670644
Pregunta 1
Pregunta
The cardiovascular system is made up of
Respuesta
-
heart and blood vessels
-
heart and lungs
-
heart and arteries
-
heart and veins
Pregunta 2
Pregunta
Which is the correct graduation of vessels?
Respuesta
-
Veins --> venules --> capillaries --> arterioles --> arteries
-
Venules --> veins --> arterioles --> arteries --> capillaries
-
Capilaries --> arterioles --> veins --> arteries --> venules
-
Arteries --> arterioles --> capillaries --> venules --> veins
Pregunta 3
Pregunta
Arteries carry blood _____________, while veins carry blood __________________ .
Respuesta
-
away from the heart; to the heart
-
to the heart; away from the heart
Pregunta 4
Pregunta
Capillaries are the site of
Respuesta
-
blood flow
-
nutrient, gas, waste, and electrolyte exchange
-
deoxidization
-
cellular respiration
Pregunta 5
Pregunta
The two circuits of the cardiovascular system are
Respuesta
-
auxiliary and immediate
-
chambered and closed
-
systemic and pulmonary
-
large and reoccurring
Pregunta 6
Pregunta
The pulmonary circuit is on the _________ side
Respuesta
-
right
-
left
-
lateral
-
medial
Pregunta 7
Pregunta
The systemic circuit is on the ________ side
Respuesta
-
left
-
right
-
lateral
-
medial
Pregunta 8
Pregunta
The pulmonary circuit pumps blood to
Respuesta
-
heart and lungs
-
heart and rest of the body
-
lungs only
-
liver and spleen
Pregunta 9
Pregunta
The systemic circuit pumps blood to
Respuesta
-
heart and rest of the body
-
heart and lungs
-
brain and carotid artery
-
extremeties
Pregunta 10
Pregunta
The base of the heart can be defined as
Respuesta
-
the bottom of the heart
-
area where large blood vessels originate
-
the top of the heart
-
the lateral side of the heart
Pregunta 11
Pregunta
The base of the heart lies at
Respuesta
-
just below the second rib
-
between the 5th and 6th ribs
-
touching the spleen
-
on the stomach
Pregunta 12
Pregunta
The apex of the heart can be defined as __________________, and lies ____________.
Respuesta
-
the bottom of the heart; between the 5th and 6th ribs
-
the area where large blood vessels originate, just below the 2nd rib
-
the left side of the heart, touching the spleen
-
the posterior portion of the heart, touching vertebrae.
Pregunta 13
Pregunta
Deoxygenated blood is being pumped _______
Respuesta
-
to the lungs
-
to the heart from the lungs
-
to the brain
-
to extremeties
Pregunta 14
Pregunta
Oxygenated blood is pumped _______
Respuesta
-
coming back to heart from lungs
-
to the lungs
-
to the brain
-
to extremeties
Pregunta 15
Pregunta
The heart is bordered laterally by ________, posteriorly by ____________ ___________, and anteriorly by ___________
Respuesta
-
sternum, lungs, vertebral column
-
lungs, vertebral column, sternum
-
vertebral column, sternum, lungs
Pregunta 16
Pregunta
The pericardium is the
Respuesta
-
main valve in the heart
-
calcium buildup in heart
-
membrane that covers the heart
-
mechanism that causes the heart to beat
Pregunta 17
Pregunta
The wall of the heart has ____ layers; they are (from outer to inner):
Respuesta
-
2; endocardium and myocardium
-
4; pericardium, myocardium, endocardium, and epicardium
-
3; epicardium, myocardium, and endocardium
-
3; endocardium, myocardium, and epicardium
Pregunta 18
Pregunta
Epicardium is the ________ most layer of the heart wall. It's primary function is to __________
Respuesta
-
inner most; increases blood flow
-
middle; filter blood cells
-
outer; reduce friction via serous membranes
Pregunta 19
Pregunta
The myocardium is the ______ layer of the heart wall. It is composed of
Respuesta
-
outer layer; serous membranes
-
inner layer; epithelial cells
-
middle layer; cardiac muscle tissue
Pregunta 20
Pregunta
The myocardium is the ______ layer of the heart wall. It is composed of
Respuesta
-
outer layer; serous membranes
-
inner layer; epithelial cells
-
middle layer; cardiac muscle tissue
Pregunta 21
Pregunta
The endocardium is the ________ most layer of the heart wall; it is composed of
Respuesta
-
inner; epithelial cells, blood vessels, parajunkie fibers
-
middle; muscle tissue
-
outer; serous membranes
Pregunta 22
Pregunta
Epithelial cells
Respuesta
-
are responsible for electrical impulses spread throughout the heart
-
line the chambers of the heart
-
protect heart from pathogens
-
reduce friction in heart
Pregunta 23
Pregunta
Purjunkie fibers are
Respuesta
-
how electrical impulse are spread through the heart
-
line the chambers of the heart
-
reduce friction
-
hold the heart together
Pregunta 24
Pregunta
The heart is comprised of how many chambers?
