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Practice Set (7) - Flow Phenomena / Vascular Imaging / Cardiac Imaging

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Diploma Magnetic Resonance Test sobre Practice Set (7) - Flow Phenomena / Vascular Imaging / Cardiac Imaging, creado por Thea Ampofo el 30/01/2016.
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Pregunta 1

Pregunta
Blood flow that has consistent velocities within a vessel is known as what type offlow
Respuesta
  • Turbulent flow
  • Laminar flow
  • Vortex flow
  • Stagnant flow

Pregunta 2

Pregunta
Blood flow that has randomly different velocities is known as what type of flow
Respuesta
  • Turbulent flow
  • Laminar flow
  • Vortex flow
  • Stagnant flow

Pregunta 3

Pregunta
Blood flow that has high velocities in the center of the vessel but spirals near walls of a vessel due to a stricture is known as what type of flow
Respuesta
  • Turbulent flow
  • Laminar flow
  • Vortex flow
  • Stagnant flow

Pregunta 4

Pregunta
Blood flow that slows to a point of immobility is known as what type of flow
Respuesta
  • Turbulent flow
  • Laminar flow
  • Vortex flow
  • Stagnant flow

Pregunta 5

Pregunta
Blood flow velocity is measured in what type of unit
Respuesta
  • Gauss/sec
  • mm/sec
  • cm/sec
  • inches/sec

Pregunta 6

Pregunta
Which of the following is the formula that is used to calculate blood flow velocity
Respuesta
  • Velocity = Flow volume / Vessel area
  • Velocity = Vessel area / Flow volume
  • Velocity = Flow volume + vessel area
  • Velocity = Vessel area - Flow volume

Pregunta 7

Pregunta
Blood flow velocity is greatest near which area of the vessel
Respuesta
  • Vessel walls
  • Vessel center
  • None of the above

Pregunta 8

Pregunta
Blood flow velocity at a given point is dependent upon which factor
Respuesta
  • Patient sex
  • Phase of patient's cardiac cycle
  • Patient's weight
  • None of the above

Pregunta 9

Pregunta
During peak systolic phase of the cardiac cycle, blood flow velocities are dependent upon what factor(s)
Respuesta
  • Patient age
  • Cardiac output
  • Anatomical site
  • Patient age, Cardiac output & Anatomical site

Pregunta 10

Pregunta
Which of the following vessels has the highest peak velocity
Respuesta
  • Ascending aorta
  • Distal aorta
  • Proximal carotids
  • Basilar artery

Pregunta 11

Pregunta
Which of the following vessels has the slowest peak velocity
Respuesta
  • Ascending aorta
  • Middle cerebral arteries
  • Proximal carotid arteries
  • Venous vessels

Pregunta 12

Pregunta
Typical peak velocities of the ascending aorta are usually within what range
Respuesta
  • 150 - 175 cm/sec
  • 100 - 160 cm/sec
  • 80 - 120 cm/sec
  • 40 - 70 cm/sec

Pregunta 13

Pregunta
Typical peak velocities of the distal aorta and iliac vessels are usually within what range
Respuesta
  • 150 - 175 cm/sec
  • 100 - 160 cm/sec
  • 80 - 120 cm/sec
  • 40 - 70 cm/sec

Pregunta 14

Pregunta
Typical peak velocities of the proximal carotid, brachial and superficial femoral arteries are usually within what range
Respuesta
  • 150 - 175 cm/sec
  • 100 - 160 cm/sec
  • 80 - 120 cm/sec
  • 40 - 70 cm/sec

Pregunta 15

Pregunta
Typical peak velocities of the middle and anterior cerebral arteries are usually within what range
Respuesta
  • 150 - 175 cm/sec
  • 100 - 150 cm/sec
  • 40 - 70 cm/sec
  • 30 - 50 cm/sec

Pregunta 16

Pregunta
Typical peak velocities of the vertebral and basilar arteries are usually within what range
Respuesta
  • 80 - 120 cm/sec
  • 50-70 cm/sec
  • 30-50 cm/sec
  • under 20 cm/sec

Pregunta 17

Pregunta
The speed at which blood flows through an excited slice and only receives one RF pulse is known as what type of phenomenon
Respuesta
  • Time of flight phenomenon
  • Entry slice phenomenon
  • Intra-voxel dephasing
  • None of the above

Pregunta 18

Pregunta
To produce signal in a spin echo pulse sequence, blood flow must receive both the 90 degree and the 180 degree RF pulse.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 19

