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Essential Life Sciences

Descripción

EMT-A (alberta)
Megan Holfeld
Test por Megan Holfeld, actualizado hace más de 1 año
Megan Holfeld
Creado por Megan Holfeld hace más de 8 años
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Resumen del Recurso

Pregunta 1

Pregunta
Causes of hyperkalemia include:
Respuesta
  • Diabetic Ketoacidosis
  • Diabetes Insipidus
  • Administration of ventolin to asthmatic patients.
  • Myocardial Infarction
  • All of the above.

Pregunta 2

Pregunta
In adults, the epiphyses contain:
Respuesta
  • Red Marrow
  • Yellow Marrow
  • Salts
  • Minerals

Pregunta 3

Pregunta
Myoglobinuria can cause the following conditions:
Respuesta
  • Pulmonary Embolism
  • Congestive Heart Failure
  • Liver Cirrhosis
  • Renal Failure

Pregunta 4

Pregunta
Transformation is the process by which a normal cell becomes a cancer cell.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 5

Pregunta
Glycolysis is an example of a __________.
Respuesta
  • Single Replacement Reaction
  • Double Replacement Reaction
  • Synthesis Reaction
  • Decomposition Reaction

Pregunta 6

Pregunta
Match the vertebral column region with the number of vertebrae within it: Thoracic [blank_start]12[blank_end] Sacrum [blank_start]5[blank_end] Coccyx [blank_start]4[blank_end] Cervical [blank_start]7[blank_end] Lumbar [blank_start]5[blank_end]
Respuesta
  • 12
  • 5
  • 4
  • 7
  • 12
  • 5
  • 4
  • 7
  • 5
  • 12
  • 4
  • 7
  • 7
  • 12
  • 5
  • 4
  • 5
  • 12
  • 4
  • 7

Pregunta 7

Pregunta
The normal pH in the human body is:
Respuesta
  • 7.40-7.50
  • 7.30-7.40
  • 7.35-7.45
  • 7.25-7.35

Pregunta 8

Pregunta
What type of cartilage is our skeletal system primarily made of during fetal development?
Respuesta
  • Articular
  • Hyaline
  • Fibrocartiage
  • Elastic

Pregunta 9

Pregunta
What percentage of our total body weight is made up of water?
Respuesta
  • 20-40
  • 80-90
  • 40-50
  • 60-80

Pregunta 10

Pregunta
Match the directional term with its correct description: Inferior - [blank_start]toward the lower part of a structure[blank_end] Transverse Section - [blank_start]divides into superior and inferior parts[blank_end] Medial - [blank_start]toward or at the midline of the body[blank_end] Superior - [blank_start]toward the upper part of a structure[blank_end] Sagittal Section - [blank_start]divides the body into right and left par[blank_end]ts
Respuesta
  • toward the lower part of a structure
  • divides into superior and inferior parts
  • toward or at the midline of the body
  • toward the upper part of a structure
  • divides the body into right and left par
  • divides into superior and inferior parts
  • toward the lower part of a structure
  • toward or at the midline of the body
  • toward the upper part of a structure
  • divides the body into right and left par
  • toward or at the midline of the body
  • toward the lower part of a structure
  • divides into superior and inferior parts
  • toward the upper part of a structure
  • divides the body into right and left
  • toward the upper part of a structure
  • divides the body into right and left
  • toward or at the midline of the body
  • divides into superior and inferior parts
  • toward the lower part of a structure
  • divides the body into right and left par
  • toward the lower part of a structure
  • divides into superior and inferior parts
  • toward or at the midline of the body
  • toward the upper part of a structure

Pregunta 11

Pregunta
A perforating canal in bone allows for the passage of blood vessels and nerves.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 12

Pregunta
Anaplasia is defined as:
Respuesta
  • an increase in the number of cells
  • independence from normal cellular controls
  • the loss of differentiation
  • uncontrolled proliferation

