell membrane forms blebs
-
The cell detaches itself from the surrounding cells
-
DNA fragments and Caspases digest their target proteins
Pregunta 39
Pregunta
Complete the following sentence: When a tissue is injured by a toxin and cells die, followed by immune system stimulation, this process is called ____________________
Respuesta
-
programmed cell death
-
necrosis
-
a caspase activation cascade
-
apoptosis
Pregunta 40
Pregunta
How many chromosomes are there in a human sperm?
Respuesta
-
23
-
46
-
92
-
13
Pregunta 41
Pregunta
How are sexual and asexual reproduction alike?
Respuesta
-
They both require two parents
-
Meiosis is necessary in both to complete the reproductive cycle
-
They are both only seen in plants
-
They can both occur in multicellular organisms
Pregunta 42
Pregunta
Which one of the following is NOT the purpose of meiosis?
Respuesta
-
production of eggs
-
production of sperm
-
halving the number of chromosomes
-
multiplication of somatic cells
Pregunta 43
Pregunta
If a sperm cell contains eight chromosomes, it was produced from an animal that had ______ chromosomes?
Respuesta
-
4
-
16
-
24
-
8
Pregunta 44
Pregunta
Complete the following sentence: Changes in an organism's DNA result in changes of the expression of _____________________.
Respuesta
-
RNA
-
Chromosomes
-
Centrosomes
-
genes
Pregunta 45
Pregunta
In Down syndrome, and individual receives three copies of chromosome 21 when he or she should only have received two. Which term describes this error in meiosis?
Respuesta
-
random fertilization
-
non-disjunction
-
crossing over
-
genetic diversity
Pregunta 46
Pregunta
Describe how independent assortment during meiosis increases genetic variation?
Respuesta
-
The random arrangement of chromosomes during metaphase I creates gametes that are genetically unique from one another
-
Recombinant chromosomes are created, resulting in chromosomes that are genetically dissimilar from the parent's chromosomes
-
The male and female gametes that meet are random
-
The male and female gametes always have different numbers of chromosomes
Pregunta 47
Pregunta
A(n) ____________ may be homozygous or heterozygous, whereas a(n) _______________ may be described as dominant or recessive.
Respuesta
-
gene, trait
-
genotype, phenotype
-
allele, gene
-
gene, allele
Pregunta 48
Pregunta
If a homozygous dominant plant is crossed with a homozygous recessive plant, what proportion of offspring would be homozygous?
Respuesta
-
1/4
-
3/4
-
1/2
-
0
Pregunta 49
Pregunta
What result showed up in the F1 generation of Mendel's first monohybrid crosses that countered prevailing ideas about inheritance?
Respuesta
-
The plants could not breed to produce viable offspring
-
All the plants looked like just one of the parents
-
All the plants looked like both of the parents
-
The parents did not breed true.
Pregunta 50
Pregunta
In pea plants, yellow pea color (Y) is dominant to green pea color (y). A pea plant produces yellow peas. What is/are the possible genotype(s) of this plant?
Respuesta
-
YY
-
Yy
-
yy
-
either Yy or YY
Pregunta 51
Pregunta
In pea plants, yellow pea color (Y) is dominant to green pea color (y). A pea plant produces green peas. What is/are the possible genotype(s) of this plant?
Respuesta
-
YY
-
Yy
-
yy
-
either Yy or YY
Pregunta 52
Pregunta
What type of genetic cross can demonstrate both the principles of segregation and independent assortment?
Respuesta
-
a dihybrid cross
-
a monohybrid cross
-
a cross between two purebred organisms for a single gene
-
a self-fertilization in a flowering plant
Pregunta 53
Pregunta
Sickle-cell anemia is a chronic disease in humans caused by a mutation in the gene for hemogoblin. People homozygous for this mutation periodically experience pain when their misshappen red blood cells get stuck in blood vessels. If both parents carry the mutation but do not show symptoms of sickle cell anemia, what is the probability that their child will NOT carry the mutation?
Respuesta
-
1/2
-
1/3
-
1/4
-
3/4
Pregunta 54
Pregunta
Why does crossing true-breeding red and white snapdragons result in pink offspring?
Respuesta
-
The allele that codes for the red pigment trait has incomplete dominance
-
The alleles that code for the red and white trait are on the same chromosome
-
Parents' traits blend in their offspring
-
The allele that codes for the white color trait prevents expression of the gene that codes for the red color trait
Pregunta 55
Pregunta
Which of these inheritance patterns involves interaction of more than one gene?
