Test
MCQ EOS June 2018 Formative
Este test tiene tiempo límite, así que se abre en el reproductor de siempre.
Preguntas del test (112)
1Drug X is said to be more potent than drug Y. Therefore, drug X produces a:
- Aquicker effect than drug Y
- Blonger lasting effect than drug Y
- Cgreater maximum effect than drug Y
- Dsimilar effect at a lower EC50 than drug Y
- Egreater area under the curve effect than drug Y
2A 38 year old mother presents to you at 11 weeks pregnant. Which of the following best fits the definition of a screening test for a Down syndrome fetus?
- AAmniocentesis
- BNuchal translucency test
- CSecond trimester foetal morphology ultrasound
- DChecking for a family history of Downs syndrome
- EA blood test for chromosome analysis of the mother
3A good screening test needs to have high:
- Asensitivity
- Bspecificity
- Cdiagnostic accuracy
- Dpositive predictive value
- Enegative predictive value
4In conditions associated with aneuploidy, which of the following describes the genetic defect? It:
- Amay only involve a single gene
- Bis caused by over replication of DNA during meiosis I
- Cresults in a phenotype incompatible with survival beyond childhood
- Dresults when one copy of a chromosome fails to separate from another
- Eis found only in genotypes of individuals with additional copies of chromosomes
5DLEPP - Choose A
- AA
- BB
- CC
- DD
- EE
6Which of the following is an example of secondary prevention?
- AMammography
- BAn arthritis self-management Program
- CImmunisation for communicable disease
- DFoot care education for a diabetic patient
- ECommunity based smoking cessation programs
7Which of the following is the reason individuals with AB-positive blood type are considered the universal recipients? It is because they:
- Aare congenitally immunosuppressed
- Bonly make antibodies against type O antigens
- Chave no antigens on the surface of their erythrocytes
- Dhave both A and B antigens on the surface of their erythrocytes
- Ehave unique antigens on the surface of their erythrocytes compared to individuals with other ABO blood types
8One of the advantages of high risk population approaches to blood pressure control in comparison to population wide interventions is that high risk population approaches:
- ADon’t need to involve the medical system
- BAre not reliant on individual behaviour change
- CHave a greater benefit to risk ratio for each individual
- DAre not reliant on an arbitrary ‘cut off’ of blood pressure values
- ETend to be more costly compared to population wide approaches
9Hypertension is a risk factor for the following disease:
- ASpina bifida
- BDiverticulitis
- CHyperlipidaemia
- DColorectal cancer
- EChronic kidney disease
10Which of the following microbes is a common microbe in urinary tract infections?
- AVibrio cholorae
- BHerpes simplex
- CEscherichia coli
- DStreptococcus pneumoniae
- EMycobacterium tuberculosis
11Which of the following microbes secretes a toxin, which stimulates the same intracellular transduction mechanism (second messenger) in its target cells as adrenaline does in its target cells via β-adrenergic receptors?
- AVibrio cholorae
- BHerpes simplex
- CEscherichia coli
- DStreptococcus pneumoniae
- EMycobacterium tuberculosis
12Which of the following microbes reproduces by having its DNA replicated in infected cells?
- AVibrio cholorae
- BHerpes simplex
- CEscherichia coli
- DStreptococcus pneumoniae
- EMycobacterium tuberculosis
13Which of the following microbes has resistance to antibiotics that is partly due to the presence of lipids anchored in its cell wall?
- AVibrio cholorae
- BHerpes simplex
- CEscherichia coli
- DStreptococcus pneumoniae
- EMycobacterium tuberculosis
14DLEPP - Choose A
- AA
- BB
- CC
- DD
- EE
15Which of the following lifestyle change would MOST benefit a patient in terms of modifying hyperlipidaemia?
- ARestrict salt
- BReduce stress
- CIncrease monitoring of lipids
- DDecrease saturated fats in diet
- EIncrease dietary sources of potassium
16An antibiotic that has a narrow spectrum of activity indicates that the drug has which of the following properties?
- Alow efficacy
- Blow potency
- Ca short half-life
- Da narrow margin of safety
- Ea range of activity against a limited number of bacterial species
17DHC not covered - Choose A
- AA
- BB
- CC
- DD
- EE
18Which of the following is likely to produce the greatest increase in INTRACELLULAR fluid volume when administered to a subject whose water intake remains constant during the infusion?
