20134169
Pregunta 1
Pregunta
Difficult to operationally define at it is partly shaped by societal and cultural norms.
Respuesta
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Aggression (p. 471-472)
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Biosocial Theoretical Positions (p. 476)
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Frustration-aggression hypothesis (p. 477)
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Learning by vicarious experience (p. 479)
Pregunta 2
Pregunta
What are some proposed definitions for aggression?
Respuesta
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Behaviour resulting in personal injury or destruction of property
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Behaviour intended to harm another of the same species
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Intentional infliction of some form of harm on others
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Desire to give all your love and affection to the dog instead of the friends you are visiting
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Eating all of the chocolate
Pregunta 3
Pregunta
Defines a theorietical term in a way that allows it to be manipulated.
Respuesta
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Operational definition (p. 472)
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Evolutionary social psychology (p. 475-476)
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Modelling (p. 480)
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Script (p. 480)
Pregunta 4
Pregunta
Innate drive or impulse, genetically transmitted.
Respuesta
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Instinct (p. 474)
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Modelling (p. 480)
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Relative deprivation (p. 493)
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Disinhibition (p. 488)
Pregunta 5
Pregunta
Innate death instinct.
Respuesta
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Thanatos (p. 422)
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Fighting instinct (p. 475)
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Frustration-aggression hypothesis (p. 477)
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Excitation-transfer model (p. 477)
Pregunta 6
Pregunta
Behaviour is genetically determined and is controlled by natural selection.
Respuesta
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Ethology (p. 474)
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Evolutionary social psychology (p. 475-476)
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Biosocial Theoretical Positions (p. 476)
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Social learning theory (p. 478)
Pregunta 7
Pregunta
What are two compentents that contribute towards ethology?
Respuesta
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Releasers (p. 474)
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Fighting instinct (p. 475)
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Script (p. 480)
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Modelling (p. 480)
Pregunta 8
Pregunta
Specific stimuli in the environment thought by ethologists to trigger aggressive responses.
Respuesta
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Releasers (p. 474)
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Instinct (p. 474)
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Modelling (p. 480)
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Script (p. 480)
Pregunta 9
Pregunta
An extension of evolutionary psychology that views complex social behaviour as adaptive, helping the individual, kin and the species as a while to survive.
Respuesta
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Fighting instinct (p. 475)
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Releasers (p. 474)
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Thanatos (p. 422)
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Instinct (p. 474)
Pregunta 10
Pregunta
An extension of evolutionary psychology that views complex social behaviour as adaptive, helping the individual, kin and the species as a whole to survive.
Respuesta
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Evolutionary social psychology (p. 475-476)
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Biosocial Theoretical Positions (p. 476)
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Social learning theory (p. 478)
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Attachment styles (p. 483)
Pregunta 11
Pregunta
In the context of aggression, theories that emphasise an innate component, though not the existence of a full-blown instinct.
Respuesta
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Biosocial Theoretical Positions (p. 476)
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Social learning theory (p. 478)
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Realistic conflict theory (p. 422)
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General Aggression Model (p. 492)
Pregunta 12
Pregunta
Through the biosocial theories view of instinct, what concepts share this view?
Respuesta
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Frustration-aggression hypothesis (p. 477)
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Excitation-transfer model (p. 477)
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Learning by direct experience (p. 479)
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Realistic conflict theory (p. 422)
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Sexual selection theory (p. 484)
Pregunta 13
Pregunta
Theory that all frustration leads to aggression, and all aggression comes from frustration. Used to explain prejudice and intergroup aggression.
Respuesta
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Frustration-aggression hypothesis (p. 477)
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Excitation-transfer model (p. 477)
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Sociocultural theory (p. 484)
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Cathartic hypothesis (p. 484)
Pregunta 14
Pregunta
The expression of aggression is a function of learnt behaviour, some excitation from another source, and the person’s interpretation of the arousal state.
Respuesta
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Excitation-transfer model (p. 477)
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Frustration-aggression hypothesis (p. 477)
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Social learning theory (p. 478)
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Realistic conflict theory (p. 422)
Pregunta 15
Pregunta
The view championed by Bandura that human social behaviour is not innate but learnt from appropriate models.