Pregunta 13

Pregunta
The perimysium is connective tissue that wraps around a bundle of muscle fibers.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 14

Pregunta
Which tissue type is avascular?
Respuesta
  • nervous
  • epithelial
  • muscle
  • connective

Pregunta 15

Pregunta
All cells have the following regions:
Respuesta
  • nucleus
  • cytoplasm
  • mitchondria
  • plasma membrane
  • all of the above
  • A, B, and D

Pregunta 16

Pregunta
The epiphyseal line is composed of hyaline cartilage in young, growing bone.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 17

Pregunta
Which tissue does not form scar tissue during tissue regeneration?
Respuesta
  • brain
  • liver
  • lungs
  • heart

Pregunta 18

Pregunta
Skeletal muscle has which of the following characteristics?
Respuesta
  • striated
  • voluntary
  • one nucleus per cell
  • automaticity
  • A and B
  • A and C

Pregunta 19

Pregunta
The elbow is __________ to the shoulder.
Respuesta
  • lateral
  • distal
  • inferior
  • proximal

Pregunta 20

Pregunta
In a synthesis reaction, __________ for bond formation.
Respuesta
  • energy is released
  • ATP converts to ADP
  • energy is absorbed
  • no energy is required

Pregunta 21

Pregunta
How many ATP are created during aerobic respiration?
Respuesta
  • 2
  • 1
  • 36
  • 32

Pregunta 22

Pregunta
If the hydrogen ion concentration in the body rises too much, the respiratory system will compensate by:
Respuesta
  • No Change - but the kidneys will secrete hydrogen.
  • Decreasing Respirations
  • No Change - but the kidneys will reabsorb bicarbonate.
  • Increasing Respirations

Pregunta 23

Pregunta
You respond to an unresponsive patient with weak peripheral pulses. The patient has a history of drug abuse and is cyanotic with pinpoint pupils. The patient is breathing at 4-6/min. What type of acid-base imbalance might this patient likely have?
Respuesta
  • Resp acidosis
  • Resp alkalosis
  • Meta acidosis
  • Meta alkalosis

Pregunta 24

Pregunta
If homeostasis is disrupted within the body, what can happen?
Respuesta
  • trauma
  • nothing
  • illness and disease
  • illness and trauma

Pregunta 25

Pregunta
What is the name of the specialized plasma membrane that encloses a muscle cell?
Respuesta
  • sarcoplasmic reticulum
  • sarcomere
  • myofibril
  • sarcolemma

Pregunta 26

Pregunta
When the number of hydrogen ions in the body increases, pH __________.
Respuesta
  • remains unchanged
  • does not change as hydrogen ions do not influence pH
  • decreases
  • increases

Pregunta 27

Pregunta
A patient who has sustained a crush injury may present with signs and symptoms consistent with hypokalemia.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 28

Pregunta
When ATP is broken down, __________ is released.
Respuesta
  • magnesium
  • energy
  • glucose
  • ADP

Pregunta 29

Pregunta
Severe hyperkalemia can cause life-threatening cardiac dysrhythmias.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 30

Pregunta
The low specific heat capacity of water helps to maintain a consistent body temperature.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 31

Pregunta
Match the description of nerve impulse transmission to the muscle cell in the order that it occurs. Sodium enters the muscle cell while potassium leaves. [blank_start]Step 4[blank_end] Acetylcholine is released into the synaptic cleft. [blank_start]Step 3[blank_end] Action potential reaches the axon terminal of the motor neuron. [blank_start]Step 1[blank_end] Calcium channels open and calcium enters the axon terminal. [blank_start]Step 2[blank_end]
Respuesta
  • 4
  • 1
  • 2
  • 3
  • 1
  • 2
  • 3
  • 4
  • 1
  • 2
  • 3
  • 4
  • 1
  • 2
  • 3
  • 4

Pregunta 32

Pregunta
Vesicular transport is a type of active transport.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 33

Pregunta
The Carbonic Acid - Sodium Bicarbonate buffer system is the primary buffering system in the body.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 34