- Arenin
- Badrenaline
- Caldosterone
- Dvasopressin (ADH)
- Ehypertonic saline solution
19DHC not covered yet - Choose A
- AA
- BB
- CC
- DD
- EE
20A patient presents with a suspected viral infection in the pharynx. Identification of which of the following is the main aim of taking a throat swab?
- Avirus by culturing it
- Bvirus from its genetic material
- Cbody cells that the virus has invaded
- Dvirus by the type of antibodies present
- Esensitivity of the virus to specific antimicrobials
21DHC not covered yet - Choose A
- AA
- BB
- CC
- DD
- EE
22Drug X is said to be a competitive antagonist of neurotransmitter Y. This necessarily means that:
- AX decreases the affinity between Y and its receptors.
- BX decreases the rate of the biosynthesis or biotransformation of Y.
- CX and Y activate different intracellular (second messenger) signaling systems.
- DIn the presence of X, the concentration of Y has to be higher than it does in the absence of X to achieve the same effect.
- EIn the presence of X, the maximum effect achievable by Y is decreased, but the concentration required for half-maximal effect remains the same.
23DHC not covered yet - Choose A
- AA
- BB
- CC
- DD
- EE
24Which of the following describes the mechanism of secondary hypertension in a patient with a unilateral renal artery stenosis?
- Astimulation of nicotinic receptors
- Bstimulation of angiotensin receptors
- Cexpansion of the intracellular volume
- Dstimulation of beta-adrenergic receptors
- Estimulation of alpha-adrenergic receptors
25Which of the following would be expected in a patient who has been administered an intramuscular injection of adrenaline?
- Aacceleration of heart action and pupillary constriction
- Bstimulation of upper intestinal action and pupillary constriction
- Csweating, paling or flushing and stimulation of stomach activity
- Dincreased respiratory rate and constriction of blood vessels for muscles
- Econstriction of blood vessels in the skin and dilation of blood vessels in skeletal muscle
26Which of the following describes the microscopic appearance of streptococcal bacteria?
- Asingle rods
- Bchains of rods
- Cclusters of rods
d) chains of spheres - Dchains of spheres
- Eclusters of spheres
27A 50-year-old man has a previous history of tuberculosis and now has a firm lymph node in his neck. A fine needle aspiration of the lymph node is done. The presence of which of the following types of cell would suggest a diagnosis of tuberculosis?
- Aeosinophils
- Bepithelioid cells
- Clymphocytes
- Dmacrophages
- Eneutrophils
28DLEPP - Choose A
- AA
- BB
- CC
- DD
- EE
29Australia has been at the forefront of a unique approach to drug policy and practice known as ‘harm minimisation’. Which of the following BEST describes the strategy of ‘harm minimisation’?
- AA strategy aimed to address the harmful effects of drugs on the individual
- BA national public health strategy that addressed the environmental sources of drug use
- CA strategy aimed at the reduction in harm from drugs, supply of drugs and demand for drugs
- DA strategy built on community development programs to prevent the uptake of harmful drug use
- EA strategy that aims to address drug use, by conceptualising it as an interaction between the drug and environmental factors.
30All germ cells and some cancer cells share which of the following characteristics?
- Aactive telomerase activity
- Bconstant replication
- Chaploid number of chromosomes
- Dloss of DNA repair genes
- Esuppressed apoptotic activity
31Everything else being equal, wWhich of the following individuals is MOST LIKELY to have a the LOWEST SODIUM [Na+] concentration, recorded in a sample of his/her blood?
- AA healthy individual who has been given the drug ouabain (inhibits Na+/K+ATPase)
- Ban athlete who has just lost one litre of hypotonic (70 mmol/L) NaCl as sweat
- Ca normally hydrated individual who has just received an infusion of one litre of isotonic (0.9%) saline in preparation for surgery
- Da patient with Conn’s syndrome (aldosterone-secreting tumour)
- Ean ecstasy user with inappropriately elevated secretion of vasopressin (SIADH)
32DHC not covered yet - Choose A
- AA
- BB
- CC
- DD
- EE
33Hypertension is a risk factor for the following disease:
- AStroke
- BSpina bifida
- CDiverticulitis
- DHyperlipidamia
- EColorectal cancer
34For an adult with ‘pre-diabetes’, which of the following is most likely to delay or prevent the onset of type 2 diabetes?
