Cycle 1 & 2

Question

What is true about sarcomeres?

Answer 1

Extend from M to M line

Answer 2

The major protein of Z line sarcomeres is myosin

Answer 3

ContainsZline+1⁄2 Iband+Aband+1⁄2Iband+Zline

Answer 4

The major protein of the Z line of sacromere is creatines kinase

Answer 5

T-tubuls are absent

Answer 6

Caveolas and gap junctions can be occasionally present

Answer 7

Actin-myosin binding is triggered by interaction of Ca2+ with troponin subunit C

Answer 8

Concentration triggered at motor end plate

Answer 9

Formed by structures called fibers

Answer 10

Skeletal muscle fibers are innervated by muscle neurons

Answer 11

It does not contain any blood vessels

Answer 12

It surrounds every single muscle fiber

Answer 13

It surrounds the whole muscle

Answer 14

It contains blood vessels

Answer 15

It surrounds a bundle of fibers

Answer 16

Regeneration of skeletal muscles directly depends on amount of calcium ions

Answer 17

There are no sarcomeres in fibers

Answer 18

Skeletal muscle fibers are innervated by motor neurons

Answer 19

Are formed by structures called fibers

Answer 20

Simple cuboidal – lining ducts of most glands

Answer 21

Transitional – urinary bladder

Answer 22

Simple squamous – epidermis of skin

Answer 23

Are associated with gastrulation

Answer 24

Are found in the embryo

Answer 25

Are arranged into 9 + 10 pattern

Answer 26

Are associated with rotational movement

Answer 27

These proteins are not associated with cell junctions

Answer 28

Zonal occludens

Answer 29

Zonula adherens

Answer 30

Is called 4th germ layer

Answer 31

Is located between the mesenchyme and endoderm

Answer 32

Is located in mesoderm

Answer 33

Is one of three germ layers

Answer 34

Is located between the ectoderm and endoderm

Answer 35

Is derived from mesoderm

Answer 36

Is one of the three germ layers

Answer 37

Is derived from mesenchyme

Answer 38

Is called 4th germ layer

Answer 39

Appears only during the prenatal life

Answer 40

Is located between the mesenchyme and endoderm

Answer 41

Is located above the ectoderm

Answer 42

It happens before the initiation of neurolation

Answer 43

This is the process of segmentation of the paraxial mesoderm

Answer 44

Is regulated by the so-called segmentation and wave model

Answer 45

It occurs after the intitation of neurulation

Answer 46

It starts at the beginning of the 3rd week of prenatal life

Answer 47

It begins at the beginning of the 3rd month of prenatal life

Answer 48

Tight junction

Answer 49

Glycocalix

Answer 50

Goblet cell

Answer 51

Keratin sulfate

Answer 52

Osteonectin

Answer 53

Hyaluronic acid

Answer 54

Dermatologist sulfate

Answer 55

Contains only epithelial like cells

Answer 56

Is derived from ventro-medial somite cells

Answer 57

Scelerotome gives rise to mesoderm

Answer 58

Contains secondary mesenchyme cells

Answer 59

They are blocks (segment) of the paraxial mesoderm

Answer 60

They are symmetrical structures

Answer 61

They are blocks (segment) of the lateral mesoderm

Answer 62

They are blocks (segment) of the visceral mesoderm

Answer 63

Osteoclasts possess of the receptor for calcitonin

Answer 64

Inner fibrous layer of perichondrium contains chondrogenic cells

Answer 65

The precursors of osteoclasts are monocytes

Answer 66

Outer fibrous layer of perichondrium contains chondrogenic cells

Answer 67

Chondrocytes are grouped in isogenic groups

Answer 68

It is covered by perichondrium

Answer 69

Perichondrium is composed of two layers

Answer 70

Hyaline cartilage is highly vascularized

Answer 71

Physiologically can be found in compact mature bone

Answer 72

Can be found in insertions of some tendon

Answer 73

In adult present in place of fracture repair

Answer 74

Possess lamellae

Answer 75

Is formed by collagen type II

Answer 76

Is responsible for appositional growth of cartilage

Answer 77

Acts protective for cartilage

Answer 78

Contains Sharpey fibers

Answer 79

Fibrocytes

Answer 80

Histiocytes

Answer 81

Mast cells

Answer 82

Is divided into loose and dense CTs