Pregunta
Match the description with the order in which it occurs during fracture repair. Hematoma forms - [blank_start]1[blank_end] Fibrocartilage callus forms - [blank_start]2[blank_end] Bony callus forms - [blank_start]3[blank_end] Bone remodelling occurs - [blank_start]4[blank_end]
Respuesta
  • 1
  • 2
  • 3
  • 4
  • 2
  • 1
  • 3
  • 4
  • 3
  • 4
  • 1
  • 2
  • 4
  • 1
  • 2
  • 3

Pregunta 35

Pregunta
What treatment options can be explored for patients with OA?
Respuesta
  • beta agonists
  • antiemetics
  • immunosuppressants
  • anitinflammatories

Pregunta 36

Pregunta
Aldosterone is secreted from which gland?
Respuesta
  • thyroid
  • pancreas
  • pituitary
  • adrenals

Pregunta 37

Pregunta
Site of most cellular activities
Respuesta
  • cytosplasm
  • golgi apparatus
  • mitochondria
  • nucleus
  • ribosome
  • smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Pregunta 38

Pregunta
modifies and packages proteins
Respuesta
  • cytoplasm
  • golgi apparatus
  • mitochondria
  • nucleus
  • ribosome
  • smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Pregunta 39

Pregunta
Provides ATP for cellular energy
Respuesta
  • cytoplasm
  • golgi apparatus
  • mitochondria
  • nucleus
  • ribosome
  • SER

Pregunta 40

Pregunta
Site of ribosome assembly
Respuesta
  • cytoplasm
  • golgi apparatus
  • mitochondria
  • nucleus
  • ribosome
  • smooth ER

Pregunta 41

Pregunta
Site of protein synthesis
Respuesta
  • cytoplasm
  • golgi apparatus
  • mitchondria
  • nucleus
  • ribosome
  • smooth ER

Pregunta 42

Pregunta
Functions in lipid metabolism
Respuesta
  • cytoplasm
  • golgi apparatus
  • mitochondria
  • nucleus
  • ribosome
  • smooth ER

Pregunta 43

Pregunta
For how long will creatine phosphate sustain muscular contraction?
Respuesta
  • 1-2 sec
  • <15 sec
  • 4-6 sec
  • <20 sec

Pregunta 44

Pregunta
In the presence of dehydration, __________ promotes water retention.
Respuesta
  • calcitonin
  • insulin
  • aldosterone
  • ADH

Pregunta 45

Pregunta
Actin myofilaments are thin filaments.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 46

Pregunta
ADP can be used as an alternative energy source whenever ATP is not readily available.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 47

Pregunta
Osteomyelitis is difficult to treat because of a lack of understanding about this condition within the medical community.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 48

Pregunta
The thorax has 9 pairs of true ribs.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 49

Pregunta
Functions of bones include:
Respuesta
  • support
  • protection
  • storage
  • blood cell formation
  • all of the above

Pregunta 50

Pregunta
Rheumatoid Arthritis is classified as an inflammatory joint disease.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 51

Pregunta
Water excess can be caused by:
Respuesta
  • renal failure
  • physical activity
  • CHF
  • diabetes insupidus
  • A and C

Pregunta 52

Pregunta
Proteins:
Respuesta
  • provide for construction material for body tissues
  • play a vital role in cell function
  • act as enzymes, hormones, and antibodies
  • all of the above
  • A and B only

Pregunta 53

Pregunta
RA is more common in women than it is men.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 54

Pregunta
Match the cardiac structures with their description:
Image:
14fdd488-6867-4e2a-9097-4d7ba3324aa1 (image/png)
Respuesta
  • superior vena cava
  • right atrium
  • tricuspid valve
  • chordae tendineae
  • interventricular septum
  • left ventricle
  • aortic valve
  • pulmonary veins
  • pulmonary artery