- AQuitting smoking
- BCommencing insulin
- CMeasuring blood sugar daily
- DStarting doing 15 minutes of exercise daily
- ECommencing a cholesterol-reducing medication
35DHC not covered yet - Choose A
- AA
- BB
- CC
- DD
- EE
36The goal of immunization (vaccination) is to induce:
- Aautoimmunity
- Bactive immunity
- Cinnate immunity
- Dpassive immunity
- Ecell-mediated immunity
37DHC not covered yet - Choose A
- AA
- BB
- CC
- DD
- EE
38Which of the following patients is MOST LIKELY to have a low respiration rate (breaths per minute)? A patient with:
- Aangina and who is panicking
- Ba heroin overdose and about to get naloxone
- Cpneumonia and about to get an intravenous antibiotic
- Diron-deficiency anaemia and about to get a blood transfusion
- Etype 1 diabetes mellitus and about to get insulin for the first time in three days
39The tendency to accept a diagnosis due to ease in recalling a past similar event or case rather than probability or statistical prevalence is:
- Aaffect heuristic
- Banchoring heuristic
- Cavailability heuristic
- Dconfirmation heuristic
- Esatisficing heuristic
40In the image above, which letter indicates the lamina?
- AA
- BB
- CC
- DD
- EE
41An example of primary prevention is:
- ASyphilis serology in pregnant women
- BAir quality guidelines and monitoring
- CRehabilitation programme after stroke
- DThe national breast screening programme
- EBenzanthine penicillin monthly following rheumatic fever
42A feature that distinguishes screening tests from diagnostic tests is that screening tests are:
- AMore affordable than diagnostic tests
- BConducted on people who have symptoms
- CLikely to have a higher overall test accuracy
- DMore likely to have a high false positive rate
- EMore likely to have a high true negative rate
43Optimum time for sexual intercourse that will result in pregnancy MOST LIKELY corresponds to which of the following?
- A2 days after peak estradiol concentrations during the menstrual cycle
- B2 days after peak progesterone concentrations during the menstrual cycle
- C2 days after the endometrium reaches its thinnest during the menstrual cycle
- D2 days before peak luteinising hormone concentrations during the menstrual cycle
- E2 days before peak follicle-stimulating hormone concentrations during the menstrual cycle
44The National Vision for primary health care has, as one of its MAIN priorities
- AComplex case management
- BEvidence based general practice
- CImproved access to hospital care
- DIncreased focus on tertiary prevention
- EReduced inequity in health outcomes for all
45Which of the following inhibit(s) thrombosis?
- Aα-2 macroglobulin
- Bconversion of factor X to factor Xa
- Cendothelial damage
- Dfibrin
- Eoral cyclooxygenase inhibitors
46You are considering working for the World Health Organisation in a socially and economically disadvantaged developing region where there is a tuberculosis epidemic. Your specific brief is to address the social determinants of health through tuberculosis control programs . Which of the following should you address as part of your brief?
- ACo-existing illnesses
- BMedication supplies
- CCrowded housing conditions
- DEvidence based medical care
- ECommunity health professional training
47Which of the following drugs is MOST LIKELY to result in decreased postsynaptic activity at neuromuscular junctions?
- Abotox, which blocks fusion of exocytotic vesicles with plasma membranes
- Bcarbachol, which acts like acetylcholine and is resistant to choline esterases
- Ccocaine, which blocks uptake of catecholamines by presynaptic neurons
- Ddiazepam, which hyperpolarises neurons that have receptors for gamma-aminobutyric acid
- Epropranolol, which competes with noradrenaline for binding at beta receptors
48An example of secondary prevention is:
- AAdvice to youth to abstain from sexual relationships
- BProvision of condom vending machines in public spaces
- CAnnual chlamydia testing of men who have sex with men
- DHPV immunisation of girls who are not yet sexually active
- EEducation to change community norms and gender relations
49Which of the following is the MOST LIKELY finding in a tissue at early stage granulation?
