Test
Cardiovascular & Thoracic Surgery - CM (31-60)
Preguntas del test (30)
1On chest X ray in antero-posterior projection, in patients with tetralogy of Fallot, the pulmonary hilum may be dilated because of the following:
- AThe trunk of the pulmonary artery
- BAscending aorta
- CSuperior vena cava
- DPresence of the left vena cava
- ERight ventricular ejection tract
2The Ebstein abnormality is not characterized by the following anatomical modification:
- APositioning the tricuspid valve cusps in the right ventricle
- BShortening of the cords and hypoplasia of the papillary muscles of the tricuspid valve
- CASD type Ostium Secundum, or the presence of FOP
- DIncreasing the size of the chambers of the right heart
- EAbnormal drainage of the pulmonary veins
3In Ebstein's disease, hemodynamics is characterized by:
- ARegurgitation at the level of the tricuspid valve
- BShunt right to left at the level of the atria
- CModerate or severe hypoxemia
- DMitral valve insufficiency
- EModerate hypovolemia in the pulmonary circuit
4From the following, which one is not a specific clinical sign for cyanogenic CHD?
- ACyanosis
- BDecreased appetite
- CGrowth retardation
- DDyspnea
- EFrequent respiratory infections
5Which of the following is a cause for cyanosis?
- APulmonary diseases
- BRenal disease
- CCardiac disease
- DHematological diseases
- EPathologies of the CNS
6Which of the following pathologies is not a CHD with differentiated cyanosis?
- AAtrioventricular canal
- BFallot tetralogy
- CTruncus arteriosus
- DInterrupted aortic arch
- EPulmonary artery atresia
7Which of the following is the cause of death in the evolution of cyanogenic
CHD?- AHypoxic spell
- BProgression of cyanosis
- CHeart failure
- DInfectious endocarditis
- EBilateral pneumonia
8The most commonly used palliative interventions for cyanotic CHD are:
- AThe Rashkind procedure
- BBlalock-Taussing intersystemic anastomosis
- CBlalock-Taussing modified intersystemic anastomosis
- DPulmonary artery banding
- EAnastomosis Glenn
9Which of the following are palliative operations:
- AThe Rashkind procedure
- BBlalock-Taussing intersystemic anastomosis
- CArterial switch
- DPulmonary artery banding
- EAnastomosis Glenn
10What are the maneuvers to stop a hypoxic spell?
- AKnee-chest position
- BAdministration of concentrated oxygen through the face mask
- CCalming the child with sedatives
- DIntravenous administration of bolus fluids
- EAdministration of spasmolytic medication
11Which of the following are steps in the radical correction of the Fallot
Tetralogy?- AInfundibulectomy
- BPlastia of the VSD
- CEnlargement of the right ventricular ejection tract
- DAnastomosis of the vena cava with the pulmonary artery
- EApplication of homographs in pulmonary position if necessary
12Which of the following is not a feature of the transposition of the great
arteries?- AThe aorta starts from the left ventricle, the pulmonary artery from the right ventricle
- BThe aorta starts from the right ventricle, the pulmonary artery from the left ventricle
- CThe mixing of the blood circuits takes place
- DBoth main vessels start from the right ventricle
- EBoth main vessels start from the left ventricle
13The Rashkind procedure is not characterized by:
- ASVC anastomosis to the pulmonary artery
- BAnastomosis between the subclavian artery and the pulmonary artery
- CEndovascular procedure that ends with the "rupture" of the interatrial septum
- DNarrowing of the pulmonary artery
- EEndovascular procedure that ends with the widening of the aortic coarctation site
14Which anatomical structures allow the mixing of blood in the transposition of the great vessels?
- APDA
- BPatent foramen ovale or atrial septal defect
- CCommon atrioventricular valve
- DThe common arterial trunk
- EVentricular septal defect
15Which of the following is a type of aberrant venous pulmonary drainage?
- ASupracardiac type
- BIntracardiac type
- CInfracardiac type
- DAortic type
- ELeft atrial type
16Which of the following can serve as a drainage site for aberrant pulmonary veins?