Respuesta
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Social learning theory (p. 478)
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Biosocial Theoretical Positions (p. 476)
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Realistic conflict theory (p. 422)
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Sexual selection theory (p. 484)
Pregunta 16
Pregunta
Components of Social learning theory.
Respuesta
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Learning by direct experience (p. 479)
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Learning by vicarious experience (p. 479)
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Relative deprivation (p. 493)
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Attachment styles (p. 483)
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Type A personality (p. 483)
Pregunta 17
Pregunta
Acquiring a behaviour because we were rewarded for it.
Respuesta
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Learning by direct experience (p. 479)
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Learning by vicarious experience (p. 479)
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Script (p. 480)
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Hormones (p. 483-484)
Pregunta 18
Pregunta
Acquiring a behaviour after observing that another person was rewarded for it.
Respuesta
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Learning by vicarious experience (p. 479)
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Learning by direct experience (p. 479)
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Excitation-transfer model (p. 477)
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Script (p. 480)
Pregunta 19
Pregunta
Tendency for a person to reproduce the actions, attitudes and emotional responses exhibited by a real-life or symbolic model. Also called observational learning.
Respuesta
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Modelling (p. 480)
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Script (p. 480)
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Gender and socialisation (p. 484)
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Disinhibition (p. 488)
Pregunta 20
Pregunta
A schema about an event.
Respuesta
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Script (p. 480)
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Instinct (p. 474)
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Ethology (p. 474)
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Personality
Pregunta 21
Pregunta
A sense of having less than we feel entitled to.
Respuesta
-
Relative deprivation (p. 493)
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Realistic conflict theory (p. 422)
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Type A personality (p. 483)
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Dehumanisation (p. 488)
Pregunta 22
Pregunta
Sherif’s theory of intergroup conflict that explains intergroup behaviour in terms of the nature of goal relations between groups.
Respuesta
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Realistic conflict theory (p. 422)
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Social learning theory (p. 478)
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Biosocial Theoretical Positions (p. 476)
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Sociocultural theory (p. 484)
Pregunta 23
Pregunta
Descriptions of the nature of people’s close relationships, thought to be established in childhood.
Respuesta
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Attachment styles (p. 483)
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Hormones (p. 483-484)
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Catharsis (p. 484-486)
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Collective aggression (p. 488)
Pregunta 24
Pregunta
The ‘coronary-prone’ personality – a behavioural correlate of heart disease characterised by striving to achieve, time urgency, competitiveness and hostility.
Respuesta
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Type A personality (p. 483)
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Alcohol (p. 486-488)
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Deindividuation (p. 488)
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Dehumanisation (p. 488)
Pregunta 25
Pregunta
Psychological gender differences are determined by individuals’ adaptations to restrictions based on their gender in their society. Also called social role theory.
Respuesta
-
Sociocultural theory (p. 484)
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Sexual selection theory (p. 484)
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Cathartic hypothesis (p. 484)
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General Aggression Model (p. 492)
Pregunta 26
Pregunta
Sex differences in behaviour are determined by evolutionary history rather than society.
Respuesta
-
Sexual selection theory (p. 484)
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Sociocultural theory (p. 484)
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Realistic conflict theory (p. 422)
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Social learning theory (p. 478)
Pregunta 27
Pregunta
A dramatic release of pent-up feelings: the idea that aggressive motivation is ‘drained’ by acting against a frustrating object (or substitute), or by a vicarious experience.
Respuesta
-
Catharsis (p. 484-486)
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Cathartic hypothesis (p. 484)
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General Aggression Model (p. 492)
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Interpersonal aggression
Pregunta 28
Pregunta
The notion that acting aggressively, or even just viewing aggressive material, reduces feelings of anger and aggression.
Respuesta
-
Cathartic hypothesis (p. 484)
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Catharsis (p. 484-486)
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Type A personality (p. 483)
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Collective aggression (p. 488)
Pregunta 29
Pregunta
A breakdown in the learnt controls (social mores) against behaving impulsively or, in this context, aggressively. For some people, alcohol has a disinhibiting effect.