- Ascar tissue
- Bcollagen formation
- Cproliferation of fibroblasts
- Drecruitment of inflammatory cells
- Escattered formation of blood vessels
50A process of "mental matching" to diagnose conditions with characteristic presentations that may predispose to a lack of differential diagnosis is best described by the term:
- Aaffect
- Banchoring
- Cavailability
- Dconfirmation
- Erepresentative
51Which of the following tests is used to detect antibodies to viral infections?
- Aenzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
- Berythrocyte sedimentation rate
- Cimmunoprecipitation
- Dplasmaphoresis
- Eserum protein electrophoresis
52Which of the following is a characteristic of a drug that would dissolve a thrombus in a patient’s coronary artery?
- Aactivates vitamin K
- Bactivates fibrinogen
- Cactivates plasminogen
- Dincreases activity of antithrombin III
- Edecreases international normalised ratio (INR)
53Which of the following is a characteristic of a drug you might use to keep the patient from developing thrombi after you successfully dissolved the thrombus in his coronary artery?
- Aactivates vitamin K
- Bactivates fibrinogen
- Cactivates plasminogen
- Dincreases activity of antithrombin III
- Edecreases international normalised ratio (INR)
54DLEPP - Choose A
- AA
- BB
- CC
- DD
- EE
55DLEPP - Choose A
- AA
- BB
- CC
- DD
- EE
56A 50-year-old patient presents with haemorrhages and exudates (cotton wool spots) in the retinas of his eyes. He is also MOST LIKELY to:
- Abe taking heroin
- Bbenefit from treatment with an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor
- Chave central cyanosis
- Drequire anticoagulant therapy
- Esuffer from an allergic reaction
57A 26-year-old triathlete has been trying unsuccessfully to conceive and you suspect that she may have a relatively common problem among female athletes, which is the failure to ovulate. You draw a single blood sample on the day that she comes for her initial consultation with you. Which of the following results is the MOST CONVINCING that she has indeed ovulated?
- Aestradiol - high normal
- Bprogesterone - high normal
- Cluteinising hormone (LH) - low normal
- Dfollicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) - low normal
- Ehuman chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) – undetectable
58Which of the following pairs of organ systems is ectodermally-derived?
- Amuscular and skeletal systems
- Bintegumentary and nervous systems
- Cintegumentary and muscular systems
- Dcirculatory system and skeletal system
- Elining of the gut and the nervous system
59A man with a previous history of tuberculosis and now has a firm lymph node in his neck. A fine needle aspiration of the lymph node is done. The presence of which of the following types of cell would suggest a diagnosis of tuberculosis?
- Alymphocytes
- Bmacrophages
- Cneutrophils
- Depithelioid cells
- Eeosinophils
60DLEPP - Choose A
- AA
- BB
- CC
- DD
- EE
61In the blastocyst, the:
- Ablastocoele serves the functions of the digestive system, lungs, and kidneys for the fetus
- Bblastocoele is destined to become the fetus
- Ctrophoblast is destined to become the fetal portion of the placenta
- Dtrophoblast is destined to become the fetus
- Etrophoblast is destined to become the inner cell mass
62Which of the following is the enzyme responsible for the formation of angiotensin I (Ang I)?
- Arenin
- Bangiotensinase
- Cangiotensinogen
- Dangiotensin synthase
- Eangiotensin-converting enzyme
63Everything else being equal, Which of the following individuals is LIKELY to have a the HIGHEST POTASSIUM [K+] concentration, recorded in a sample of his/her blood?
- Aa healthy individual who has been given the drug flucloxacillin
- Ba patient with Conn’s syndrome (aldosterone secreting tumour)
- Ca normally hydrated individual whose blood sample haemolysed (cells burst) on the way to the lab
- Da cancer patient who is nauseated by medication and has been unable to eat anything in three days
- Ea patient with heart failure who is using frusemide, a drug that inhibits resorption of sodium, potassium and chloride in the loop of henle of the kidney
64DLEPP - Choose A
- AA
- BB
- CC
- DD
- EE
65An example of tertiary prevention is:
- AVector control
- BTax on tobacco products
- CFluoridation of drinking water
- DHEEADSSS assessment for adolescents
- ECardiac rehabilitation post-myocardial infarction
66DLEPP - Choose A
- AA
- BB
- CC
- DD
- EE
67Alfred, aged 56, attends your general practice for an unrelated condition and you note his blood pressure is somewhat high, at 155/90. The most usual next step would be:
- AOrder an echocardiogram
- BExamine Alfred to rule out a stroke
- CCommence an antihypertensive medication
- DRecheck his BP preferably on a separate occasion
- EEnsure Alfred rests more over the next few days until you can repeat his BP
68DHC not covered yet - Choose A
- AA
- BB
- CC
- DD
- EE
69For which of the following sets of three (3) diseases is hypertension a risk factor?