Answer 83

Collagen contains unusual amino acids desmosine and indodesmosine

Answer 84

Chondroblasts are main population of cells in the tissue

Answer 85

Transient cells of connective tissue are e.g fibroblasts

Answer 86

There are two types, white uniocular and brown multilocular

Answer 87

Multiocular is rich in the human adult

Answer 88

Leptin is secretory product of white adipocytes

Answer 89

Brown adipose tissue changes into yellow one

Answer 90

The surface contain receptor for IgE

Answer 91

Influence permeability of blood vessels

Answer 92

Participate in process of wound healing

Answer 93

Storing of chemical mediators in granules

Answer 94

Mucus tissue

Answer 95

Dense irregular tissue

Answer 96

Dense regular elastic tissue

Answer 97

Loose connective tissue

Answer 98

Dense regular collagenous tissue

Answer 99

Its example is sebaceous gland

Answer 100

The cells are often surrounded by myoepithelial cells

Answer 101

It’s example is mammary gland

Answer 102

The product of the cell is released with its apical part

Answer 103

Is avascular (without blood vessels) tissue

Answer 104

Ventral ends of the ribs are formed by hyaline cartilage

Answer 105

Ventral ends of the ribs are formed by fibrocartilage

Answer 106

Chondrogenic cells are the stem cells for chondroblasts

Answer 107

Epiphyseal plates are the hyaline cartilage structures needed for long bones growth

Answer 108

Hyaline cartilage form the temporal skeleton

Answer 109

Is well vascularized

Answer 110

Is the bone development process

Answer 111

During intramembranous ossification the epiphyseal cartilages are formed

Answer 112

It could be said that bony collar formation is a kind of intramembranous ossification

Answer 113

Could happen thanks intramembranous ossification

Answer 114

Haversian Canal is located in the periphery of the osteon

Answer 115

Inner fibrous layer of perichondrium contains chondrogenic cells

Answer 116

The precursors of osteoclasts are monocytes

Answer 117

Outer fibrous layer of perichondrium contains chondrogenic cells

Answer 118

Arises from monocytes

Answer 119

Produces cathepsin K

Answer 120

Pumping protons into resorption cavity of bone

Answer 121

Its projections form ruffled border

Answer 122

To its differentiation need RANKI

Answer 123

Is divided into loose and dense CTs

Answer 124

Fibroblasts can be differentiated into histiocytes

Answer 125

Cells of embryonic mesenchymal CT produce type I collagen fibers

Answer 126

Influence permeability of blood vessels

Answer 127

Their histamine acts as an anticoagulant

Answer 128

Synthesis of IgE

Answer 129

They can produce elastic fibers

Answer 130

The surface contains receptors for IgE

Answer 131

Storing chemical mediators in granules

Answer 132

In humans the tissue is important mainly in the first postnatal life

Answer 133

In human newborn the multilocular adipose tissue constitutes 50% of the body weight

Answer 134

One, large lipid droplet

Answer 135

Many, lipid droplets

Answer 136

Tissue that consists of collagen type 1

Answer 137

Mucous tissue

Answer 138

Dense irregular tissue

Answer 139

Dense regular collagenous tissue

Answer 140

Hydroxylation of proline and lysine is within extracellular environment

Answer 141

Glycosylation of hydroxylysine is within extracellular environment

Answer 142

Procollagen is precursor for tropocollagen

Answer 143

Hydroxylation of proline and lysine is within intracellular environment

Answer 144

Co-factors; O2, Fe, vit. C are needed for the hydroxylation of proline and lysine

Answer 145

They develop from the cranial towards the caudal region

Answer 146

They are blocks (segments) of the paraxial mesoderm

Answer 147

None of them disappear

Answer 148

They appear between the 20th and 35th day of prenatal life

Answer 149

Is a structure located closer to the ectoderm in developing embryo

Answer 150

It will soon contribute to the development of the skeletal muscles

Answer 151

Dermatome progenitors together with cells from the lateral mesoderm will form an epidermis