Respuesta
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Disinhibition (p. 488)
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Deindividuation (p. 488)
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Dehumanisation (p. 488)
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Desensitisation (p. 497)
Pregunta 30
Pregunta
Process whereby people lose their sense of socialised individual identity and engage in unsocialised, often antisocial, behaviours.
Respuesta
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Deindividuation (p. 488)
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Disinhibition (p. 488)
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Dehumanisation (p. 488)
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Desensitisation (p. 497)
Pregunta 31
Pregunta
Stripping people of their dignity and humanity.
Respuesta
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Dehumanisation (p. 488)
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Deindividuation (p. 488)
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Disinhibition (p. 488)
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Desensitisation (p. 497)
Pregunta 32
Pregunta
Unified aggression by a group of individuals, who may not even know one another, against another individual or group.
Respuesta
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Collective aggression (p. 488)
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Cultural variation
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Interpersonal aggression
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Institutionalised aggression (p. 507)
Pregunta 33
Pregunta
Sex-stereotypical attributes of a person.
Respuesta
-
Gender (p. 494)
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Cultural norms (p. 494)
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Hormones (p. 483-484)
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Personality
Pregunta 34
Pregunta
What contributes towards cultural variation of aggression?
Respuesta
-
Cultural norms (p. 494)
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Culture of honour (p. 495-496)
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Subculture of violence (p. 496)
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Machismo (p. 496)
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Domestic violence (p. 503)
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Crowding (p. 490-491)
Pregunta 35
Pregunta
Norms whose origin is part of the tradition of a culture.
Respuesta
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Cultural norms (p. 494)
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Culture of honour (p. 495-496)
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Subculture of violence (p. 496)
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Machismo (p. 496)
Pregunta 36
Pregunta
A culture that endorses male violence as a way of addressing threats to social reputation or economic position.
Respuesta
-
Culture of honour (p. 495-496)
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Subculture of violence (p. 496)
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Machismo (p. 496)
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Cultural norms (p. 494)
Pregunta 37
Pregunta
A subgroup of society in which a higher level of violence is accepted as the norm.
Respuesta
-
Subculture of violence (p. 496)
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Machismo (p. 496)
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Cultural norms (p. 494)
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Culture of honour (p. 495-496)
Pregunta 38
Pregunta
A code in which challenges, abuse and even differences of opinion must be met with fists or other weapons.
Respuesta
-
Machismo (p. 496)
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Subculture of violence (p. 496)
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Culture of honour (p. 495-496)
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Cultural norms (p. 494)
Pregunta 39
Pregunta
A serious reduction in a person’s responsiveness to material that usually evokes a strong emotional reaction, such as violence or sexuality.
Respuesta
-
Desensitisation (p. 497)
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Disinhibition (p. 488)
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Deindividuation (p. 488)
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Dehumanisation (p. 488)
Pregunta 40
Pregunta
Anderson’s model that includes both personal and situational factors, and cognitive and affective processes in accounting for different kinds of aggression.
Respuesta
-
General Aggression Model (p. 492)
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Institutionalised aggression (p. 507)
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Realistic conflict theory (p. 422)
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Biosocial Theoretical Positions (p. 476)
Pregunta 41
Pregunta
Aggression that is given formal or informal recognition and social legitimacy by being incorporated into rules and norms.
Respuesta
-
Institutionalised aggression (p. 507)
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Interpersonal aggression
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Intergroup conflict
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Mass media (p. 497)
Pregunta 42
Pregunta
What profressions are considered to use instutionalised aggression?
Respuesta
-
National defence
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Police
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Psychologists
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Sport
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Massage therapist
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Dentist
Pregunta 43
Pregunta
How do we reduce aggression in families?
Respuesta
-
Not rewarding acts of violence
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Rewarding non-aggressive behaviour
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Avoiding punishing behaviour
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Transference
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Catharsis
Pregunta 44
Pregunta
How do we reduce aggression at an interpersonal level?
Respuesta
-
Behaviour modification techniques
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Assertiveness training
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Social skills training
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Non-aggressive modelling
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Bobo the clown
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Acting in a passive aggressive manner towards others
Pregunta 45
Pregunta
How do we reduce aggression at a societal level?
Respuesta
-
Political decisions / laws
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Peace studies
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Community will
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Education
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Road rage
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Barking loudly at every stranger we see
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