20432575
Descripción
Test por Eleanor garvey, actualizado hace más de 1 año
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Creado por Eleanor garvey
hace más de 4 años
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Pregunta 1
Pregunta
24. Which one of the following neurotransmitters is not associated with the inhibition of aggressive behavior?
Respuesta
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A. Dopamine
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B. Norepinephrine
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C. Serotonin
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D. γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA)
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E. Glycine
Pregunta 2
Pregunta
41. Glutamate is not:
Respuesta
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One of the two major amino acid neurotransmitters
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An inhibitory neurotransmitter
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Involved in learning and memory
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The primary neurotransmitter in cerebellar granule cells
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A precursor of GABA
Pregunta 3
Pregunta
46. Which one of the following statements is true regarding neurotransmitters and anxiety?
Respuesta
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GABA has nothing to do with anxiety
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GABA, norepinephrine, and serotonin are associated with anxiety in some way
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Dopamine, glutamate, and histamine are associated with anxiety in some way
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Only acetylcholine is associated with anxiety
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Anxiety can be treated with injection of epinephrine
Pregunta 4
Pregunta
93. A 25-year-old man is brought to see you because of a change in personality following a boating accident. He fell off of
his boat and landed head first on the dock. He was previously friendly, happy, and high-functioning. Now his speech is
pressured and his mood is labile. He has been irresponsible at work and has been fired from his job. His memory is intact.
Which one of the following brain areas did he damage?
Respuesta
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Temporal lobe
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Occipital lobe
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Basal ganglia
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Substantia nigra
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Frontal lobe
Pregunta 5
Pregunta
97. Which one of the following brain areas is characteristically serotonergic?
Respuesta
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Ventral tegmental area
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Substantia nigra
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Nucleus accumbens
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Cerebellum
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Raphe nuclei
Pregunta 6
Pregunta
99. A patient comes into the emergency room high on cocaine. Which one of the following brain regions would you expect to
be most active in terms of the reward he is experiencing from the drug?
Respuesta
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Neocortex
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Substantia nigra
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Nucleus accumbens
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Locus ceruleus
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Raphe nuclei
Pregunta 7
Pregunta
3. Which one of the following statements is not true regarding receptors?
Respuesta
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Seven-transmembrane-domain receptors require G proteins to open ion channels
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In the ligand-gated ion channel receptor, the channel is built into the complex that binds the ligand
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Seven-transmembrane-domain receptors have an external NH(2) terminal end and an intracellular COOH terminal end
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Nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) bind to seven-transmembrane domain-receptors
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Hormones may diffuse into the cell and bind cytoplasmic receptors, which leads to influence over gene expression
Pregunta 8
Pregunta
33. Which of the following is true regarding norepinephrine (NE) and/or the locus ceruleus?
Respuesta
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NE is synthesized in the locus ceruleus
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Dopamine is synthesized in the locus ceruleus, NE in the dorsal raphe nuclei
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Acetylcholine is synthesized with NE in the substantia nigra
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5-HT is synthesized in the locus ceruleus
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The locus ceruleus is the site of the formation of serotonin
Pregunta 9
Pregunta
35. Which one of the following receptor types is associated with weight gain and sedation?
Respuesta
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5-HT 2A
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α1
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5-HT 1A
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H1
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M1
Pregunta 10
Pregunta
37. Which of the following is not a biogenic amine neurotransmitter?
Respuesta
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Dopamine
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γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA)
