Test
Atmospheric Pollution
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Preguntas del test (60)
1Which factors contribute to sea Level rise due to climate Change?
- AIncreased number of floods
- BRapid melting of artig ice
- CThermal Expansion and melting of land-bound ice
- DSlow sinking of the continents
- EEnhanced precipitation
2The green house gas effect can be explained by
- AWavelength dependence of absorbtion of Radiation by GHG
- BOzone depletion in the stratosphere
- CThe elliptic path of the earth around the sun
- DEnhanced reflection of Long wave Radiation by GHG
- EEnhanced concentration of dust and carbon monoxide in the atmosphere
3Because Saturation vapour pressure depends on the Surface on which it occurs
- ALifting of air masses leads to condensation
- BClouds grow rapidly when ice particles are introduced
- CSmall Drops grow at the cost of large drops
- DMixing of warmer and colder air masses can lead to mixing fog
4Airborne radionuclide concentrations are especially relevant for
- AInfiltration and Submersion
- BIngestion and Inhalation
- CIngestion and Submersion
- DInhalation and Submersion
- EExposition and Ingestion
5Occult Deposition is
- AAn as yet undiscovered deposition
- BDeposition that is not yet fully understood
- CDeposition by fog, dew, etc.
- DDeposition pollutants attached to aerosols
6For the development of the ozone hole in the Antarctic the following are decisive:
- AHigh CFC concentrations an lack of solar radiation
- BHigh CFC concentrations and temperatures below zero
- CHigh CFC concentration and climate change
- DTemperatures below -‐80°C and Little air mass exchange
7The double strategy in Austrian air Pollution policy consists of
- ALimiting synergistic pollutants simultaneously
- BRequiring the pollutants and the affected to contribute to Emission reductions
- CIncreasing stack heights and Emission standards
- DLimiting Emission according to state-of-the‐art Technology and to stay within air quality
8An end-of-pipe measure is e.g.:
- AUsing more efficient technologies
- BImplementing an Emission trading scheme
- CFilter flue gases
- DTechnological improvements in the process
- EDesulfurization of oil
9Present day GHG emissions of the average Austrian are around
- A50 t per year
- B1 t per year
- C100 t per year
- DNot quantifiable
- E10 t per year
10Climate Change does not involve:
- AChanges in precipitation
- BFrequency of extreme events
- CMore intense earthquakes
- DMelting of polar ice
- ETemperature changes
11Which are not typical effects of mountain Valleys or basins?
- AInducing thermally driven circulations
- BStrong Dispersion of pollutants
- CDevelopment of cold air basins due to Drainage flow
- DInversions
- EChannelling flow
12Stratospheric ozone concentration
- AIs falling in midlatitudes in winter, constant in summer
- BIs falling worldwide
- CIs falling in equatorial regions in winter
- DIs falling in midlatitudes, and strongly falling over Antarcitca
13In climate debate tipping Points are understood to describe
- APoints at which the planet becomes uninhabitable
- BPoints beyond which positiveFeedback mechanisms can no longer be contained by bhumans
- CPoints of time in policy debate when decisive steps are taken
- DGeographical Locations where decisive climate process
14Under clear sky conditions in summer ozone Levels are especially high in bVienna
- AOn weekdays
- BDuring traffic peaks
- COn Sundays and holidays
- DOn Mondays
- EOn Saturdays
- FIn the early morning
15What is NOT true of radioactive decay
- AIs the only way to deplete Radio nuclei
- BDisappears after 5 half‐life times
- CDepends only on the Radio nuclide
- DIs Independent of external influences
- ECan vary over several orders of magnitude
16Which of the following issues is not a mesoscale Pollution Problem?
- AFine particles (PM)
- BTropospheric zone
- CPersistent organic compounds (POP)
- DGreen house gases
- ERadio active substances
17The IPAT equation or Kaya Identity can be used to explain
- AThe Impact of population, air Pollution and Technology on environmental degradation
- BThe Impact of green house gas emissions on climate
- CThe extent to which ecological boundaries have been crossed
- DThe Impact of world population, affluence and Technology on green house gas emissions
- EThe Impact of Lifestyles on environmental Quality and tipping points
18What was the original Definition of smog?
- AA combination of smoke and fog
- BHigh concentrations of photo chemicals
- CCigarette smoke
- DHigh ozone concentrations
19Dispersion models typically consist of 3 modules:
- ATransport Module, Immission Module, Impact Module
- BMeteorology Module, Chemistry Module, Deposition Module
- CEmission Module, Transmission Module, Immission Module
- DMeteorology Module, Chemistry Module and Transport Module
- EMeteorology Module, Transport Module, Deposition Module
20Trajectories are an important part of which kind of Dispersion models?