Respuesta
-
Codminance
-
Pleiotropy
-
Environmental effects
-
Epistasis
Pregunta 56
Pregunta
What happens in overdominance?
Respuesta
-
The hybrid has a more extreme phenotype than either parent
-
Both participating alleles show an additive effect on the phenotype
-
One gene has multiple phenotypic effects
-
One gene prevents the other from exerting any effect
Pregunta 57
Pregunta
Hemophilia A is a recessive X-linked genetic disorder. A healthy woman known to not carry the hemophilia allele has four sons and four daughters wht a man with hemophilia A. What proportion of her children would be expected to suffer from hemophilia A?
Respuesta
-
half of the sons and all of the daughters
-
none of the sons or daughters
-
all of the daughters and none of the sons
-
all of the sons and daughters
Pregunta 58
Pregunta
Hemophilia A is a recessive X-linked genetic disorder. A woman with hemophilia A has several sons and daughters with a healthy man. On average, what proportion of her children would be expected to suffer from hemophilia A?
Respuesta
-
half of the sons and all of the daughters
-
half of the sons and daughters
-
all of the daughters and none of the sons
-
all of the sons and none of the daughters
Pregunta 59
Pregunta
In humans, height is determined by a number of factors, and it exists along a continuum and not as discrete quantities. Which term describes this phenomenon?
Respuesta
-
polygenic inheritance
-
pleiotropy
-
overdominance
-
incomplete dominance
Pregunta 60
Pregunta
What is the likelihood that a boy has an autosomal recessive genetic disease if both of his parents are carriers for the gene?
Respuesta
-
0%
-
100%
-
75%
-
25%
Pregunta 61
Pregunta
A student researcher cultures stem cells in a petridish. The student replaced the culture medium with a solution that makes the cells self-renew. After replacing the medium, the student checked using a microscope how the cells are doing. Much to the student's surprise, all the cells have become big and some have lysed. The student suspected that the culture medium is -
Respuesta
-
Hydrotonic solution
-
Isotonic solution
-
Hypertonic solution
-
Hypotonic solution
Pregunta 62
Pregunta
Which of the following molecules must move across the nuclear membrane (envelope) after being synthesized from a DNA sequence and is then translated by a ribosome?
Respuesta
-
mRNA
-
DNA
-
tRNA
-
protein
Pregunta 63
Pregunta
The purpose of the start codon is to serve as a staring point for ______________
Respuesta
-
transcription
-
making nucleotides
-
condensation
-
translation
Pregunta 64
Pregunta
In animal cells, actin filaments are responsible for the formation of cleavage furrow. In plants, vesicles are formed in the middle of the dividing cell that is known as the-
Respuesta
-
cell furrow
-
cell bone
-
cell plate
-
cell stroma
Pregunta 65
Pregunta
The DNA sequence template of the RNA base sequence 5'-AUUGUACGGUAGCUAU-3' is-
Respuesta
-
5'-ATGACGGTAGCTAT-3'
-
5'-AUGACGGUAGCUAU-3'
-
5'-ATTGAACGGTAGCTAT-3'
-
5'-ATTGTACGGTAGCTAT-3'
Pregunta 66
Pregunta
The cytoskeletal protein associated with splitting two identical cells during cell division is-
Respuesta
-
Centromere
-
Intermediate filament
-
Actin
-
Microtubule
Pregunta 67
Pregunta
Recombination during meiosis can only happen upon formation of -
Respuesta
-
synaptonemal complex
-
synaptic complex
-
synaptotagmin complex
-
centromere
Pregunta 68
Pregunta
During the cell cycle (mitosis), the term describing the process of separation and creation of two identical cells is -
Respuesta
-
Metaphase
-
Anaphase
-
Telophase
-
Cytokinesis
Pregunta 69
Pregunta
_________________ and ________________ compromise the mitosis promoting factor responsible for controlling the cell cycle.
Respuesta
-
Cysteine; cysteine-dependent phosphatase
-
Cyclin; cyclin-dependent kinase
-
Cytosine; cyclin-dependent kinase
-
Cyclin; cysteine-dependent kinase
Pregunta 70
Pregunta
Refer to the figure above. What bases will be added to the primer as DNA replication proceeds? The bases should appear in the order that they will be added starting at the 5' end of the new strand
Respuesta
-
T, C, T, G, C, T, G
-
A, G, A, C, G, A, C
-
A, G, A, C, A, G, C
-
A, G, A, G, T, C, T
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