Pregunta
Blood flow that receives a 90 degree excitation pulse but not a 180 degree rephasing pulse produces what type of signal
Respuesta
  • High signal
  • Low signal
  • No signal

Pregunta 20

Pregunta
Blood flow that receives a 180 degree rephasing pulse but not a 90 degree excitation pulse produces what type of signal
Respuesta
  • High signal
  • Low signal
  • No signal

Pregunta 21

Pregunta
The magnitude of time of flight phenomenon effects is dependent upon which factor(s)
Respuesta
  • Velocity of flow
  • TE
  • Slice thickness
  • All of the above

Pregunta 22

Pregunta
As blood flow velocity increases, the effects of time of flight phenomenon
Respuesta
  • Increase
  • Decrease
  • Stays the same

Pregunta 23

Pregunta
As blood flow velocity decreases, the effects of time of flight phenomenon
Respuesta
  • Increases
  • Decreases
  • Stays the same

Pregunta 24

Pregunta
As the echo time increases, the effects of time of flight phenomenon
Respuesta
  • Increase
  • Decrease
  • Stay the same

Pregunta 25

Pregunta
As echo time decreases, the effects of time offlight phenomenon
Respuesta
  • Increases
  • Decreases
  • Stays the same

Pregunta 26

Pregunta
As slice thickness increases, the effects of time of flight phenomenon
Respuesta
  • Increase
  • Decrease
  • Stay the same

Pregunta 27

Pregunta
As slice thickness decreases, the effects of time of flight phenomenon
Respuesta
  • Increase
  • Decrease
  • Stay the same

Pregunta 28

Pregunta
In a gradient echo pulse sequence, blood flow that receives the initial RF pulse produces what type of signal
Respuesta
  • High
  • Low
  • No signal

Pregunta 29

Pregunta
The flow phenomenon that is characterized by the contrast differences between fresh flowing nuclei entering a slice and stationary tissue within that slice is known as
Respuesta
  • Time of flight phenomenon
  • Entry slice phenomenon
  • Intra-voxel dephasing
  • None of the above

Pregunta 30

Pregunta
Entry slice phenomenon is most prominent in what slice of the area scanned
Respuesta
  • First slice
  • Middle slice
  • Last slice
  • Affects all the same

Pregunta 31

Pregunta
The effects of entry slice phenomenon are dependent upon which factor(s)
Respuesta
  • Repetition time
  • Slice thickness
  • Velocity of flow
  • All of the above

Pregunta 32

Pregunta
When TR is decreased, the effects of entry slice phenomenon
Respuesta
  • Increase
  • Decrease
  • Stay the same

Pregunta 33

Pregunta
When TR is increased, the effects of entry slice phenomenon
Respuesta
  • Increase
  • Decrease
  • Stay the same

Pregunta 34

Pregunta
When slice thickness is increased, the effects of entry slice phenomenon
Respuesta
  • Increase
  • Decrease
  • Stay the same

Pregunta 35

Pregunta
When slice thickness is decreased, the effects of entry slice phenomenon
Respuesta
  • Increase
  • Decrease
  • Stay the same

Pregunta 36

Pregunta
When the velocity of flow increases, the effects of entry slice phenomenon
Respuesta
  • Increase
  • Decrease
  • Stay the same

Pregunta 37

Pregunta
When the velocity of flow decreases, the effects of entry slice phenomenon
Respuesta
  • Increase
  • Decrease
  • Stay the same

Pregunta 38

Pregunta
The direction of blood flow is an important factor in determining the effects of entry slice phenomenon
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 39

Pregunta
Blood flow that travels in the same direction in which the slices are acquired is known as what type of flow
Respuesta
  • Counter current flow
  • Vortex flow
  • Stagnant flow
  • Co-current flow

Pregunta 40

Pregunta
Blood flow that travels in the opposite direction in which the slices are acquired is known as what type of flow
Respuesta
  • Counter current flow
  • Vortex flow
  • Stagnant flow
  • Co-current flow

Pregunta 41

Pregunta
When the direction of blood flow is opposite the direction in which slices are acquired, the effects of entry slice phenomenon
Respuesta
  • Increase
  • Decrease
  • Stay the same

Pregunta 42

Pregunta
When the direction of blood flow is the same as the direction in which slices are acquired, the effects of entry slice phenomenon
Respuesta
  • Increase
  • Decrease
  • Stay the same