Pregunta 55

Pregunta
When blood leaves the right side of the heart, it travels to the lungs where it becomes oxygenated.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 56

Pregunta
The thickest layer of the heart is the ____________.
Respuesta
  • endocardium
  • myocardium
  • patietal pericardium
  • visceral pericardium

Pregunta 57

Pregunta
Veins differ from arteries in that they:
Respuesta
  • contain valves
  • have a larger lumen than arteries
  • have a thinner middle layer than arteries
  • all of the above
  • none of the above

Pregunta 58

Pregunta
Oxygen can easily diffuse into capillaries from the alveoli because:
Respuesta
  • Oxygen is moving from an area of high concentration to low concentration
  • Oxygen is moving from an area of low concentration to high concentration
  • ATP is utilized to facilitate the active transport of oxygen
  • Oxygen trades places with excess carbon dioxide

Pregunta 59

Pregunta
Atherosclerosis begins with injury to the inner walls of arteries. Causes of this injury may include:
Respuesta
  • smoking
  • hypertension
  • exercise
  • diabetes
  • A and B
  • A, B, and D

Pregunta 60

Pregunta
If a fibrous plaque ruptures in an area of atherosclerosis within a coronary artery, what will happen next?
Respuesta
  • That plaque will migrate to the lungs and cause a pulmonary embolism
  • Platelets will adhere to the injured area
  • Healing will begin and the atherosclerotic area will resolve itself
  • Scar tissue will immediately form

Pregunta 61

Pregunta
Which type of angina is typically relieved by rest?
Respuesta
  • Prinzmetal Angina
  • Stable Angina
  • Unstable Angina
  • All types of angina are relieved by rest

Pregunta 62

Pregunta
Prinzmetal angina is caused by:
Respuesta
  • vasospasm
  • occlusion
  • fat emboli
  • air emboli

Pregunta 63

Pregunta
Unstable angina can be a precursor to:
Respuesta
  • prinzmetal angina
  • myocardial infarction
  • occlusive stroke
  • hemorrhagic stroke

Pregunta 64

Pregunta
An EMT is able to provide the following treatments to a patient experiencing a myocardial infarction:
Respuesta
  • morphone
  • oxygen
  • ASA
  • nitroglycerine
  • B and C
  • B, C and D

Pregunta 65

Pregunta
A patient with a pericardial effusion that has progressed to pericardial tamponade will present with:
Respuesta
  • hypertension
  • bradycardia
  • JVD
  • hypotension
  • C and D
  • A, C and D

Pregunta 66

Pregunta
Pericardial tamponade can only result from bleeding within the pericardium.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 67

Pregunta
Right heart failure is more common than left heart failure.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 68

Pregunta
The most common cause of left heart failure is:
Respuesta
  • diabetes
  • hypertension
  • myocardial infarction
  • COPD

Pregunta 69

Pregunta
S/S of left heart failure include:
Respuesta
  • pulmonary edema
  • JVD
  • peripheral edema
  • dyspnea
  • A and D
  • all of the above

Pregunta 70

Pregunta
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation is characterized by:
Respuesta
  • localized clotting and bleeding
  • systemic clotting and bleeding
  • localized bleeding
  • systemic clotting

Pregunta 71

Pregunta
Which of the following patients would be most prone to developing DIC?
Respuesta
  • A female patient who has severe postpartum hemorrhage after child birth
  • A patient who lacerated his forearm on a table saw
  • A male patient who sustained full thickness burns to his left arm
  • A patient who has an acute exacerbation of their asthma

Pregunta 72

Pregunta
Oxygen is attached to ____________ while it is transported in the blood.
Respuesta
  • hemoglobin
  • red blood cells
  • white blood cells
  • blood plasma

Pregunta 73

Pregunta
Carbon dioxide is transported as part of ____________ in the blood.
Respuesta
  • bicarbonate in plasma
  • leukocytes
  • erythrocytes
  • bicarbonate in hemoglobin

