Test
PMU - Year 1 Physics - Part 4(B)
Preguntas del test (46)
1Most effective imaging method for detection of bone metastases is:
- AEchography
- BSPECT
- CRoentgenography
2Radionuclide technetium-99m (99mTc) is used for:
- ARadiotherapy
- B"In Vivo" radionuclide diagnostic
- CActive medium for laser generation
3SPECT diagnostics method is based on:
- AUltrasound
- BLaser Radiation
- CRadiopharmaceuticals
4Radiopharmaceuticals are:
- ASealed-radioactive sources
- BChemical compounds containing radioactive nuclides
- CContrast substances used in Roentgen diagnostics
5Collimation stage in SPECT:
- AProvides spatial resolution
- BReduces radiation load on pateints
- CReduces the cost of diagnostic examination
6NaI crystals routinly used in gamma cameras:
- AAre between 6 and 12mm thick
- BHave high photoelectric absorption at 140 KeV
- CConvert about 5% of absorbed energy into light
- DHave an intrinsic resolution of several mm
- EAll of the above
7Select the INCORRECT answer. "The eluate of technetium-99m generator can be used for a limited time, only in the day of elution, because:
- AThe activity of 99mTc in the eluate must be much greater than the activity its daughter nuclide technetium-99
- BTo meet the requirements for radionuclide purity
- CThe eluate must be sterile
8Radionuclide purity means:
- AThe radiopharaceutical does not contain chemical impurities
- BThe radiopharaceutical does not contain radionuclides other than the labeled
- CBoth A and B
9Iofetamine (123I) is a radiopharaceutical drug used in cerebral blood perfusion imaging with SPECT. What is the final product of 123I decay chain?
- AAlpha
- BBeta-plus
- CBeta-minus
- DGamma
10Which of the following three effects is used in PET:
- APhotoelectric absorption
- BCompton scattering
- CElectron-positron annihilation
11PET apparatus is set up to detect:
- APhotons emitted in transitions from metastable to stable energy states
- BElectron and positron particles, formed near radionuclides in patients body
- CPhotons emitted from annihilation (e- + e+) and radiated simultaneously in opposite directions
12Which imaging diagnostic method use electron-positron annihilation?
- APET
- BEchography
- CCT
- DRoentgenoscopy
13Patients radiation load in PET is considerably lower compared to SPECT because:
- APET does not use collimators
- BAnnihilation radiation in PET has a relatively high energy
- CPET uses beta-plus radionuclides
14Positron emission involves the ejection of:
- AAn alpha-particle
- BA beta-minus particle
- CA beta-plus particle
- DA proton and neutron
15Which type of radioactivity is related to PET diagnostics:
- ABeta-plus
- BBeta-minus
- CAlpha
16Dosimetry unit defined only for photon radiations and only for interaction in air:
- AEffective dose
- BEquivalent dose
- CExposure
- DAbsorbed dose
17Exposure (dosimetric quanitity) is defined for:
- AAll ionising radiation and all matter
- BCharged particles in water
- CPhoton radiations to energy below 3 MeV in air
- DPhoton radiations of all energies acting in air
18Kerma (Kinetic energy released in matter) is defined for:
- AAll ionising radiation
- BPhotons and neutrons
- COnly photon radiation
- DCharged particles
19Which of the following is defined as Kerma (K) of ionising radiation:
- AEnergy / Mass
- BCharge / Mass
- CEnergy / Time
20Universal dosimetric unit defined for all types of radiation and absorption media:
- AExposure
- BAbsorbed dose
- CTotal electrical charge in a volume of substance
21The correct units of absorbed dose are:
- AJ/kg, called Gy
- BC/kg
- CJ/kg called Sv
22Which of the following refers to the effective dose rate:
- AEffective dose/Mass
- BEffective dose/Time
- CEffective dose/Volume
23Which of the following refers to the Kema rate:
- ACharge / Time
- BEnergy / Time
- CK / Time
24Tissue weighting factor (wt) account for the radio-biological effect of:
- AType of energy of radiation
- BSpecific radio-sensitivity of tissues and organs
- CRadiation exposure time
25Radiation weighting factor (wr) accounts for the radio-biological effect of:
- ARadiation exposure time:
- BType and energy of radiation
- CSpecific radio-sensitivity of tissues and organs
26Which radiation detectors is used for the calibration of both Linear accelerator and Cobolt units used in radiation therapy
- ASemi-conducting and scintillation
- BPhotographic
- CIonization chamber
- DChemical
27Thermoluminescence dosimeter (TLD) are used for radiation exposure measurements of:
- AStaff personnel
- BIn Vivo dosimetry (during irradiation)
- CIn phantom dosimetry (using phantom for treatment plane verification)
- DAll of the above
28Which detectors are used as dosimeters for medical personnel (More than one answer)
- AScintillation detectors
- BFilm badge (photographic) dosimeters
- CTLD (Thermoluminescent dosimeters)
- DChemical dosimeters
2960Co used in radiotherapy, has approx half-life T1/2 of:
- A5 min
- B5 h
- C5 a
30X-ray tubes made for therapeutic applications have a stationary anode, which x-ray tubes used for diagnostics have a rotating anode. Why is that?