Pregunta 43

Pregunta
The flow phenomenon that is characterized by phase differences between flowing and stationary nuclei within a voxel is known as
Respuesta
  • Time of flight phenomenon
  • Entry slice phenomenon
  • Intra-voxel dephasing
  • None of the above

Pregunta 44

Pregunta
The magnitude of intra-voxel dephasing is dependent upon which factor(s)
Respuesta
  • Degree of disruption in the flow
  • Echo time
  • Repetition time
  • None of the above

Pregunta 45

Pregunta
In which of the following types of flow can intra-voxel dephasing be compensated for
Respuesta
  • Turbulent flow
  • Vortex flow
  • Stagnant flow
  • Laminar flow

Pregunta 46

Pregunta
The use of an additional gradient to correct the effects of intra-voxel dephasing is a technique known as
Respuesta
  • Gradient moment rephasing
  • Intra-voxel misregistration
  • Gradient moment nulling
  • Gradient moment rephasing & Gradient moment nulling

Pregunta 47

Pregunta
Gradient moment nulling is most effective on which type of flow
Respuesta
  • Slow turbulent flow
  • Fast laminar flow
  • Slow laminar flow
  • Fast vortex flow

Pregunta 48

Pregunta
The effects of time of flight and entry slice phenomena can be minimized by which method
Respuesta
  • Gradient moment nulling
  • Pre-saturation RF pulse
  • Respiratory compensation
  • None of the above

Pregunta 49

Pregunta
The method of acquiring more than one echo that are multiples of each other to reduce intra-voxel dephasing is known as
Respuesta
  • Gradient moment nulling
  • Pre-saturation RF pulse
  • Even echo rephasing
  • None of the above

Pregunta 50

Pregunta
Which of the following conventional MRI techniques can be used to produce contrast differences between vascular structures and stationary structures
Respuesta
  • Gradient moment nulling
  • Respiratory compensation
  • Pre-saturation pulse
  • Gradient moment nulling & Pre-saturation pulse

Pregunta 51

Pregunta
Which of the following is the conventional technique used to produce a black appearance in vascular structures
Respuesta
  • Short TE, Short TR, Pre-saturation pulse
  • Long TE, Short TR, Gradient moment nulling
  • Long TE, Long TR, Respiratory compensation
  • None of the above

Pregunta 52

Pregunta
Which of the following is the conventional technique used to produce a bright appearance in vascular structures
Respuesta
  • Pre-saturation pulse
  • Respiratory compensation
  • Gradient moment nulling
  • None of the above

Pregunta 53

Pregunta
The vascular imaging method that maximizes vascular contrast while also suppressing stationary tissue is known as
Respuesta
  • Magnetic resonance mammography
  • Magnetic resonance angiography
  • Black Blood imaging
  • Zeugmatography

Pregunta 54

Pregunta
Which of the following is a method used inMRAto suppress stationary tissue
Respuesta
  • Tissue subtraction
  • Tissue saturation
  • Gradientmomentnulling
  • Tissue subtraction & Tissue saturation

Pregunta 55

Pregunta
Which of the following is a method used in MRA to increase signal from vascular structures
Respuesta
  • Gradient moment nulling
  • Subtraction
  • Bipolar gradient
  • Gradient moment nulling & Bipolar gradient

Pregunta 56

Pregunta
The type of MRA that uses gradient echo pulse sequences and gradient moment nulling to enhance flow is known as
Respuesta
  • Digital subtraction
  • TOFMRA
  • PCMRA
  • Velocity encoding

Pregunta 57

Pregunta
In TOF MRA, which method is used to suppress signal from stationary tissue?
Respuesta
  • Saturation
  • Subtraction
  • Gradient moment nulling
  • None of the above

Pregunta 58

Pregunta
TOF MRA is most sensitive to blood flow that flows in what direction in relation to the slice
Respuesta
  • Parallel
  • Perpendicular

Pregunta 59

Pregunta
Which of the following is a disadvantage of TOF MRA
Respuesta
  • Parallel flow can be suppressed
  • Slow flow can be suppressed
  • Stationary tissue with short Tl relaxation times can produce signal
  • All of the above

Pregunta 60

Pregunta
Which of the following is an advantage of TOF MRA
Respuesta
  • Relatively short scan times
  • Increased sensitivity to flow
  • Decreased sensitivity to intra-voxel dephasing
  • All of the above

Pregunta 61

Pregunta
Which of the following TOF MRA sequences is most likely to saturate slow flow
Respuesta
  • 3DTOF
  • 2DTOF