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Epinephrine
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Acetylcholine
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Serotonin
Pregunta 11
Pregunta
44. Melatonin is a neuronal hormone that promotes sleep and is produced in the brain by the:
Respuesta
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Pineal gland
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Anterior pituitary gland
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Posterior pituitary gland
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Hypothalamus
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Thalamus
Pregunta 12
Pregunta
91. Which one of the following is not a second messenger?
Respuesta
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Adenylyl cyclase
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cGMP
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Ca2+
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cAMP
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Inositol triphosphate (IP3)
Pregunta 13
Pregunta
95. Which one of the following receptor subtypes is associated with the neurotransmitter glutamate?
Respuesta
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Nicotinic
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Muscarinic
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α1
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α-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA)
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GABA
Pregunta 14
Pregunta
97. Which one of the following statements is true regarding excitatory neurotransmitters?
Respuesta
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They open anion channels that depolarize the cell membrane and increase the likelihood of generating an action potential
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They open cation channels that hyperpolarize the cell membrane and increase the likelihood of generating an action potential
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They open cation channels that hyperpolarize the cell membrane and decrease the likelihood of generating an action potential
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They open anion channels that hyperpolarize the cell membrane and decrease the likelihood of generating an action potential
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They open cation channels that depolarize the cell membrane and increase the likelihood of generating an action potential
Pregunta 15
Pregunta
117. Which one of the following statements is not true regarding chemical signaling between neurons?
Respuesta
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Neurotransmitter synthesis may be stimulated by influx of Ca2+
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NE-releasing neurons have presynaptic α receptors, which are involved in a negative feedback system to stop NE release
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Once dopamine is released into the synaptic cleft it works until it diffuses away or is removed by reuptake mechanisms
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Exocytosis is the process by which neurotransmitter storage vesicles release their contents into the synaptic cleft
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Monoamine oxidase type B (MAO-B) metabolizes NE and serotonin
Pregunta 16
Pregunta
125. Which one of the following ions uses the second ion channel to open during an action potential, acts as a second messenger once in the neuron, activates the release of neurotransmitter, and activates ion channels that allow for influx of other ions that halt the action potential?
Respuesta
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Na+
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K+
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Cl−
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Ca2+
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IP(3)
Pregunta 17
Pregunta
127. Which one of the following statements is true regarding inhibitory neurotransmitters?
Respuesta
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They open chloride channels that depolarize the cell membrane and increase the likelihood of an action potential
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They open cation channels that depolarize the cell membrane and increase the likelihood of an action potential
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They open chloride channels that hyperpolarize the cell membrane and increase the likelihood of an action potential
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They open chloride channels that hyperpolarize the cell membrane and decrease the likelihood of an action potential
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They open potassium channels that depolarize the cell membrane and decrease the likelihood of an action potential
Pregunta 18
Pregunta
13. Which one of the following neurotransmitters works as an adjunctive neurotransmitter for glutamate as well as an independent neurotransmitter with its own receptors?
Respuesta
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GABA
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Norepinephrine
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Serotonin
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Dopamine
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Glycine
Pregunta 19
Pregunta
29. Which one of the following neurotransmitters has large numbers of receptors in the spinal cord, is synthesized primarily from serine, and has been the subject of research involving negative symptom reduction in schizophrenia?
Respuesta
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GABA
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Glycine
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Serotonin
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Dopamine
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Glutamate
Pregunta 20
Pregunta
69. Which one of the following brain structures’ dopaminergic neurons have been linked with Tourette’s syndrome and the development of tics?
Respuesta
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Caudate
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Substantia nigra
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Amygdaloid body
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Frontal cortex
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Hippocampus
Pregunta 21
Pregunta
80. Alcohol, benzodiazepine sedative-hypnotic agents, and barbiturates all predominantly exert their clinical effects on the brain at which one of the following receptor sites?
Respuesta
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Cholinergic nicotinic
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NMDA
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Glycine
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GABA-A
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GABA-B
Pregunta 22
Pregunta
81. An elderly man comes into his doctor’s office with symptoms of dementia and notable loss of executive functioning. Dysfunction of which one of the following brain regions would be most closely associated with the patient’s loss of executive
functioning?
Respuesta
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Caudate nucleus
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Putamen
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Globus pallidus
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Frontal lobes
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Temporal lobes
Pregunta 23
Pregunta
93. Which one of the following dopaminergic pathways or areas is associated with the antipsychotic effects of the antipsychotic medications?