Pregunta 74

Pregunta
If the medulla oblongata detects an increase of carbon dioxide, respirations will increase in rate and depth.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 75

Pregunta
Kussmaul respirations would be seen in a patient suffering from what medical emergency?
Respuesta
  • narcotic OD
  • diabetic ketoacidosis
  • cardiac chest pain
  • pleuritis

Pregunta 76

Pregunta
You respond to a 56 year old male patient complaining of substernal chest pain and shortness of breath. He is diaphoretic and has weak radial pulses. He indicates he had an MI 5 years ago and the pain he is experiencing now is identical to that when he had his past MI. Upon auscultation of his chest you hear decreased air entry with crackles throughout all lung fields. What is most likely causing this patient's shortness of breath and auscultated crackles?
Respuesta
  • emphysema
  • acute pulmonary edema
  • chronic bronchitis
  • asthma

Pregunta 77

Pregunta
You respond to a 56 year old male patient complaining of substernal chest pain and shortness of breath. He is diaphoretic and has weak radial pulses. He indicates he had an MI 5 years ago and the pain he is experiencing now is identical to that when he had his past MI. Upon auscultation of his chest you hear decreased air entry with crackles throughout all lung fields. Should oxygen be provided to this patient?
Respuesta
  • yes
  • no
  • maybe
  • more information is needed

Pregunta 78

Pregunta
Atelectasis can only be caused by the removal of air from obstructed or hypoventilated alveoli.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 79

Pregunta
Your patient is complaining of chills, fever, and pain on inspiration. She indicates that she has had a sore throat and dry cough for over a week. What is a likely cause for the pain she has on inspiration?
Respuesta
  • pleuritis
  • pulmonary fibrosis
  • atelectasis
  • ARDS

Pregunta 80

Pregunta
Causes of pulmonary fibrosis may include:
Respuesta
  • asbestos inhalation
  • active TB
  • ARDS
  • all of the above

Pregunta 81

Pregunta
With pulmonary fibrosis the lungs become difficult to ventilate, and the diffusing capacity of the alveolocapillary membrane may increase.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 82

Pregunta
The most common predisposing factors contributing to the development of ARDS are sepsis and pregnancy.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 83

Pregunta
What causes pulmonary edema in patients suffering from ARDS?
Respuesta
  • increased capillary permeability
  • decreases capillary permeability
  • secondary to left heart failure
  • secondary to right heart failure

Pregunta 84

Pregunta
Dyspnea and ____________ are the catchall S/S of obstructive lung diseases.
Respuesta
  • stridor
  • pulmonary edema
  • wheezing
  • accessory muscle use

Pregunta 85

Pregunta
The "3 S's of Asthma are:
Respuesta
  • Spasms, Swelling, and SOB
  • Spasms, Secretions, and SOB
  • SOB, Stridor, and Secretions
  • Spasms, Secretions, and Swelling

Pregunta 86

Pregunta
As an EMT, what are medications that you can administer to a patient who is suffering from an acute exacerbation of their asthma?
Respuesta
  • oxygen
  • prednisone
  • desamethasone
  • atrovent
  • ventolin
  • A and D
  • A, D, and E

Pregunta 87

Pregunta
One of the primary causes of COPD is exposure (active and passive) to cigarette smoke.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 88

Pregunta
A patient complaining of fever, dyspnea, and a productive cough with green sputum most likely has what condition?
Respuesta
  • acute pulmonary edema
  • pneumonia
  • emphysema
  • ARDS

Pregunta 89

Pregunta
Your patient presents with chest pain, SOB, and hypotension. What is a differential diagnosis for what seems to be cardiac chest pain?
Respuesta
  • pulmonary edema
  • deep vein thrombosis
  • pulmonary embolism
  • pneumonia

Pregunta 90

Pregunta
A pulmonary embolism is only caused by a thrombus or air bubble that has embolized to the lungs.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 91

