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Preguntas del test (63)
1If an experiment has a correlation coefficient of -92, this means that when one variable decreases, the other variable:
- AIncreases
- BStays the same
- CDecreases
- DThere is no correlation if the number is less than 0
2Upon conducting a study and entering the data into a statistical analysis program
on the computer, Lucy finds that she has a very large standard deviation. Lucy
can conclude that the scores in his data set are:- Avery different from one another
- Bvery similar to one another
- Cstatistically significant
- Dnot valid and should be discarded
3Which of the following is necessary for a well-controlled experiment?
- Amanipulation of an independent variable
- Brandom assignment of participants
- Cextraneous variables controlled
- DAll of the above
4A study shows that as the number of ice cream vans in a town increased, the rate of crime also increases. Which statement below is TRUE regarding the study’s findings?
- AThey are descriptive. The experimenter is just explaining the types of
vehicles and the level of crime in a town. - BThey are correlational. The two variables might be caused by a third
variable. - CThey are false. The number of ice cream vans would decrease the rate of
crime. - DThey are experimental. If you built more churches in a town, there would be
more violence.
- AThey are descriptive. The experimenter is just explaining the types of
5If a study was repeated multiple times, and very similar results were obtained each time, what could we conclude from our results?
- AOur study is reliable
- BOur study is valid.
- CBoth a) & b).
- DWe could draw any conclusion.
6Which of the following is TRUE about correlational studies?
- AThey are not a reliable way to make predictions about variables with regard
to one another - BNo variables are manipulated
- CCause and effect are determined.
- DSeveral variables are manipulated.
- AThey are not a reliable way to make predictions about variables with regard
7Pip performs analysis on her data set and discovers that she has a correlation of
+.60. How strong should she state this correlation is (remember that this is referring to psychological research)?- Asmall
- Bmoderate
- Clarge
- DNot enough information given to tell how strong it is
8Which of these is the correct order for Freud’s psychosexual stages?
- Aoral, anal, phallic, latency, genital
- Boral, anal, phallic, genital, latency
- Coral, anal, genital, phallic, latency
- Doral, anal, latency, phallic, genital
9What developmental period does a human go through from approximately 6 -11?
- Aprenatal
- Bearly childhood
- Cmiddle childhood
- Dadolescence
10We can separate developmental models into either:
- Astaged or unstaged.
- Bcognitive or neurological.
- Ccontinuous or discontinuous.
- Dpsychosexual or psychosocial.
11Freud’s phallic stage can be viewed as relating to which of Erikson’s stages?
- Abasic trust vs. mistrust
- Bintimacy vs. isolation
- Cinitiative vs. guilt
12Which conflict does Erikson suggest those in middle childhood are trying are trying to
resolve?- Ainitiative vs. guilt
- Bindustry vs. inferiority
- Cintimacy vs. isolation
- Dautonomy vs. shame and doubt
13What is the alternative to the conflict of ‘generativity’?
- Aindustry
- Binferiority
- Cstagnation
- Ddespair
14Which of the following is a commonly cited limitation of Piaget's developmental theory?
- AHe offered no research data to support his theory
- BThe popularity of his theory constricted and limited the range of research from other theoretical perspectives.
- CHe overestimated the importance of age differences in children's ways of thinking
- DHe wrongly suggested that children actively promote their own mental development.
15In a typical test of theory of mind understanding, a child sees a doll, Maxi, put a candy bar
in a blue cupboard. Then Maxi leaves the room and his mother comes in and moves the
candy bar to a red cupboard. When Maxi returns to get his candy bar, the child is asked, “In which cupboard will Maxi look first?” What typically happens?- AMost 3- and 4-year-olds will answer “in the blue cupboard.”
- BMost 3- and 4-year-olds will answer “in the red cupboard.
- CMost 3-year-olds will answer “in the red cupboard,” but most 4-year-olds will answer
“in the blue cupboard.” - DMost 3-year-olds will answer “in the blue cupboard,” but most 4-year-olds will answer
“in the red cupboard.”
16Suppose someone shakes a rattle in front of a delighted 4-month-old and then hides it under a pillow while the infant watches. According to Piaget, the infant is most likely to
- Alook at the researcher, which suggests an understanding of cause and effect
- Btransfer attention to the pillow, which suggests an undeveloped attention span
- Ccry, which suggests an understanding of deprivation but an intolerance for frustration.
- Dmake no effort to find the object and even to lose interest in it, which suggests an inability to understand object permanence.
17According to Kohlberg's stage theory of moral reasoning, reaching the higher stages
requires- Apassing through all the lower stages.
- Ban understanding of the writings of moral philosophers
- Can ability to understand the importance of altruism.
- Dthe ability to focus on feelings and not just cognitions.