Pregunta 62

Pregunta
The type of MRA that produces image contrast based on the differences in phase shifts between blood flow and stationary tissue is known as
Respuesta
  • TOFMRA
  • Velocity encoding
  • PCMRA
  • None ofthe above

Pregunta 63

Pregunta
Which of the following type of MRA uses a bipolar gradient to enhance vascular structures
Respuesta
  • TOFMRA
  • Bright blood imaging
  • Phase contrast MRA
  • Black Blood imaging

Pregunta 64

Pregunta
Which of the following is a type of image that is produced by phase contrast MRA?
Respuesta
  • Magnitude image
  • Frequency image
  • Phase image
  • Magnitude image & Phase image

Pregunta 65

Pregunta
Which of the following is an advantage of phase contrast MRA
Respuesta
  • Increased stationary tissue suppression
  • Sensitive to flow in all directions
  • Sensitive to flow with various velocities
  • All of the above

Pregunta 66

Pregunta
Which of the following is a disadvantage of phase contrast MRA
Respuesta
  • Long scan times
  • Reduced intra-voxel dephasing
  • Increased sensitivity to turbulence
  • Long scan times & Increased sensitivity to turbulence

Pregunta 67

Pregunta
Which of the following PC MRA techniques provides the highest signal to noise ratio and spacial resolution
Respuesta
  • 2DPCMRA
  • 3DPCMRA

Pregunta 68

Pregunta
The method that is most commonly used to reduce artifact produced by cardiac motion when scanning the chest is known as
Respuesta
  • Respiratory gating
  • Respiratory compensation
  • Cardiac gating
  • None of the above

Pregunta 69

Pregunta
Two types of cardiac gating that are most commonly used are known as
Respuesta
  • Respiratory gating, Respiratory compensation
  • ECG gating, Peripheral gating
  • Pseudo gating, Respiratory gating
  • None of the above

Pregunta 70

Pregunta
The P wave of the ECG represents which phase of the cardiac cycle
Respuesta
  • Atrial systole
  • Ventricular systole
  • Ventricular diastole
  • Atrial diastole

Pregunta 71

Pregunta
The QRS wave of the ECG represents which phase of the cardiac cycle?
Respuesta
  • Atrial systole
  • Ventricular systole
  • Ventricular diastole
  • Atrial diastole

Pregunta 72

Pregunta
The T wave of the ECG represents which phase of the cardiac cycle
Respuesta
  • Atrial systole
  • Ventricular systole
  • Ventricular diastole
  • Atrial diastole

Pregunta 73

Pregunta
During cardiac gating, which wave is used to trigger each pulse sequence
Respuesta
  • P wave
  • Q wave
  • R wave
  • T wave

Pregunta 74

Pregunta
During cardiac gating, the time between two consecutive R waves is known as
Respuesta
  • Trigger window
  • Trigger delay
  • R-R interval
  • None of the above

Pregunta 75

Pregunta
The ECG wave with the highest electrical amplitude is known as the
Respuesta
  • R wave
  • Q wave
  • T wave
  • P wave

Pregunta 76

Pregunta
During cardiac gating, TR is dependent upon which factor(s)
Respuesta
  • The patient's heart rate
  • The R- R interval
  • The Q - R interval
  • The patient's heart rate & The R- R interval

Pregunta 77

Pregunta
During cardiac gating, which factors are affected by having an effective TR
Respuesta
  • Image weighting
  • Number of slices
  • Scan time
  • All of the above

Pregunta 78

Pregunta
During cardiac gating, the waiting time between the R wave and the start of the data acquisition is known as
Respuesta
  • Repetition time
  • Inversion time
  • Trigger delay
  • Echo delay

Pregunta 79

Pregunta
During cardiac gating, the waiting time before each R wave is known as
Respuesta
  • Repetition time
  • Inversion time
  • Trigger delay
  • Trigger window

Pregunta 80

Pregunta
During cardiac gating, which of the following is the formula used to calculate available imaging time
Respuesta
  • F=yBo
  • Time = R-R interval- (trigger window + trigger delay)
  • Time R-R interval + (trigger window + trigger delay)
  • None of the above

Pregunta 81

Pregunta
The type of cardiac gating that detects the increase in blood volume in the capillary bed during systole is known as
Respuesta
  • ECG gating
  • Pseudo gating
  • Peripheral gating
  • None of the above

Pregunta 82

Pregunta
During cardiac gating, one R-R interval and a short TE is used to produce what type of image
Respuesta
  • T1 weighting
  • T2 weighting
  • Proton density weighting
  • None of the above
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