Pregunta
Projectile vomiting in the absence of nausea or retching may indicate:
Respuesta
  • A potential head injury
  • Ingestion of unrefrigerated, Thursday night pub pizza
  • Ingestion of 4-day-old Chinese food
  • A malignant brain tumor or other brain lesion
  • A and D

Pregunta 92

Pregunta
Prolonged diarrhea may cause:
Respuesta
  • dehydration
  • weight gain
  • electrolyte imbalance
  • metabolic acidosis
  • A C and D

Pregunta 93

Pregunta
Visceral pain is localized and intense as organs are heavily innervated by sensory nerves.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 94

Pregunta
A patient with a history of cholecystitis complains of pain to his back. This is an example of ____________ pain.
Respuesta
  • parietal
  • visceral
  • referred
  • sissy

Pregunta 95

Pregunta
NSAIDs are drugs that contribute to gastritis through the inhibition of mucous secretion.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 96

Pregunta
Which of the following drugs are classified as NSAIDs?
Respuesta
  • asprin
  • ibuprofen
  • morphine
  • ketorolac
  • A and B
  • A B and D

Pregunta 97

Pregunta
In extreme cases of peptic ulcer disease, perforation of the GI wall can occur.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 98

Pregunta
After cholecystitis, appendicitis is the second most common surgical emergency in the abdomen.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 99

Pregunta
Rebound tenderness in which abdominal quadrant may suggest appendicitis?
Respuesta
  • LUQ
  • LLQ
  • RUQ
  • RLQ

Pregunta 100

Pregunta
Liver cirrhosis is reversible with the adoption of healthy lifestyle changes.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 101

Pregunta
The other name for kidney/renal stones is:
Respuesta
  • gallstones
  • calculi
  • diverticuli
  • renal deposits

Pregunta 102

Pregunta
Acute renal failure is typically associated with a urine output of less than ______ml/hr.
Respuesta
  • 10
  • 30
  • 60
  • 200

Pregunta 103

Pregunta
Functions of the lymphatic system include:
Respuesta
  • body defense
  • returning escaped fluids back to the blood
  • thermoregulation
  • nerve impulse transmission
  • A and B
  • A B and C

Pregunta 104

Pregunta
Lymphatic vessels are similar to arteries in that skeletal muscle plays a large role in "milking" them to return fluid back to the heart.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 105

Pregunta
Cells that are prevalent within the lymph nodes include:
Respuesta
  • plateletes
  • macrophages
  • lymphcytes
  • erythrocytes
  • B and C
  • all of the above

Pregunta 106

Pregunta
Functions of the spleen include:
Respuesta
  • Filtering of blood
  • Destroys worn our blood cells
  • Acts as a blood reservoir
  • Forms blood cells in the fetus
  • All of the above

Pregunta 107

Pregunta
Match the line of defense with a component contained within it: [blank_start]Third line[blank_end]: lymphocytes and antibodies [blank_start]First line[blank_end]: skim [blank_start]Second line[blank_end]: the inflammatory response
Respuesta
  • Third line
  • First line
  • Second line

Pregunta 108

Pregunta
The inflammatory response is considered part of the innate defense system.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 109

Pregunta
Redness, heat, swelling, and ____________ most often accompany the inflammatory response.
Respuesta
  • Delirium
  • Pain
  • Diaphoresis
  • Numbness

Pregunta 110

Pregunta
Although the inflammatory response can cause adverse S/S, it is a protective response in the body.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 111

Pregunta
The primary and most prevalent chemical mediator responsible for consuming foreign material during the inflammatory response is:
Respuesta
  • Neutrophils
  • Basophils
  • Serotonin
  • Histamine

Pregunta 112

Pregunta
What structure in the body is responsible for heat regulation?
Respuesta
  • Pituitary
  • Adrenals
  • Thyroid
  • Hypothalamus

Pregunta 113

Pregunta
Antibodies recognize ____________ prior to initiating an immune response.
Respuesta
  • mRNA
  • Intracellular proteins
  • DNA
  • Antigens