18According to Kohlberg's theory of moral reasoning, stage _____ focuses on consequences
of punishment- A3
- B5
- C2
- D1
19Which of the following is not one of the levels in ecological systems theory?
- AMacrosystem
- BEndosystem
- CExosystem
- DMicrosystem
20Tabitha is 15 and has not seen her father for 11 years. She lives in a community in which
her single-parent, father-absent family structure is typical. If we were to predict based only
on these facts, research might lead us to guess that Tabitha:- Ais more promiscuous than adolescents in intact homes.
- Bwill engage in sexual restraint longer than the average adolescent.
- Cis highly morally committed to helping her community
- Dwill have a hard time developing a clear gender identity.
21Which statement is most accurate regarding the period of adolescence?
- AThe struggle between the parent and the teenager remains at the same level of
conflict until the teenager move out of the home - BRebellion is more closely tied to physical changes in boys than to chronological age
- CIf puberty comes earlier than is typical, there is more conflict between the parents and the teenager
- DThe conflict between parents and teenager ends at around 18 years of age
- AThe struggle between the parent and the teenager remains at the same level of
22Which of the following does NOT demonstrate the double standard in sexuality?
- AMales are praised for more sexual partners, while females are not
- BFemales are praised for being nurturing and emotional, while men are considered to
be weak if they demonstrate such qualities. - CMales are more likely to not want their first sexual experience than females.
- DAll three options above demonstrate the double standard
23We tend to value the things we own more than identical things we don’t own. This endowment effect can be explained by
- AProspect Theory
- BExpected Utility Theory
- CBoth (A) and (B)
- DStatus Quo Theory
24Suppose you are flipping a coin. If you believe that the result is more likely to be HHTHTTH rather than HHHHHHT, you are using
- Arepresentativeness heuristic
- Bequal distribution heuristic
- Cunbiased frequency heuristic.
- Davailability heuristic
25According to Prospect Theory:
- Aa given difference between two options will have greater impact if it is viewed as
a difference between two disadvantages than if it is viewed as a difference
between two advantages. - Butilities are evaluated with respect to a reference point.
- Cwe use psychological probability instead of objective probability in calculating
utilities. - DAll of the above.
- Aa given difference between two options will have greater impact if it is viewed as
26The wheel of fortune study by Tversky and Kahneman (1974) shows that:
- Aanchoring effects can be attenuated by expertise.
- Banchoring effects can be attenuated when participants have been warned beforehand
- Can anchor does not have to be relevant to be effective
- Da self-generated anchor is as effective as a provided anchor.
27The listing price study by Northcraft and Neale (1987) shows that:
- Aonly novices are affected by the anchoring effect
- Bnovices and experts are affected by the anchoring effect to the same degree.
- Cself-generated anchors are not as effective as experimenter-provided anchors.
- Dself-generated anchors are as effective as experimenter-provided anchors.
28Which one of the following is one of the mechanisms proposed to account for the anchoring effect?
- Anegative priming
- Bmagnitude priming
- Clack of knowledge
- Dover adjustment to initial information
29When people are asked to choose between “Winning $40 with probability of .40”
versus “Winning $30 with probability of .50”, most of them prefer the former than the
latter. However, when the probability doubles, i.e., “winning $40 with probability of
.80” versus “Winning $30 with probability of 1.00”, most people prefer the latter. This
phenomenon shows that:- Apeople behave in the way predicted by Expected Value theory
- Bpeople behave in the way predicted by Prospect Theory.
- Cpeople behave in the way predicted by Expected Utilities theory.
- DNone of the above; people are irrational
30In the “Linda” example we talked about in class, many people consider it more likely
that “Linda is a bank teller and is active in the feminist movement” than “Linda is a bank teller”. This is an example of:- Astatus quo bias
- Bretrievability failure.
- Cgambler’s fallacy.
- Dconjunction fallacy.
31In the criterion study conducted by Chen and Kemp (2014), they show:
- Athat participants showed a criterion effect when judges were experts
- Bthat participants showed a criterion effect when the criterion was randomly
generated by a coin flipping - Cthat it pays to be aggressive in promotion application.
- DAll of the above
32“Nothing in life is quite as important as you think it is while you are thinking about it” (Schkade & Kahneman, 1998). This sentence illustrates
- Athe dilution illusion
- Bthe focusing illusion
- Cthe Ponzo illusion
- Dthe Gambler’s illusion.
33If one group of participants has been primed with money (the money group) and the
other group not (the control group), and you then give all the participants a series of
scenarios similar to the following one:
“You work as an office assistant for a department at a university.
You’re alone in the office making copies and realize you’re out of
copy paper at home. You therefore slip a ream of paper in your
backpack.”
In response to the question “how likely it is that you would engage in the behaviour described”, on the basis of previous research, what do you expect the results to be?- AThe money group indicates more willingness to engage in the behaviour described.