- AGaussian models
- BDiffusions models
- CLangrangian models
- DRichardson models
- EEulerian models
21Near the earths Surface temperature increases with height
- AWhen wind Speed increases with height
- BWhen wind Speed is low and the Radiation balances at the Surface is negative
- CBecause the distance from sun decreases
- DWhen atmospheric Radiation exceeds terrestrial radiation
- EWhen warm air rises from heated surfaces
- FWhen an Inversion breaks up
22Chronic damage caused by air Pollution can be prevented by
- AStandards expressed in high percentiles
- BLimiting Maximum concentration
- CShort term standards, e.g. hourly means
- DLong term standards, e.g. yearly means
23In an idealised valley the following local circulations are to be expected in fair weather on the early afternoon
- Aonly valley wind
- Bvalley and down slope wind
- Cvalley and up slope wind
- Donly down slope wind
- EMountain and down slope wind
24In order for a Cloud to rain, Cloud droplets must grow
- Athrough coagulation and coalescence with other droplets
- Bthrough freezing and melting
- Cand reach a size 100 times that a small Cloud droplet
- Dthrough Transpiration and evaporation
- Ethrough compression and density increase
- Fthrough condensation and diffusion
25Which of the following radiative processes leads to energy conversion?
- AReflexion
- BAbsorption
- CRefraction
- DDiffusion
26Concentrations caused at a specific Point by a continuous Point source vary strongly
- Ain inversions
- Bin unstable layers
- Cin neutral layers
- Din stable layers under strong wind conditions
- Ein isothermal layers near the ground
27The troposphere
- Ais the bottom layer of the atmosphere in which temperature decreases with height
- Bis the lower part of the planetary boundary layer
- Cis the lower part of the stratosphere and characterized by temperature increase with height
- Dconsists of the planetary boundary layer and the turbulent Surface layer
28Boundaries of the global ecological System seem to have been exceeded regarding
- Aclimate change, Nitrogen cycle and phosphorus cycle
- BNitrogen cycle, phosphorus cycle and biodiversity loss
- Cocean acidification, Nitrogen cycle and biodiversity loss
- Dclimate change, Nitrogen cycle and biodiversity loss
- Eclimate change, ocean acidification and biodiversity loss
29The following is NOT correct regarding albedo:
- AAveraged over the whole globe, Albedo is about 5%
- BAlbedo is higher for snow than for bitumen
- CAlbedo is reflectivity averaged over all wave lengths
- DAlbedo is the ration of reflected to incoming radiation
- EAlbedo increases with the temperature of the reflecting body
30The atmosphere is characterised by
- Aabout 80% nitrogen, 20% Oxygen and 1% Argon content
- Babout 0,03 CO2 and 0,05 water vapour content
- Cabout 80% Oxygen and 20% hydrogen Content near the surface
- Drapid increase of CO2 and decrease of Oxygen concentrations
- Egood mixing of gases up to 120km height
31Which of the following does not heat up faster than global average?
- AContinents
- BArctic
- CAlpine region
- DOceans
32In what latitudes do the highest stratospheric ozone concentrations occur?
- A20°
- B60°
- C80°
- D45°
33The declared aim of the policy of high stacks was to
- AEnhance the chimney effect and create higher effective stack heights
- BMake use of higher wind speeds
- CReduce Maximum immissions on the ground
- DDelay deposition
- EDistribute pollutants over larger areas
34Global temperature increase over the last 150 years is about
- A0,2°C
- B1,2°C
- C0,8°C
- D0,4°C
35What process is not part of Dispersion of pollutants in air?
- AInterception
- BDiffusion
- CDecay
- DDeposition
- ESedimentation
36Clinical studies to determine concentration Limits for humans help to
- AReplace Experiments using animals
- BStudy exposures under normal conditions
- CUnderstand systematic dose-effect relationshi
- DStudy the effects of high exposures
37What is characteristic of an Eulerian model?
- AThe limited amount of Input data and numerical capacity needed
- BA coordinate System that is fixed relative to the earth surface
- CThe good representation of Point sources
- DA grid with increasingly smaller dimensions
38What is the dual role of CFCs in the atmosphere?