- AThe superior vena cava
- BInferior vena cava
- CRight atrium
- DJugular vein
- EFemoral vein
17Which of the following is not a basic feature for tricuspid valve atresia:
- ALack of communication between the right atrium and the right ventricle
- BLack of communication between the left atrium and the left ventricle
- CHigher blood flow from the right atrium to the right ventricle
- DHigher blood flow to the pulmonary artery
- EThe systemic and pulmonary blood circuits do not communicate with each other
18By what mechanism is the survival of children with tricuspid valve atresia
ensured?- AMixing of blood through the common ventricular-arterial valve
- BMixing of blood through ASD with right-to-left shunting
- CMixing the blood through the VSD with the left to right shunt
- DMixing of blood through the PDA with left to right shunt
- EAll listed
19What is characteristic for the Fontan Operation?
- AAnastomosis of the superior vena cava to the pulmonary artery
- BAnastomosis between the subclavian artery and the pulmonary artery
- CEndovascular procedure that ends with the "rupture" of the interatrial septum
- DNarrowing of the pulmonary artery
- EExclusion of the right parts of the heart from the cardiac cycle by anastomosis of the vena cava to the pulmonary artery
20What is characteristic for the operation in cone on the tricuspid valve?
- ASVC anastomosis to the pulmonary artery
- BReposition on 360º of the tricuspid valve cusps on the native valve ring
- CEndovascular procedure that ends with the "rupture" of the interatrial septum
- DResection of the misaligned cusps of the tricuspid valve
- ESuturing the atrialized portion of the right ventricle
21As compensatory mechanisms for cyanogenic heart defects, the most
common are:- APolycythemia
- BAnemia
- CDecreased coagulation
- DDecreased blood viscosity
- EHyperglobulinemia
22Congenital heart defects are characterized by:
- AStructural, functional, or heart position defect
- BIsolated or complex heart defect
- CPresent from birth
- DIt can manifest immediately or later in life
- ERepresent complications during childbirth
23For cyanotic congenital heart defects it is characteristic:
- AIncidence of 8-10 per 1000 full-term births
- BThe risk increases in children with parents suffering from CHD
- CIt is the most common cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality
- DThe incidence increases in premature births
- ECyanosis becomes more pronounced with child's age advance
24What is the predominant type of heart tumors?
- APrimary more often than secondary
- BMalignant more often than benign
- CThe most frequent primary tumors are benign
- DThe most frequent primary tumors are malignant
- EAll answers are correct
25Which of the following are symptoms of heart tumors?
- ASystemic symptoms (fever, weight loss, etc.)
- BEmbolic symptoms (embolization in the pulmonary artery or cerebral arteries)
- CDyspeptic symptoms (nausea, loss of appetite)
- DCardiac symptoms (occlusion of blood flow, arrhythmias)
- ESymptoms secondary to tumor metastasis (superior vena cava syndrome, etc.)
26The Corney complex is characterized by:
- AAutosomal dominant pathology
- BMultiple heart myxomas
- CExtracardiac myxomas (skin, breast)
- DHyperactivity of the endocrine glands
- EHyperactivity of the exocrine glands
27Which of the following is not a tumor that usually affects the heart valves?
- AMixoma
- BFibroma
- CFibroelastoma
- DRhabdomyoma
- ELipoma
28Most commonly secondary heart tumors derive from:
- AMelanoma
- BBreast cancer
- CKidney cancer
- DLymphoma
- ELipoma
29The symptoms of mediastinal tumors are:
- AHoarse voice
- BCardiac tamponade
- CCough
- DDysphagia
- EPalpitations
30Prognosis for primary malignant heart tumors:
- AIt is negative, caused by the rapid intramural growth of tumors
- BIt depends on the reactivity to chemotherapy
- CIt is usually up to one year
- DIt is aggravated by the rapid production of metastases
- EIt is favorable, characterized by rapid regression of tumors
Información
- Descripción
- 5/6 (Cardiovascular & Thoracic Surgery) USMF, MED. 2, 5th Year Test sobre Cardiovascular & Thoracic Surgery - CM (31-60), creado por Sonya B. el 23/09/2026.
- Autor
- Sonya B.
- Idioma
- English
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