- BThe money group indicates less willingness to engage in the behaviour described.
- CThere is no difference between the two groups
- DThere is no previous research on this topic, so there is no way to predict the results.
34Having money is associated with:
- Amore positive emotions
- Bhigher feelings of control
- Cbetter cognitive functions.
- DAll of the above
35If an individual is exhibiting behaviour that seems odd to other people but
that does not cause real distress or impairment of functioning, that person would:- Abe considered to have some sort of mental disorder
- Bbe considered to have a predisposition to a mental disorder
- Cnot be classified as having a mental disorder according to the
standards set by the American Psychiatric Association. - Dbe classified as having a schizophrenic disorder according to the
standards set by the American Psychiatric Association.
36The 1973 decision by the American Psychiatric Association to drop
homosexuality from its list of mental disorders is an example of the:- Arole of culture in determining what is or is not a disorder.
- Binfluence of politicians on the scientific community.
- Cidentification of a culture-bound syndrome.
- Dow reliability of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders
37The amount of stress needed to bring on a mental disorder:
- Aremains constant as the predisposition to the disorder decreases.
- Bremains constant as the predisposition to the disorder increases
- Cincreases as the predisposition to the disorder decreases.
- Dincreases as the predisposition to the disorder increases.
38Martin Seligman’s evolutionary theory suggests that phobias are:
- Adeveloped during childhood.
- Bgenetically innate in humans.
- Cmore common due to technology.
- Dresponses to realistic danger.
39Ardena has drastic swings in her mood. Sometimes she feels extremely
depressed and other times she feels very energetic and believes she has
almost supernatural strength and abilities, which has led her into some
serious misadventures. Which of the following would Ardena MOST likely be diagnosed with?- Amajor depression
- Bpanic disorder
- Cbipolar disorder
- Ddissociative identity disorder
40Daniel has had feelings of mild hopelessness, sadness, and despair for several years now. Daniel is MOST likely suffering from:
- Amajor depression
- Bbipolar disorder I
- Cbipolar disorder II.
- Ddysthymia.
41Which statement regarding generalized anxiety disorder is FALSE?
- AGeneralized anxiety disorder is called generalized because it is not
focused on one specific threat. - BGeneralized anxiety disorder is a common version of phobia in which
the affected individual has generalized from the original stimulus to
similar stimuli. - CFrequent, unpredictable traumatic experiences in childhood can
predispose a person to generalized anxiety disorder. - DIt is possible that generalized anxiety disorder could replace
depression as the most common psychiatric diagnosis.
- AGeneralized anxiety disorder is called generalized because it is not
42The sharply increased rate of generalized anxiety in modern Western cultures since the mid- twentieth century may be attributed to a(n)
- Asocietal obsession with academic performance and job success.
- Breduced stability in a typical person's life.
- Ccultural tendency to believe that one's outcomes are controlled by
factors like fate and chance more than by individual effort. - Demphasis on individualism that characterizes most Western nations.
43John has been diagnosed with schizophrenia. He stares at the same
painting for hours on end without moving. A clinician would most likely describe John's behavior as:- Adisorganization relativity.
- Bcatatonic stupor.
- Csensory adaptation.
- Dneuronal shutdown.
44Ryan describes frequently having no memory for chunks of time in his day.
He may :- Adepersonalisation
- Bderealisation
- Cdissociation
- Ddementia.
45Research suggests that schizophrenia is associated with:
- Aunusually high susceptibilities to hypnosis
- Bbreakdowns in defenses against anxiety
- Cpoor sustained attention
- Dlearned, pessimistic patterns of thinking.
46Selena is a 24-year-old female who has decided to seek treatment at the
request of her family for frequent mood swings. She reports that she has
been engaging in reckless behaviours, such as unsafe sex and substance
abuse. She has also recently been arrested for reckless driving. Selena
often loses her temper when things do not turn out in her favour, at which
she will then engage in self-injurious behaviour by cutting herself in order
to relieve her frustrations. She also admits increasing suicidal ideologies. Selena would MOST likely be diagnosed with:- Aschizotypal personality disorder.
- Bparanoid personality disorder
- Cborderline personality disorder.
- Davoidant personality disorder
47Philippe Pinel was a well-known leader in the reform of:
- Apsychosurgery because it left patients with lifelong deficits in their ability to make plans and behave according to them
- Bmental health institutions because they were overcrowded and understaffed
- Ctypical antipsychotic drugs because they often caused irreversible motor disturbances in
patients called tardive dyskinesia - Dpsychotherapy because many psychotherapists believed that their own approach was
“right” and other approaches were “wrong.”
48Which of these is NOT one of the three main categories of drugs that treat mental disorders?
- Aantihysteric drugs
- Bantipsychotic drugs
- Cantidepressant drugs
- Dantianxiety drugs
49Which is FALSE regarding the group of anti-anxiety drugs belonging to the chemical class called benzodiazepines?