Answer 152

Dermatome cells are differentiated from dermomyotome

Answer 153

Is the structure located closer to the neural tube in embryo

Answer 154

Dermatome progenitors together with cells from the lateral mesoderm will form a dermis

Answer 155

Dermatome cells are differentiated from myotome

Answer 156

It surrounds every single muscle fiber

Answer 157

It surrounds the whole muscle

Answer 158

It does not contain any blood vessels

Answer 159

It contains blood vessels

Answer 160

It surrounds a bundle of fibers

Answer 161

Contains Z line + 1/2 I band + A band + ½ I band + Z line

Answer 162

Are typical for smooth muscle

Answer 163

In smooth muscle sarcomeres are arranged in myofibrils

Answer 164

Are present only in smooth muscles

Answer 165

Skeletal muscles contain diads

Answer 166

Sarcomeres is a segment of myofibril between two Z lines.

Answer 167

Dark stained band is called the I band

Answer 168

Are formed by structures called fibers

Answer 169

Actin-myosin binding is triggered by interaction of Ca2+ with troponin subunit C

Answer 170

Phosphorylation of MLCK is responsible for binding actin and myosin

Answer 171

T-tubules are present in the center of the triads

Answer 172

T-tubules are absent

Answer 173

It is a ventro-medial part of the somite

Answer 174

Is also called lateral mesoderm

Answer 175

It is a dorsolateral part of the somite

Answer 176

Its cells can’t migrate

Answer 177

During the skeletal muscles contraction sarkomeres retain their original length

Answer 178

During the skeletal muscles contraction energy is released from ATP

Answer 179

During the skeletal muscles contraction calcium ions bind to the calmodulin

Answer 180

To trigger a muscle contraction, calcium has to bind to myosin in smooth, skeletal and cardiac muscle cells

Answer 181

Goblet cell is a unicellular gland

Answer 182

Holocrine is sebaceous gland

Answer 183

Salivary glands are always seromucous

Answer 184

Exocrine derive from the epithelium

Answer 185

Location on the basement membrane/basal lamina

Answer 186

No possibility to regeneration

Answer 187

Vascularization

Answer 188

It is also called merocrine secretion

Answer 189

It is characteristic for the sebaceous glands

Answer 190

It consists in turning the entire cell into secretion and its excretion

Answer 191

It is characteristic for the salivary gland

Answer 192

Mast cells

Answer 193

Adipocytes

Answer 194

Fibrocytes

Answer 195

Histiocytes

Answer 196

Histiocytes

Answer 197

Lymphoblasts

Answer 198

Fibrocytes

Answer 199

Fibroblasts

Answer 200

Adherens junction

Answer 201

Hemidesmosome

Answer 202

Intermediate filaments

Answer 203

Bind epithelial cells to basal lamina

Answer 204

It is located in lacunae

Answer 205

It connects two Haversian canals

Answer 206

It is located in the center of osteon

Answer 207

It connects canaliculi with osteocytes

Answer 208

osteoblasts are polarized cells

Answer 209

ECM is high mineralized

Answer 210

Osteoblast liberate osteoclasts activating protein (OPG), RANKL and M-CSF

Answer 211

Periosteum is similarly built as endosteum

Answer 212

Osteoblast control metabolism of osteoclast

Answer 213

Osteoblast control the number of osteoclast

Answer 214

Ruffled border of osteoclast is situated at the resorption cavity of bone

Answer 215

The metabolism is under hormonal control

Answer 216

Water constitutes up to 80% of the weight of fresh tissue

Answer 217

blood – monocyte

Answer 218

liver - kupffer cell

Answer 219

brain - kupffer cell

Answer 220

spleen - kupffer cell

Answer 221

Around sweat glands

Answer 222

Between fibrillin microfibrils

Answer 223

Fibroblasts

Answer 224

Fibrocytes

Answer 225

Adipocytes

Answer 226

Mesenchymal cells

Answer 227

Adult stem cells

Answer 228

Fixed macrophages

Answer 229

Appear around 3rd week of perinatal life

Answer 230

Are located on one side along the neural tube

Answer 231

Somitomeres are involved in the segmentation of the neutral plaque, the production of neuromeres

Answer 232

Are located below the occipital region of the head

Answer 233

Consists of mesodermal cells, arranged in concentric coils around their own center

Answer 234

Surrounds the whole muscle

Answer 235

Is located between perimysium and epimysium

Answer 236

Is delicate, reticular connective tissue.