- AChronic kidney disease, Osteoarthritis, Diabetes
- BCoronary heart disease, Chronic kidney disease, Heart failure
- CHeart failure, Muscle dystrophy, Stroke
- DPeripheral vascular disease, Blindness, Osteoarthritis
- EStroke, Cataract, Osteoporosis
70You are writing an article on the social determination of health in your local community newspaper. Which of the following is NOT a social determinant of health?
- Amedian income
- Bpercentage of unemployment
- Cratio of private to public housing
- Dnumber of breast cancer survivors
- Eavailability of public spaces suitable for exercise
71A woman and man present for pre-pregnancy advice. The family history includes Huntington’s disease, an autosomal dominant condition, on the man’s side. The man is heterozygous for the gene product huntingtin and the woman is unaffected. Which of the following describes the probability of inheritance of Huntington’s disease?
- A0% in male and 0% in female children
- B25% in male and 0% in female children
- C25% in male and 25% in female children
- D50% in male and 25% in female children
- E50% in male and 50% in female children
72Which of the following statements about suicide in Australia is correct?
- AAround 55% of all suicides are male.
- BThere are around 10,500 suicides per year.
- CWomen have the highest age standardised suicide rate.
- DThe highest age specific rate is for males aged 85 years and over.
- EMen are more likely than women to access services for mental health issues.
73The incidence rate of lung cancer among smokers divided by the incidence rate of lung cancer among non-smokers in a population is called the _________:
- Arelative risk
- Bhazard ratio
- Cdistal population risk
- Dpopulation prevalence
- Epopulation attributable risk
74An unconscious patient with pinpoint pupils, slow breathing and a normal heart rate will MOST LIKELY benefit from treatment with a drug that blocks which of the following receptors?
- Aalpha adrenergic
- Bbeta adrenergic
- Cmu opioid
- Dmuscarinic
- Enicotinic
75You read an article about the role of social and environmental factors on rates of tuberculosis in a refugee community. The authors report descriptive statistics of the association of family size according to age groups. ‘Age grouping’ is an example of a(n):
- Acontinuous variable
- Bdependent variable
- Cdichotomous variable
- Dnominal variable
- Eordinal variable
76A normal subject loses 1 litre of sweat containing 60 mOsm (milliosmoles) of NaCl. In terms of changes to extracellular fluid volume (ECF), intracellular fluid volume (ICF) and osmolarity, which of the following is correct?
- Aonly ICF will contract
- Bonly ECF will contract
- Cplasma osmolarity will decrease
- DECF and ICF will both contract, but ICF will contract more than ECF
- EECF and ICF will both contract, but ECF will contract more than ICF
77DLEPP - Choose A
- AA
- BB
- CC
- DD
- EE
78The results of a screening test for adolescent depression are compared to depression designated by the DSM 4 criteria (the ‘gold standard’ in this example).
What proportion of people with depression does the screening test correctly identify?
- A90/100
- B90/360
- C10/400
- D390/660
- E480/760
79DHC - Choose A
- AA
- BB
- CC
- DD
- EE
80DLEPP - Choose A
- AA
- BB
- CC
- DD
- EE
81Which one of the following combinations are components of mechanisms that can act to DECREASE extracellular fluid volume?
