Test
Biology Olympiad- Origin of Life
Preguntas del test (36)
1How long ago was the Earth formed from a cloud of dust particles surrounding the sun?
- A200-300 million years ago
- B480 billion years ago
- C4500-5000 million years ago
2How was the core of our Earth formed?
- AHeat generated by gravitational compression and radioactive decay melted the interior
- BThe temperature from the sun was so hot that the rock formations on Earth simply melted inwards
- CCombustion of argon
3What molten elements are the Earth's core made out of?
- ANickel and Iron
- BHydrogen and Oxygen
- CMagnesium and Nitrogen
4The Earth's liquid mantle is made out of silicates of which two elements?
- ASilicon and Calcium
- BMagnesium and Iron
- CCarbon and Nitrogen
5What is the Earth's crust made of?
- ALight silicate compounds
- BOnly sedimentary rock
- CMolten lava
6Which gases were present in the first atmosphere of Earth?
- ANitrogen, oxygen, carbon, methane, nitrogen and hydrogen sulphide.
- BHydrogen, water vapour, methane, ammonia, nitrogen and hydrogen sulphide.
- CHydrogen, carbon, water vapour, methane and nitrogen.
7Which property did the early atmosphere have?
- APhotolysis properties
- BOxidising properties
- CReducing properties
8What was missing from the Earth's early atmosphere?
- AOxygen
- BNitrogen
- CWater Vapour
9Where were most of the early useful molecules thought to have been created?
- AIn shallow oceans
- BIn the depths of igneous rock
- CIn the atmosphere
10Who conducted the 'Primordial Soup' experiment in 1953?
- AStanley Müller
- BHenry Maller
- CStanley Miller
11What was the aim of the 'primordial Soup' experiment?
- ATo recreate the explosions that began the Earth
- BTo recreate the conditions of Earth before life evolved
- CTo observe how gases combusted
12In the first Primordial Soup experiment, which organic compounds were in the solution?
- ARibose, Adenine, Hydrochloric Acid and Urea.
- BDeoxyribose, Glucose, Carbolic Acid and Iron Phosphates.
- CGlycine, Alanine, Lactic Acid and Urea.
13Which molecules have been created from recent recreations of the 'Primordial Soup' experiment?
- ARibose, deoxyribose, purines, pyrimidines and nucleotides.
- BRNA, water, hexose, phosphoric acid and nucleotides.
- CDNA, water, purines, pyrimidines and hexose.
14How do you create ATP from purines?
- ACombine ribose and phosphates to adenine under UV light
- BCombine deoxyribose and phosphates to adenine with an electrical charge sent through it.
- CCombine ribose and phosphates to ammonia under UV light.
15What is the name given to large aggregations of molecules?
- ACofactor Droplets
- BCoacervate Droplets
- CCervical Droplets
16How were the droplets made by Oparin (which resembled living cells) created in the lab?
- ADissolving glycerol and polysaccharides in water
- BDissolving gelatin and proteins in water
- CDissolving gelatin protein and polysaccharides in water
17How did the droplets made by Oparin resemble living cells?
- AThey acquired a membrane-like lipid coating
- BThey developed nuclei
- CThey could fully synthesis proteins
18How did Oparin's stable droplets grow?
- AMitosis
- BAbsorbing chemicals from less stable droplets
- CEndocytosis
19The first living cells are thought to have arisen from which kind of droplets?
- ACoacervate droplets that contained polynucleotides
- BCoacervate droplets that contained polysaccharides
- CCoacervate droplets that contained protiens
20Which of the following is a reason that some of the first living cells broke down?
- ANot enough carbon dioxide to photosynthesis
- BNot enough oxygen to respire
- CShort supply of adenosine triphosphate
21What is the definition of glycolysis?
- AThe breakdown of glucose to provide energy for the production of ATP
- BThe breakdown of glucose to provide energy for the production of proteins
- CThe anabolism of glucose to provide energy
22The first organisms were:
- AHeterotropic and aerobic
- BHeterotrophic and anaerobic
- CHomotrophic and aerobic
23The first cells had nucleic acids organised into coding systems for protein synthesis but they did not have...
- ADNA
- BNuclear membranes
- CRibosomes
24How did oxygen first appear in the atmosphere?
- ARespiration of the first living cells
- BNatural combustion
- CUltra-violet radiation acting on water vapour
25Why was atmospheric oxygen damaging?
- AIt created hydrogen peroxide that could attack RNA and DNA
- BOxygen over-exposure caused severe abnormalities in cells
- CThere was not enough of it
26Which enzyme protects against the effects of hydrogen peroxide?
- APeroxase
- BHydrogenase
- CCatalase
27Which process produced atmospheric oxygen?
- APhotolysis
- BRespiration
- CRadical Substitution
28What happened to the remaining organic chemicals of the 'Primordial Soup'?
- AThey were broken down into hydrogen peroxide and reduced sediments
- BThey were broken down into carbon dioxide and oxidised sediments
- CThey were broken down into carbon monoxide and reduced sediments
29Which processes do eukaryotes and prokaryotes have in common?
- AGlycolysis and respiration
- BPhotolysis and protein synthesis
- CGlycolysis and photosynthesis
30What does the Symbiotic Theory suggest?
- AAll organelles work with one another, supporting the function of each other
- BAll organelles used to be individual prokaryotes
- CAll organelles can perform glycolysis
31Which of the following are proof of the Symbiotic Theory?
- ACells can respire
- BMitochondria resemble aerobic bacteria
- CDNA resembles RNA
32How can we estimate the age of rocks?
- AMeasure their depth below the surface
- BUse TEM microscopy
- CMeasure how much energy they release when combusted
33In newer methods of determining the age of rocks, which element can be used?
- AFrancium
- BUranium
- CArgon
34How old is the oldest found invertebrate (with hard shells or exoskeletons)?
- A60 million years old
- B600 million years old
- C6000 million years old
35How old are the first vertebrae fossils?
- A5 million years old
- B50 million years old
- C500 million years old
36How old are the oldest microfossils that resemble bacteria?
- A1100 million years old
- B3100 million years old
- C5100 million years old
Información
- Descripción
- To help revise for the Origins of Life section of the Biology Olympiad
- Autor
- Emma Lloyd
- Idioma
- English
- Visitas
- 50
- Etiquetas
- Valoración
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