Respuesta
-
2
-
3
-
4
-
6
Pregunta 25
Pregunta
The upper chambers of the heart are known as the
Respuesta
-
Atria (right and left)
-
Auricles (right and left)
-
Ventricles
-
Aorta
Pregunta 26
Pregunta
The lower chambers of the heart are known as
Respuesta
-
Atria (right and left)
-
Ventricles (right and left)
-
Auricles
-
Aorta
Pregunta 27
Pregunta
Atria are responsible for
Respuesta
-
forcing blood into corresponding ventricles when they contract
-
pump blood throughout body
-
decrease blood flow
-
slow heart rate
Pregunta 28
Pregunta
Ventricles are responsible for
Respuesta
-
forcing blood throughout into corresponding atria when they contract
-
pumping blood throughout the entire body
-
separating blood cells
-
clotting
Pregunta 29
Pregunta
Auricles are attached to _________ and increase
Respuesta
-
atria; blood volume atria can hold
-
ventricles; heart size
-
atrioventricular orifice; blood flow throughout body
Pregunta 30
Pregunta
Auricles are attached to _________ and increase
Respuesta
-
atria; blood volume atria can hold
-
ventricles; heart size
-
atrioventricular orifice; blood flow throughout body
Pregunta 31
Pregunta
Left and right atria are separated by
Respuesta
-
Auricles
-
Ventricles
-
Interatrial Septum
-
Atrioventricular Orifice
Pregunta 32
Pregunta
Ventricles are separated by
Respuesta
-
interatrial septum
-
interventricular septrum
-
atrioventricular orifice
-
AV Valves
Pregunta 33
Pregunta
Atria is separated from the ventricles by
Respuesta
-
atrioventricular orifice
-
AV valves
-
Auricles
-
interatrial septum
Pregunta 34
Pregunta
The muscular walls of the left ventricle are thicker because:
Respuesta
-
it holds more blood
-
pumps blood farther than right ventricle
-
more epithelial cells line the left side
-
the left side is smaller
Pregunta 35
Pregunta
Valves of the heart are important for
Respuesta
-
sorting red blood cells
-
clotting mechanisms
-
preventing "back-wash" from the muscular pumping action
Pregunta 36
Pregunta
The tricuspid valve is the AV valve found on the _______ side of the heart
Respuesta
-
left
-
right
-
lateral
-
medial
Pregunta 37
Pregunta
The tricuspid valve has _____________ ___________ attached to one end of the cusps, while the other end attach to papillary muscles
Respuesta
-
blood vessels
-
arteries
-
chordae tendinae
-
mucous membranes
Pregunta 38
Pregunta
The tricuspid valve:
Respuesta
-
contracts when the right ventricle contracts
-
prevents the tricuspid from swinging into the right atria
-
closure of the right AV valve is passive
-
all of the above
Pregunta 39
Pregunta
The tricuspid valve:
Respuesta
-
contracts when the right ventricle contracts
-
prevents the tricuspid from swinging into the right atria
-
closure of the right AV valve is passive
-
all of the above
Pregunta 40
Pregunta
The pulmonary valve does not contain
Respuesta
-
epithelial cells
-
chordae tindineae
-
blood vessels
-
T cells
Pregunta 41
Pregunta
The pulmonary valve
Respuesta
-
opens as the right ventricle contracts
-
separates right ventricle from pulmonary trunk
-
closes due to blood backing up on it after the right ventricle stops contracting
-
all the above
Pregunta 42
Pregunta
The atrioventricular valve for the left side of the heart is known as the
Respuesta
-
mitral (bicuspid valve)
-
pulmonary valve
-
tricuspid valve
-
chordae tendineae
Pregunta 43
Pregunta
The mitral valve is responsible for
Respuesta
-
separating the left atrium from left ventricle, closes passively, and has papillary muscles and chordae tendinae
-
stops blood flow
-
increasing heart rate
-
all the above
Pregunta 44
Pregunta
The contraction of the left ventricle does what?
Respuesta
-
stops blood flow
-
pumps blood into aorta through aortic valve
-
squeezes blood into capillaries
-
encourages filtration of blood cells
Pregunta 45
Pregunta
The main result of coronary circulation is to
Respuesta
-
get blood to the brain
-
supply heart tissue with blood
-
pump blood to extremities
-
provide nutrients to body
Pregunta 46
Pregunta
The atria ___________ while the ventricles ____________, and vice versa.
Respuesta
-
contract; relax
-
stop; start
-
enlarge; decrease
Pregunta 47
Pregunta
The pattern of contraction and relaxation in the heart is known as
Respuesta
-
coronary circulation
-
the heart cycle
-
cardiac rhythm
-
beating pattern
Pregunta 48
Pregunta
When the atria contract, it is known as _________ __________. When atria relax it is known as ______ ________
Respuesta
-
atria diastole; atria systole
-
atria systole; atria diastole
-
atrial enlargement; atrial decreasing
Pregunta 49
Pregunta
ventricular contraction is known as ________ ________ ; ventricular relaxation is known as _______ _______
Respuesta
-
ventricular systole ; ventricular diastole
-
ventricular diastole; ventricular systole
-
ventricular enlargement ; decreasing ventricle
Pregunta 50
Pregunta
During atrial/ventricular systole/diastol cycle, there is a brief _________ period for both ventricles and atria.