Answer 237

Large, major nerves supply this sheath

Answer 238

Surround the external lamina of individual muscle fibers

Answer 239

Surrounds the entire muscle

Answer 240

Capilarries form a rich network within the endomysium

Answer 241

Is a complex of 3 subunits

Answer 242

Is attached to tropomyosin

Answer 243

Troponin C can bind calcium ions

Answer 244

Is the main component of the Z line of sarcomere

Answer 245

Is attached to Z line

Answer 246

Contraction is triggered at nodes of conducting fibers

Answer 247

Nuclei are centrally located

Answer 248

Contraction is triggered at motor end plate

Answer 249

Fibers are aligned in branching arrangements

Answer 250

Caveolae - Smooth muscle

Answer 251

Intercalated discs - cardiac muscle

Answer 252

Smooth muscle cells - muscularis externa of small intestines

Answer 253

Two terminal cisterns per sarcomere with T-tubule - skeletal muscle

Answer 254

Is simple columnar epithelium

Answer 255

Is not located on a basal lamina

Answer 256

Changes its form according to the degree of distention

Answer 257

Is present in urinary bladder

Answer 258

Is stratified cuboidal/columnar epithelium

Answer 259

Is located on basal lamina

Answer 260

Umbrella cells are dedicated to protect other cells against hypertonic urine

Answer 261

Is also called urothelium

Answer 262

In some areas of the umbrella cells special protective protein called uroplakin is present

Answer 263

Superficial cells may be binucleated

Answer 264

Is covering minor and major calyces

Answer 265

Its dome-shaped umbrella cells can change morphology to become flattened

Answer 266

Includes basal cells, intermediate cells with one to several layers of cells and superficial umbrella cells

Answer 267

Are associated with gastrulation

Answer 268

Are associated with passive movement

Answer 269

are associated with active movement

Answer 270

Are arranged into 9+0 pattern

Answer 271

Are arranged into 9+2 pattern

Answer 272

Are only found in the embryo

Answer 273

Desmogleins

Answer 274

Desmocollins

Answer 275

Plakophilins

Answer 276

Plakoglobin

Answer 277

Desmoplakin

Answer 278

Is so called lateral mesoderm

Answer 279

Is so called paraxial mesoderm

Answer 280

It is a dorsolateral part of the somite

Answer 281

Will differentiate into a myotome and dermatome

Answer 282

It’s created after separation of myotome and dermatome

Answer 283

Its cells can migrate

Answer 284

Its cells can’t migrate

Answer 285

Astrocytes - peripheral nervous system

Answer 286

Ependymocytes - central nervous system

Answer 287

Ependymocytes - peripheral nervous system

Answer 288

Ependymocytes - central canal

Answer 289

Multipolar neurons are present in autonomic ganglia

Answer 290

Are composed of both - perikaryons and nerve fibers

Answer 291

Sensory ganglia are surrounded by connective tissue capsule

Answer 292

Multipolar neurons are present in sensory ganglia

Answer 293

In other words, it is respiratory distress syndrom (RDS)

Answer 294

Is often accompanied by esophageal atresia (EA)

Answer 295

Is result of incomplete separation of foregut into the digestive and respiratory system

Answer 296

In other words, it is hyaline membrane disease

Answer 297

Primary bronchi buds appear at the beginning of the 5th week of prenatal development

Answer 298

Some of the bronchial tree branching are made after birth

Answer 299

Cranial lung’s lobes develop earlier/faster than caudal

Answer 300

Canalicular stage in the first stage

Answer 301

Primary septa are thicker than secondary alveolar septa

Answer 302

The respiration of featus is possible during pseudoglandular stage

Answer 303

Alveolar stage is finished during the first years of postnatal life

Answer 304

Respiratory

Answer 305

Nasal cavities

Answer 306

Respiratory epithelium contains ciliated cells

Answer 307

Nasal cavity is part of respiratory portion

Answer 308

Includes system of tubes that link the site of gas exchanging with external environment