- AThey cause drowsiness at higher doses
- BThey produce no physical withdrawal symptoms
- CThey cause a decline in motor coordination at higher doses
- DThey interact with alcohol such that ingesting both can produce coma or death.
50Which of these psychotherapy approaches focuses on the idea that people's ingrained, habitual ways of thinking affect their mood and behaviour?
- Ahumanistic approach
- Bpsychodynamic approach
- Cbehavioral approach
- Dcognitive approach
51Ross is a teenager who struggles with heroin and cocaine addiction. At the request of his
parents, he starts attending a community drug rehabilitation program that offers vouchers
that patients can turn in for valued prizes as rewards for drug-free urine tests. According to
research, such programs:- Ahave proven quite effective in encouraging cocaine and heroin users to go many weeks without taking drugs.
- Bare often ineffective because patients become disenchanted with programs that offer “childish” treatments.
- Care successful at discouraging drug use for only a few days because patients leave the
institutions sooner because they are more expensive - Dare generally ineffective because cocaine and heroin are highly addictive and too
devastating for reward-based programs to be successful.
52Any treatment for an unwanted fear or phobia that involves having the patient experience
the feared stimulus in order to habituate or extinguish the fear response is referred to as:- Aan exposure treatment.
- Bpsychoanalysis
- Ccontingency management.
- Da token economy
53To combat his fear of animals, Ranaldo's therapist begins by having him watch children play
with animals in a separate room. During the next session, Ranaldo is in the room while the
children play with the animals. The next step will involve Ranaldo in the room with the
animals without the children present. This exposure treatment is known as _____ exposure.- Aunwanted fear
- Bimaginative
- Cvirtual reality
- Din vivo
54In the Philadelphia experiment on psychotherapeutic effectiveness, different groups of
participants received behaviour therapy, psychodynamic therapy, or no therapy (controls). Which statement best summarizes the results?- AThe behaviour therapy group showed significantly more improvement than either of the other two groups.
- BThe psychodynamic therapy group showed significantly more improvement than either of the other two groups.
- CThe control group showed as much improvement as either of the other two groups.
- DThe behaviour therapy and psychodynamic therapy groups improved about equally and
significantly more than the control group.
55Ron's therapist instructs him to lie down on a couch, relax, and report every image or idea
that enters his awareness in response to these words: milk, pillow, and pickle. Ron is likely
seeing a _______ therapist who uses a technique known as ______.- Apsychodynamic; free association
- Bhumanistic; person-centered therapy
- Cpsychodynamic; transference
- D) humanistic; imaginative exposure
56Sasha seeks therapy because of her intense fear of ants. In order to lessen her anxiety, the
therapist creates experiences for Sasha. First, she videos ants in an enclosure across the
room; later, she sees them a little closer up; ultimately, she holds an ant. This type of
treatment is called _____ exposure.- Aimaginative
- Bvirtual reality
- Cin vivo
- Dresistance
57Pick the incorrect alternative listed below about theories on stress at work.
- ALow demands are never stressful
- BDemands do not always lead to stress reactions
- CControl at work helps people handle demands
- DResources are important for stress perceptions
58Recovery after a stressful workday is important. Based on the lecture on stress, which of the strategies below may be less effective for stress recovery?
- ADoing something we enjoy.
- BDoing something we are good at.
- Ctaking work home to catch up
- DNot thinking about the demands
59According to Hans Selye, what is 'eustress'?
- AA biological process mediating the stress process.
- BAn alternative word for distress
- CStress associated with positive feelings or healthy states
- DNone of the above.
60Which theory is considered to deal with consequences?
- AReinforcement Theory
- BTwo-Factor Theory
- CEquity Theory
- DHierarchy of Needs Theory
61Which of the following is an example of an intrinsic motivator?
- A a pay increase
- Bpromotion
- Csatisfaction in a job well done
- Dgood working conditions
- A a pay increase
62Students doing group work may be unhappy with a high grade if they feel some
members of the group didn't contribute evenly to the effort in getting that grade. This is an example of what?- AMaslow's hierarchy of needs
- Bequity theory
- Cexpectancy theory
- Dorientations to work
63The job characteristics theory of work motivation predicts several relationships. One
statement below incorrectly describes those relationships. Which one is it?- AJobs low in motivating potential produce less internal work motivation than jobs high in motivating potential.
- BPeople with strong growth needs should respond less positively to jobs high in
motivating potential than people with weak growth needs - CA person's knowledge and skill combine with a job's high motivating potential
to produce high internal work motivation. - DA positive work context helps a person experience a job's motivating qualities.
Información
- Descripción
- Psychology
- Autor
- katelynbennett27
- Idioma
- English
- Visitas
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