- Aincreased capillary oncotic pressure and decreased lymphatic drainage
- Bincreased plasma potassium concentration and decreased arterial pressure
- Cincreased intestinal chloride excretion and decreased renal sodium reabsorption
- Dincreased aldosterone secretion and decreased antidiuretic hormone (ADH) secretion
- Eincreased constriction of the afferent arteriole and decreased constriction of the efferent arteriole
82DHC - Choose A
- AA
- BB
- CC
- DD
- EE
83DHC - Choose A
- AA
- BB
- CC
- DD
- EE
84DHC - Choose A
- AA
- BB
- CC
- DD
- EE
85DHC - Choose A
- AA
- BB
- CC
- DD
- EE
86A finding of decreased arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (CO2) in a patient with diabetic ketoacidosis MOST LIKELY reflects a(n):
- Aimpaired/abnormal homeostatic feedback response
- Bnormal homeostatic response mediated by aortic/carotid baroreceptors
- Cnormal homeostatic response mediated by peripheral chemoreceptors
- Dnormal direct effect on effector cells of changes to plasma reaching those cells
- Enormal homeostatic response NOT involving baroreceptors or chemoreceptors
87A finding of facial pallor in a patient with a 10% decrease in cardiac output due to a problem within the heart MOST LIKELY reflects a(n):
- Aimpaired/abnormal homeostatic feedback response
- Bnormal homeostatic response mediated by aortic/carotid baroreceptors
- Cnormal homeostatic response mediated by peripheral chemoreceptors
- Dnormal direct effect on effector cells of changes to plasma reaching those cells
- Enormal homeostatic response NOT involving baroreceptors or chemoreceptors
88A finding of increased renal sodium reabsorption in a patient who lost 1 litre of blood (20% of blood volume) MOST LIKELY reflects a(n):
- Aimpaired/abnormal homeostatic feedback response
- Bnormal homeostatic response mediated by aortic/carotid baroreceptors
- Cnormal homeostatic response mediated by peripheral chemoreceptors
- Dnormal direct effect on effector cells of changes to plasma reaching those cells
- Enormal homeostatic response NOT involving baroreceptors or chemoreceptors
89A finding of increased blood flow in the fingers and lower arms of a patient playing the piano vigorously (Flight of the Bumblebee by Rimsky-Korsakov) MOST LIKELY reflects a(n):
- Aimpaired/abnormal homeostatic feedback response
- Bnormal homeostatic response mediated by aortic/carotid baroreceptors
- Cnormal homeostatic response mediated by peripheral chemoreceptors
- Dnormal direct effect on effector cells of changes to plasma reaching those cells
- Enormal homeostatic response NOT involving baroreceptors or chemoreceptors
90A finding of constant heart rate in a patient rising out of bed after reclining supine for two days MOST LIKELY reflects a(n):
- Aimpaired/abnormal homeostatic feedback response
- Bnormal homeostatic response mediated by aortic/carotid baroreceptors
- Cnormal homeostatic response mediated by peripheral chemoreceptors
- Dnormal direct effect on effector cells of changes to plasma reaching those cells
- Enormal homeostatic response NOT involving baroreceptors or chemoreceptors
91A finding of increased ventilation in a patient as s/he is doing a cardiac stress (exercise) test MOST LIKELY reflects a(n):
- Aimpaired/abnormal homeostatic feedback response
- Bnormal homeostatic response mediated by aortic/carotid baroreceptors
- Cnormal homeostatic response mediated by peripheral chemoreceptors
- Dnormal direct effect on effector cells of changes to plasma reaching those cells
- Enormal homeostatic response NOT involving baroreceptors or chemoreceptors
92A finding of decreased water excretion rate in a patient who has not had anything to drink in 16 hours MOST LIKELY reflects a(n):
- Aimpaired/abnormal homeostatic feedback response
- Bnormal homeostatic response mediated by aortic/carotid baroreceptors
- Cnormal homeostatic response mediated by peripheral chemoreceptors
- Dnormal direct effect on effector cells of changes to plasma reaching those cells
- Enormal homeostatic response NOT involving baroreceptors or chemoreceptors
93Bazza, Dazza, Gazza, Shazza and Wazza are all 35-year-old male patients at a local Emergency department. On the basis of history and physical examination:
• one has been tentatively diagnosed with a respiratory infection for 48 hours, likely to be Streptococcus pneumoniae;
• one with Conn’s syndrome (hyperaldosteronism) of several months duration;
• one with an incompetent mitral valve that has not shut properly during systole for several months;
• one with diabetic ketoacidosis; and
• one with an overdose of heroin over the last hour.