Answer 309

Includes paired lung

Answer 310

Olfactory epithelium

Answer 311

Oral cavity

Answer 312

Alveolar ducts

Answer 313

Respiratory bronchioles

Answer 314

Bone marrow

Answer 315

Includes antigen-presenting cells

Answer 316

Its response is very rapid

Answer 317

One of its example is low pH of gastric juice

Answer 318

It includes action of B lymphocytes

Answer 319

Is evolutionarily older than aquired immunity

Answer 320

Is because of phagocytic activity of neutrophils

Answer 321

Is because of clonal expansion of B cells

Answer 322

Includes action of B lymphocytes

Answer 323

At the end of 5th month of prenatal life

Answer 324

At the end of 3rd week of prenatal life

Answer 325

At the end of 7th week of prenatal life

Answer 326

At the end of 5th week of prenatal life

Answer 327

Neuroectoderm

Answer 328

Mesenchyme

Answer 329

Ventral wing of 3rd pouch

Answer 330

Dorsal wing of 4th pouch

Answer 331

Stages of granulocyte maturation in proper order: promyelocyte & myeloblast & myelocyte & metamyelocyte

Answer 332

Involves ejecting of the nucleus

Answer 333

Stages of granulocyte maturation in proper order: myeloblast & promyelocyte & metamyelocyte & myelocyte

Answer 334

Involves changing of the shape of the nucleus

Answer 335

Erythrocyte

Answer 336

Ortochromatophilic erythroblast

Answer 337

Basophilic erythroblast

Answer 338

Are able to response for a growth factors stimulation

Answer 339

Their morphology is similar to lymphocytes

Answer 340

They have typical morphological features

Answer 341

All blood cells are derived from one hematopoietic stem cell

Answer 342

Molecules present in basal laminae

Answer 343

Chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans

Answer 344

They leave the future brain after the closure of the neural folds

Answer 345

they migrate toward the gut

Answer 346

They differentiate into cells and tissues that constitute much of soft and hard tissues of the face

Answer 347

They leave the future brain well before closure of the neural crest.

Answer 348

The neural crest originates from cells located along the lateral margins of the neural palate

Answer 349

neural crest cells arise as the result of an inductive action by non-neural ectoderm

Answer 350

neural crest cells arise as the result of an inductive action by neuroectoderm

Answer 351

the neural crest originates from the mesoderm

Answer 352

Atrioventricular node is its part

Answer 353

It is involved in controlling of the contraction of the myocardium

Answer 354

subendocardial conducting network is part of it

Answer 355

Atrioventricular bundle (of His) is its part

Answer 356

They have many tight, occludin junctions between endothelial cells

Answer 357

They have large fenestrations within basal lamina

Answer 358

They are found in the muscles

Answer 359

They are characteristic for bone marrow

Answer 360

It is simple squamous epithelium

Answer 361

There is no endothelium in wall of veins

Answer 362

it can be found in the intima of artery

Answer 363

Endothelial cells are metabolic active cells

Answer 364

Basophils have biconcave shape

Answer 365

Monocytes differentiate into macrophages

Answer 366

Basophils have kidney-shaped nucleus

Answer 367

Monocytes contain azurophilic granules

Answer 368

Can leave the blood vessels by Diapedesis

Answer 369

Are called red blood cells

Answer 370

Their shape is maintained by a special cytoskeleton

Answer 371

Transport oxygen and carbon dioxide

Answer 372

Red bone marrow is not hematogenous

Answer 373

In adult hemopoiesis takes place in red bone marrow

Answer 374

Great number of adipose cells are present in yellow bone marrow

Answer 375

Red bone marrow is present in flat bones and vertebrae

Answer 376

Keratinocytes are main population of dermis

Answer 377

SALT system includes keratinocytes, T lymphocytes and Langerhans cells

Answer 378

Eccrine and apocrine sweat glands release its secretion by a merocrine process

Answer 379

Keratinocytes are main population of hypodermis

Answer 380

Stratum granulosum

Answer 381

Stratum spinosum

Answer 382

In stratum granulosum and stratum lucidum

Answer 383

There are no desmosomes in epidermis

Answer 384

Sebaceous gland

Answer 385

Salivary gland

Answer 386

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