Pregunta 114

Pregunta
Cellular immunity plays the primary role in targeting virus-infected cells.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 115

Pregunta
Obtaining antibodies from a transfer from mother to fetus is an example of passive immunity.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 116

Pregunta
Massive histamine release during an allergic reaction can cause:
Respuesta
  • Vasodilation
  • Increased mucus production
  • Bronchospasm
  • All of the above

Pregunta 117

Pregunta
The CNS is composed of:
Respuesta
  • The brain
  • The brain and the spinal cord
  • The brain, spinal cord, and cranial nerves
  • The brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, and spinal nerves

Pregunta 118

Pregunta
The sympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system would typically cause which of the following effects?
Respuesta
  • Decreased resp rate
  • Decreased BP
  • Decreased HR
  • Increased HR

Pregunta 119

Pregunta
The cells responsible for forming myelin in the CNS are:
Respuesta
  • Oligodendrocytes
  • Astrocytes
  • Microglia
  • Schwann cells

Pregunta 120

Pregunta
The cells responsible for forming myelin in the PNS are:
Respuesta
  • Microglia
  • Schwann cells
  • Oligodendrocytes
  • Astrocytes

Pregunta 121

Pregunta
The primary extracellular ion responsible in the generation of an action potential is:
Respuesta
  • Magnesium
  • Sodium
  • Calcium
  • Potassium

Pregunta 122

Pregunta
When a neuron is resting, it is more positive outside than inside.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 123

Pregunta
During repolarization, the sodium-potassium pump uses ____________ to return the neuron to a resting state.
Respuesta
  • ATP
  • ADP
  • Acetylcholinesterase
  • Acetylcholine

Pregunta 124

Pregunta
____________ is the ion responsible for triggering the relase of neurotransmitters from the axon terminal.
Respuesta
  • Potassium
  • Sodium
  • Magnesium
  • Calcium

Pregunta 125

Pregunta
Match the parts of the brain stem with their function: Medulla oblongata; reticular formation; midbrain [blank_start]Medulla oblongata[blank_end]: Contains control centers that regulate heart rate and breathing [blank_start]Midbrai[blank_end]n: Contains reflex centers for vision and hearing [blank_start]Reticular formation[blank_end]: Regulates awake/sleep cycles and consciousness
Respuesta
  • Medulla oblongata
  • Midbrai
  • Reticular formation

Pregunta 126

Pregunta
The meninges, in order from outermost layer (superficial) to innermost layer (deep) are:
Respuesta
  • pia - dura - arachnoid
  • pia - arachnoid - dura
  • dura - arachnoid - pia
  • arachnoid - dura - pia

Pregunta 127

Pregunta
The lacrimal apparatus is responsible for producing and emptying lacrimal fluid (tears) in the eyes.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 128

Pregunta
The ____________ allows for light to pass into the eye.
Respuesta
  • aqueous humor
  • lens
  • cornea
  • sclera

Pregunta 129

Pregunta
Rods are photoreceptors that allow for detailed color vision.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 130

Pregunta
The blind spot in the eye is formed by:
Respuesta
  • Optic nerve
  • Vitreous humor
  • Cones in the center of the retina
  • Rods towards the edges of the retina

Pregunta 131

Pregunta
Match the endocrine glands with the hormone(s) they release: [blank_start]Thyroid[blank_end] – Thyroid hormone and calcitonin, [blank_start]Ovaries[blank_end] – Estrogen and progesterone, [blank_start]Pineal gland[blank_end] – Melatonin, [blank_start]Posterior pituitary[blank_end] – ADH and ocytocin, [blank_start]Pancreas[blank_end] – Insulin and glucagon, [blank_start]Adrenals[blank_end] – Aldosterone and cortisol Posterior pituitary, adrenals, pancreas, ovaries, pineal gland, thyroid
Respuesta
  • Thyroid
  • Ovaries
  • Pineal gland
  • Posterior pituitary
  • Pancreas
  • Adrenals