The results of their vital signs are summarized in the Table below:
Which of the patients is MOST LIKELY to have elevated hydrostatic pressure in his pulmonary capillaries?- ABazza
- BDazza
- CGazza
- DShazza
- EWazza
94Bazza, Dazza, Gazza, Shazza and Wazza are all 35-year-old male patients at a local Emergency department. On the basis of history and physical examination:
• one has been tentatively diagnosed with a respiratory infection for 48 hours, likely to be Streptococcus pneumoniae;
• one with Conn’s syndrome (hyperaldosteronism) of several months duration;
• one with an incompetent mitral valve that has not shut properly during systole for several months;
• one with diabetic ketoacidosis; and
• one with an overdose of heroin over the last hour.
The results of their vital signs are summarized in the Table below:
Which of the following pairs of the patients are MOST LIKELY to have hypokalaemia?- ADazza and Shazza
- BDazza and Wazza
- CShazza and Wazza
- DGazza and Dazza
- EGazza and Shazza
95Bazza, Dazza, Gazza, Shazza and Wazza are all 35-year-old male patients at a local Emergency department. On the basis of history and physical examination:
• one has been tentatively diagnosed with a respiratory infection for 48 hours, likely to be Streptococcus pneumoniae;
• one with Conn’s syndrome (hyperaldosteronism) of several months duration;
• one with an incompetent mitral valve that has not shut properly during systole for several months;
• one with diabetic ketoacidosis; and
• one with an overdose of heroin over the last hour.
The results of their vital signs are summarized in the Table below:
Which of the patients is MOST LIKELY to have a decreased plasma renin activity?- ABazza
- BDazza
- CGazza
- DShazza
- EWazza
96Bazza, Dazza, Gazza, Shazza and Wazza are all 35-year-old male patients at a local Emergency department. On the basis of history and physical examination:
• one has been tentatively diagnosed with a respiratory infection for 48 hours, likely to be Streptococcus pneumoniae;
• one with Conn’s syndrome (hyperaldosteronism) of several months duration;
• one with an incompetent mitral valve that has not shut properly during systole for several months;
• one with diabetic ketoacidosis; and
• one with an overdose of heroin over the last hour.
The results of their vital signs are summarized in the Table below:
Which of the patients is MOST LIKELY to have the lowest arterial carbon dioxide pressure?- ABazza
- BDazza
- CGazza
- DShazza
- EWazza
97Bazza, Dazza, Gazza, Shazza and Wazza are all 35-year-old male patients at a local Emergency department. On the basis of history and physical examination:
• one has been tentatively diagnosed with a respiratory infection for 48 hours, likely to be Streptococcus pneumoniae;
• one with Conn’s syndrome (hyperaldosteronism) of several months duration;
• one with an incompetent mitral valve that has not shut properly during systole for several months;
• one with diabetic ketoacidosis; and
• one with an overdose of heroin over the last hour.
The results of their vital signs are summarized in the Table below:
Which patient’s X-ray is MOST LIKELY to show opacity in one lung?- ABazza
- BDazza
- CGazza
- DShazza
- EWazza
98Note that the third question is of the type: all of the following…EXCEPT
Bate Ho-Van, an 18-year old musician, is suffering from anxiety prior to his first public performance. At his local clinic, Bate complains of palpitations and sweating during his anxiety attacks and, on examination by his doctor, he is found to have tachycardia. After taking a medication prescribed by his doctor, he feels much better and goes on to perform splendidly on stage.
The medication that Bate’s doctor would have prescribed for his anxiety would MOST LIKELY have been an antagonist of:- Aα1 adrenergic receptors
- Bα2 adrenergic receptors
- Cβ1 adrenergic receptors
- Dβ2 adrenergic receptors
- Eβ3 adrenergic receptors
99Note that the third question is of the type: all of the following…EXCEPT
Bate Ho-Van, an 18-year old musician, is suffering from anxiety prior to his first public performance. At his local clinic, Bate complains of palpitations and sweating during his anxiety attacks and, on examination by his doctor, he is found to have tachycardia. After taking a medication prescribed by his doctor, he feels much better and goes on to perform splendidly on stage.