- ATherapeutic x-ray tubes do not require high resolution
- BTherapeutic x-ray tubes have higher efficiency and generate less heat
- CTherapeutic x-ray rubes have lower efficiency and target has a greater area
- DAll of the above
31Radiation dose reaches a maximum near the skin surface for:
- A60Co gamma ray
- BLinac, Electron mode of operation
- CLinac, Photon mode of operation
32Radiation dose peaks at maximum depth for treatment with:
- ACobalt units
- BLinac, photon mode of operation
- CLinac, Electron mode of operation
33Percent depth dose (PDD) is:
- AThe ratio between two absorption doses
- BThe difference between two absorption doses
- CThe sum between two absorption doses
34For which type of radiation the term skin-sparing effect is not applicable:
- AGamma rays
- BHigh energy photon beams (from Linac)
- CHigh energy electron beams (from Linac)
35Radionuclide used for radiotherapy of thyroid cancer:
- ATechnetium - 99m (99mTc)
- BIodine-131 (131I)
- CIodine-123 (123I)
36What radionuclide delivery methods are used in brachytherapy
- ASealed (encapsulated)
- BUnsealed (soluble)
- CBoth A and B
37BNCT therapy is a method used:
- A10B and a low energy photon beam
- B10B and a low energy proton beam
- C10B and a low energy neutron beam
38Which two imaging methods do not expose patients to radiation risk:
- ARoentgenography and echography
- BRadionuclides for in vivo diagnostics and x-ray imaging
- CEchography and Magnetic-resonance tomography
- DMagnetic-resonance tomography and PET
39Monitoring and measuring a persons exposure to radiation is called:
- ADensitometry
- BPersonal dosimetry
- CSensitometry
40The primary purpose for using personal monitoring is to:
- AProtect the radiographer
- BCalculate the total radiation a radiographer delivers
- CMonitor radiographers repeat rate
- DMonitor radiographers occupational exposure
41Which type of ionizing radiation will have the LEAST biological effect:
- AAlpha particles
- BFast neutrons
- CProtons
- DDiagnostic x-ray
42Consider teletherapy (external beam radiotherapy) with medical accelerator (Linac) and cobalt-60 unit. Which is the MOST significant difference bewteen the two methods, regarding radiation protection:
- ALinac can generate higher energy radiation
- BServicing colbalt-60 unit takes more time
- CLinac produces radiation only when switched on and cobalt-60 unit generates radiation at all times.
43What is the SIGNIFICANT difference between sealed and unsealed radiation sources used in radiotherapy:
- ASealed sources have higher activity
- BUnsealed sources have longer half-life
- CUnsealed sources take part in the body metabolism
44Iodine-131 is used in thyroid cancer therapy, but it is undesirable for diagnostic purposes. Why is that?
- AThe half-life of iodine-131 is too long
- BEmits beta and gamma radiation (radiation exposure to pt is greater)
- CEmits gamma rays with several energy
45In nuclear medicine, what is the significant difference between "in vivo" and "In vitro" radionuclide based investigations:
- A"In vitro" investigations do not require highly qualified personnel
- B"In vitro" investigations do not expose PT's to radiation
- CBoth A and B
46In November 2006, former KGB spy Alexander Litvinenko fell suddenly ill. He died in London's University College Hospital, leaving doctors puzzled over the cause of death. It was later determined he had ingested the radionuclide polonium-210. Given that (prior to the autopsy), radiation was undetectable out of Litvinenko's body, what was the type of radioactive decay?
- AAlpha particles
- BBeta particles
- CGamma Rays
Información
- Descripción
- All Questions uploaded word for word from MCQ book. All Credit to Authors. Mistakes due in process may have been made, use and check your work at your own discretion. Only simple writing allowed, i.e Superscript and Subscript absent. Questions missed due to Figure/Diagrams/Text:114
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