Respuesta
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Nigrostriatal pathway
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Mesolimbic–mesocortical pathway
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Tuberoinfundibular pathway
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Caudate nucleus
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Amygdaloid body
Pregunta 24
Pregunta
3. Which one of the following is true regarding norepinephrine (NE) and/or the locus ceruleus?
Respuesta
-
NE is synthesized in the locus ceruleus
-
Dopamine is synthesized in the locus ceruleus, NE in the dorsal raphe nuclei
-
Acetylcholine is synthesized with NE in the substantia nigra
-
γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is synthesized in the locus ceruleus
-
The locus ceruleus is the site of formation of serotonin
Pregunta 25
Pregunta
25. The highest rate of synapse formation in the brain takes place during which one of the following time periods?
Respuesta
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Adolescence
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Weeks 32 to 35 of gestation
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Weeks 13 to 26 of gestation
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Within the first 6 weeks of gestation
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As a toddler
Pregunta 26
Pregunta
41. Which one of the following receptor subtypes is associated with the neurotransmitter glutamate?
Respuesta
-
Nicotinic
-
Muscarinic
-
α1
-
α-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA)
-
GABA
Pregunta 27
Pregunta
71. Which one of the following is not true regarding the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor?
Respuesta
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The NMDA receptor has been linked with learning and memory
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The NMDA receptor allows for the passage of potassium only
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The NMDA receptor opens only when it has bound two molecules of glutamate and one molecule of glycine
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The NMDA receptor can be blocked by physiological concentrations of magnesium
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The NMDA receptor can be blocked by PCP
Pregunta 28
Pregunta
76. Emotional memory localizes to the:
Respuesta
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Amygdala
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Hippocampus
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Primary auditory cortex
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Nucleus basalis of Meynert
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Pons
Pregunta 29
Pregunta
93. Which one of the following drugs is both an opioid agonist and antagonist?
Respuesta
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Aripiprazole
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Naltrexone
-
Buprenorphine
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Methadone
-
Gabapentin
Pregunta 30
Pregunta
102. Which one of the following neurotransmitters localizes predominantly to the basal forebrain and is responsible for memory, attention, and executive functioning?
Respuesta
-
Serotonin
-
NE
-
GABA
-
Glycine
-
Acetylcholine
Pregunta 31
Pregunta
108. The GABA-A receptor (the most predominant GABA receptor) is which one of the following
Respuesta
-
A sodium channel
-
A chloride channel
-
A calcium channel
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. A potassium channel
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A magnesium channel
Pregunta 32
Pregunta
134. Which one of the following structures is most critical to the formation of memory?
Respuesta
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Right frontal lobe
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Right parietal lobe
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Thalamus
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Cerebellum
-
Hippocampus
Pregunta 33
Pregunta
144. Which one of the following answer choices is true regarding aggression?
Respuesta
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High levels of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) serotonin are associated with increased aggression
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Serotonin is unrelated to aggression
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Low levels of CSF serotonin are associated with increased aggression
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Low levels of CSF serotonin are associated with decreased aggression
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Low levels of dopamine are associated with increased aggression
Pregunta 34
Pregunta
Blocking the H1 receptor will lead to which of the following?
Respuesta
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Weight gain
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Dry mouth
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Orthostatic hypotension
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Elevated prolactin
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Urinary retention
Pregunta 35
Pregunta
106. Which of the following neurochemical changes would you expect to see in a patient with increased aggression?
Respuesta
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Increased serotonin
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Decreased dopamine
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Decreased testosterone
-
Decreased GABA
-
Decreased acetylcholine
Pregunta 36
Pregunta
43. Which of the following brain pathways starts in the ventral tegmental area and projects to the frontal cortex?
Respuesta
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Tuberoinfundibular pathway
-
Nigrostriatal pathway
-
Mesolimbic pathway
-
Mesocortical pathway
-
Ventral amygdalofugal pathway
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