Which of the following pairs correctly matches the autonomic nervous system involved and the neurotransmitter released by its postganglionic fibres to result in increased (generalised secretion type) sweating?- Asympathetic nervous system --- acetylcholine
- Bsympathetic nervous system --- noradrenaline
- Cparasympathetic nervous system --- adrenaline
- Dparasympathetic nervous system --- acetylcholine
- Eparasympathetic nervous system --- noradrenaline
100Note that the third question is of the type: all of the following…EXCEPT
Bate Ho-Van, an 18-year old musician, is suffering from anxiety prior to his first public performance. At his local clinic, Bate complains of palpitations and sweating during his anxiety attacks and, on examination by his doctor, he is found to have tachycardia. After taking a medication prescribed by his doctor, he feels much better and goes on to perform splendidly on stage.
In addition to tachycardia and sweating, all of the following physiological effects are LIKELY to occur in Bate during his anxiety attack EXCEPT:- Adilation of pupils
- Bincrease in metabolic rate
- Cincrease in blood pressure
- Dcontraction of the urinary bladder
- Evasoconstriction of blood vessels to the skin
101DHC not covered yet - Choose A
- AA
- BB
- CC
- DD
- EE
102Exertional dyspnoea (shortness of breath on exertion) would be expected in all of the following patients EXCEPT which one of the following?
- Aaortic stenosis (narrowing of the aortic valve or aorta itself)
- Bbacterial pneumonia
- Ciron-deficiency anaemia
- Dhypertension 167/110 mmHg
- Ea patent foramen ovale (left to right intracardiac shut)
103DHC not covered yet - Choose A
- AA
- BB
- CC
- DD
- EE
104DHC not covered yet - Choose A
- AA
- BB
- CC
- DD
- EE
105All of the following is considered a management strategy for hypertension EXCEPT
- AWeight reduction
- BReduced salt intake
- CIncreased dietary fibre
- DIncreased physical activity
- EReduction in alcohol intake
106All of the following factors contribute to the virulence of mycobacteria, EXCEPT:
- Ainhibition of granuloma formation
- Binhibition of lysosome acidification
- Cinterference with antigen presentation
- Dinhibition of lysosome-phagosome fusion
- Eresistance to toxic compounds within macrophages
107Which of the following chemical mediators is NOT released during tissue injury to stimulate nociceptors to produce pain?
- Ahistamine
- Bbradykinin
- Cendorphin
- Dserotonin
- Eadenosine triphosphate (ATP)
108All of the following are continuous variables EXCEPT:
- Aage
- Bheight
- Cblood group
- Dtemperature
- Esurvival time
109All of the following statements regarding penicillin are correct, EXCEPT:
- APenicillin acts by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis.
- BPenicillin hypersensitivity (allergy) can result in potentially fatal angioneurotic oedema.
- CCarbapenams (e.g. imipenem) may be used with caution in penicillin hypersensitivity.
- DCephalosporins such as cefotaxime may be safely used in penicillin hypersensitivity.
- EMacrolides such as erythromycin may be safely used in penicillin hypersensitivity.
110All of the following statements regarding the role of chemical mediators released by mast cells are correct, EXCEPT:
- AHistamine induces vasodilatation.
- BCytokines initiate the adaptive immune response.
- CChemotactic factors attract neutrophils and eosinophils to the site of inflammation.
- DLeukotrienes induce B-cell proliferation.
- EProstaglandins induce pain.
111All of the following are signs of poisoning with an organophosphate compound (long-acting acetylcholinesterase inhibitor), EXCEPT:
- Amiosis (constricted pupils)
- Btachycardia
- Cprofuse sweating
- Dexcessive salivation
- Eincreased lacrimation (tearing)
112All of the following statements regarding dysplasia are true, EXCEPT:
- AMild to moderate dysplasia may be reversible.
- BDysplasia is usually encountered in epithelia.
- CThe proliferation of cells may breach the basement membrane in severe dysplasia.
- DCarcinoma-in-situ is a form of dysplasia.
- EDysplasia may not necessarily progress to carcinoma.
Información
- Descripción
- MCQ EOS June 2018 Formative DLEPP no information available
- Autor
- James Wilson
- Idioma
- English
- Visitas
- 25
- Historial
- Creado el 27 may 2020 · actualizado el 19 jun 2020
- Etiquetas
- Valoración
- Aún sin valoraciones Valora este test