- AEnhance chemical reactions and produce stratospheric ozone
- BEnhance chemical reactions and destroy tropospheric ozone
- CContribute to global warming as GHG and deplete ozone
- DDestroy ozone and contribute to Global Dimming
39Inversions can cause high Immission concentrations near the ground
- AWhen pollutants are emitted below the inversion
- BBecause heating is especially intense in these periods
- CWhen pollutants are emitted into the Inversion through high stacks
- DBecause pollutants are pressed downward
40Sulfates can cover large distances in the atmosphere because
- AThey are released in great heights
- BThey are not easily washed‐out
- CTheir lifetime in the atmosphere is long
- DThey are especially light compared to their size
41What data are not relevant for Emission inventories?
- AGeographical Position of sources
- BFlue gas temperature
- CStack height
- DWind speed
- EEmission rates of different pollutant groups
42What human Impact does not (yet) exceed the resilience boundaries of the global ecosystems?
- AClimate change
- BBiodiversity loss
- CAcidification of the ocean
- DNitrogen cycle
43Gaussian models for continuous Point sources assume that
- AEmissions occur at least 10m above ground
- BLife time of pollutants is limited
- CWind Speed exceeds 1m/s
- DPollutant concentration is uniform within the plume
44Stratospheric ozone concentration
- AIs falling in midlatitudes in winter, constant in summer
- BIs falling worldwide
- CIs falling in midlatitudes, and strongly falling over Antarctica
- DIs falling in equatorial regions in winter
45What part of the solar spectrum is primarily responsible for the Cancer in human skin?
- AUVA
- BUVC
- CRoentgen waves
- DUVB
- EInfra-red
46Protections regarding climate in the future do not rely on:
- AAssumptions on GHG emissions
- BAn understanding of radiation
- CAssumptions on the development of the world population
- DMathematical models to simulate physical processes in the atmosphere
- EStatistical extrapolations of the climate Change of the past
47Air flow is influenced near buildings
- ABut the induced turbulence is irrelevant for dispersion
- BUp to about 150m behind the building
- CThe stronger, the smaller the Building is
- DIn the vertical within about 2,5 times the height of the building
48Which is no Green House Gas (GHG)?
- ACarbon monoxide
- BCarbon dioxide
- CWater vapour
- DMethane
- EOzone
49What Feedback mechanism is reinforcing (=positive)?
- AIncrease in CO2, increased biomass, increased evaporation, cooling
- BTemperature decrease, more glaciers, higher Albedo
- CTemperature increase, increased evaporation, increased Cloud cover
- DTemperature increase, forest fires, increased albedo
50Deposition reaches generally its highest values
- AChemical transformation
- BOccult deposition
- CSedimentation
- DWet deposition
51Emission reductions necessary to meet the 2°C goal are consistent with
- A80% reduction in industrialized and unlimited emissions in other nations
- B50% reduction of GHG emissions in industrialized nations
- CFull use of conventional and unconventional reserves
- DAbout 1t of CO2 per Person and year till 2050 in industrialized nations
- EGHG emissions about three times the amount already emitted
52Which is a secondary pollutant?
- AAerosols
- BSulfur dioxide
- CCarbon monoxide
- DNitrogen oxide
- EOzone
53Expected temperature increase in Austria in the next 20-‐50 years is about
- A2‐4°
- B0,5‐1°
- C4-6°
- D5-10°
54Which is NOT a component of the Radiation Balance at the earth’s surface?
- Adiffuse or sky radiation
- Batmospheric Radiation
- Ccelestial radiation
- Dterrestrial radiation
- Edirect solar radiation
55The effective source height
- Ais defined as the sum of stack height and plume rise
- Bdepends on the emitted pollutants
- Cis equal to stack height for hot effluents
- Dis near 40 km for stratospheric ozone
- Eincreases with air temperature
56Climate Change is scientifically proved by
- Aincrease of global mean temperature
- Basdfasdfasdfasdf
57What is the significance of oceans in the global carbon cycle?
- Aa sink, but may become a source
- Bdfgdfgdfgdsfg
58What is not part of geo-‐engineering?
- ASubstitution of fossil energy sources
- Bsdfasdfsdfaas
59Which of the following pollutants are GHGs?
- Aozone, carbon dioxide, methane, water vapour (sind alle GHGs)
- Bfsasadfasdf
60Radiation Balance is clearly negative
- Aday time, inversion, rainfall?
- Bsdfasdf
Información
- Descripción
- Test sobre Atmospheric Pollution, creado por Eva Dutzlr el 30/06/2016.
- Autor
- Eva Dutzlr
- Idioma
- Deutsch
- Visitas
- 57
- Historial
- Creado el 30 jun 2016 · actualizado el 7 mar 2018
- Valoración
- Aún sin valoraciones Valora este test