Pregunta 132

Pregunta
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus is an autoimmune disease most prevalent in young women.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 133

Pregunta
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus may present with the following S/S:
Respuesta
  • diffuse uticaria
  • pleurisy
  • fever and malaise
  • diabetes insipidus
  • diffuse facial erythema

Pregunta 134

Pregunta
Seizure activity is precipitated by a sudden, explosive, and disorderly depolarization of cerebral neurons.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 135

Pregunta
Satus Epilepticus can be defined as:
Respuesta
  • One or more seizures occurring in succession without the patient fully regaining consciousness
  • Two or more seizures occurring in succession without the patient fully regaining consciousness
  • Three or more seizures occurring in succession without the patient fully regaining consciousness
  • Four or more seizures occurring in succession without the patient fully regaining consciousness

Pregunta 136

Pregunta
The pathophysiology of seizures focuses on an apparent decrease in neuronal cell permeability and hyposensitivity.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 137

Pregunta
The maintenance of seizure activity demands a ________% increase in ATP.
Respuesta
  • 100
  • 150
  • 200
  • 250

Pregunta 138

Pregunta
Nuchal rigidity is a common finding in cases of meningitis.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 139

Pregunta
Severe cases of encephalitis may cause:
Respuesta
  • Edema and nuchal rigidity
  • Inflamed meninges and decreased ICP
  • Ischemia and decreased ICP
  • Edema, necrosis, and increased ICP

Pregunta 140

Pregunta
Multiple Sclerosis is more common in men than woman.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 141

Pregunta
Multiple sclerosis is a relatively common autoimmune disorder that diffusely involves the:
Respuesta
  • CNS
  • Spinal nerves
  • CNS and PNS
  • PNS

Pregunta 142

Pregunta
Cataracts can cause:
Respuesta
  • Decreased visual acuity
  • Blurred vision
  • Glare
  • Decreased colour perception
  • All of the above

Pregunta 143

Pregunta
Shock results in tissue hypoperfusion and metabolic alkalosis secondary to inadequate oxygen delivery to the tissues.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 144

Pregunta
Inadequate systemic oxygen delivery triggers the ____________ nervous system into action
Respuesta
  • Somatic
  • Sensory
  • Parasympathetic
  • Sympathetic

Pregunta 145

Pregunta
Decreased oxygen delivery to the cells during shock leads to cellular swelling and eventual lysis and death.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 146

Pregunta
Hypovolemic shock can be classified as either hemorrhagic or non-hemorrhagic.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 147

Pregunta
A history of recent ____________ with the presence of shock S/S would lead the EMT to believe that the patient is in septic shock.
Respuesta
  • Infection
  • MI
  • Trauma
  • GI Bleed

Pregunta 148

Pregunta
A patient complains of severe substernal chest pain. He is hypotensive, tachycardia, and diaphoretic. What type of shock is the patient most likely in?
Respuesta
  • Cardiogenic
  • Obstructive
  • Septic
  • Neurogenic

Pregunta 149

Pregunta
The most important treatment that an EMT can provide to a patient suffering from anaphylactic shock (after maintaining the airway and providing oxygen) is:
Respuesta
  • Epinephrine
  • Benadryl
  • Atrovent
  • Ringers lactate

Pregunta 150

Pregunta
Neurogenic shock results from an interruption of parasympathetic influence to the body tissues secondary to spinal cord injury. This causes hypotension, tachycardia, and pallor.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 151

Pregunta
Causes of obstructive shock include:
Respuesta
  • Tension pneumothorax
  • Pleuritis
  • Abdominal aortic aneurysm
  • Cardiac tamponade

Pregunta 152

Pregunta
Cardiac tamponade is characterized by hypotension, muffled heart sounds, and ____________.
Respuesta
  • Tracheal deviation
  • Flushed, dry skin
  • Decreased air entry
  • Jugular venous distenstion
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