Respuesta
-
contraction
-
relaxation (diastole)
-
spasm
-
acceleration
Pregunta 51
Pregunta
High blood pressure causes the heart to
Respuesta
-
beat slower
-
work harder
-
beat faster
-
stop
Pregunta 52
Pregunta
During the cardiac cycle, pressure __________ and __________ within the chambers of the heart
Respuesta
-
begins and ends
-
rises and falls
-
stops and starts
Pregunta 53
Pregunta
Changes in pressure in the heart result in
Respuesta
-
decreased blood flow
-
acceleration of heartbeat
-
opening and closing of the valves
-
cardiac arrest
Pregunta 54
Pregunta
During diastole, pressure is _______ which allows blood from areas of _____ pressure to come in
Respuesta
-
high; lower
-
low; higher
-
pressure does not affect this.
Pregunta 55
Pregunta
During systole, pressure is _______ and blood will push valves open and move to _______ areas
Respuesta
-
higher; lower
-
lower; higher
-
this does not affect pressure.
Pregunta 56
Pregunta
When the ventricles contract, pressure is greater in the _______ than the ________
Respuesta
-
arteries; ventricles
-
ventricles; arteries
-
aorta; auricle
-
left chamber; right chamber
Pregunta 57
Pregunta
The sound the heart makes is:
Respuesta
-
thump
-
pitter patter
-
lubb-dupp
-
click
Pregunta 58
Pregunta
The "lubb" sound occurs during __________, which results in the closing of the AV valves
Respuesta
-
ventricular diastole
-
ventricular systole
-
atrial diastole
-
atrial systole
Pregunta 59
Pregunta
The "dubb" sound of a heartbeat occurs during ___________, which is the result of the pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves closing
Respuesta
-
ventricular diastole
-
ventricular systole
-
atrial diastole
-
atrial systole
Pregunta 60
Pregunta
Heart sounds can indicate problems such as
Respuesta
-
cardiac arrest
-
clogged arteries
-
heart murmurs
-
decreased blood flow
Pregunta 61
Pregunta
The key parts of the cardiac conduction system are:
Respuesta
-
Sinoatrial (SA) node, atrioventricular (AV) node, Atrioventricular (AV) bundle, and Purkinje fibers
-
ventricles and atria
-
atria and auricles
-
blood vessels and heart
Pregunta 62
Pregunta
The SA node is known as the
Respuesta
-
blood flow regulator
-
filtration center
-
oxygen receptor
-
pacemaker
Pregunta 63
Pregunta
The SA reaches __________ _________ on its own
Respuesta
-
purkinje fibers
-
AV valve
-
threshold stimulus
-
aortic valve
Pregunta 64
Pregunta
The SA node is responsible for
Respuesta
-
white blood cell production
-
cardiac tissue development
-
pumping blood
-
rhythmic activity
Pregunta 65
Pregunta
SA node causes the _________ to contract almost simultaneously
Respuesta
-
ventricles
-
atria
-
auricles
-
AV valve
Pregunta 66
Pregunta
The AV node __________ impulse further allowing ________ to completely contract.
Respuesta
-
quickens; atria
-
quickens; ventricle
-
slows; atria
-
slows; ventricle
Pregunta 67
Pregunta
The AV bundles _________
Respuesta
-
branch into left and right AV bundles
-
stop contraction of atria
-
cause blow flow to increase
-
produce rhythm of heartbeat
Pregunta 68
Pregunta
Purkinje fibers
Respuesta
-
carry impulse very quickly to distant regions of ventricles, so that the ventricles contract as a functional unit
-
stop electrical impulse
-
cause increased heartbeat
-
contract atrial walls
Pregunta 69
Pregunta
The correct order for chain of impulse during cardiac conduction system is:
Respuesta
-
ventricular syncticum, purkinje fibers, av bundle, av node, sa node
-
purkinje fibers, ventricular syncticum, av valve, sa node, av bundle
-
av bundle, sa node, av valve, ventricular syncticum, purkinje fibers
-
sa node, av node, av bundle, purkinje fibers, ventricular syncticum
Pregunta 70
Pregunta
The junctional fibers are _________, therefore _________ electrical impulse.
Respuesta
-
wide; increasing
-
wide; slowing
-
narrow; increasing
-
narrow; slowing
Pregunta 71
Pregunta
_________ record changes in electrical potential during the cardiac cycle.
Respuesta
-
PKG
-
ECG
-
PET scan
-
MRI scan
Pregunta 72
Pregunta
Electrocardiograms produce several waves; these are:
Respuesta
-
A, B, C, D
-
P, Q, R, S, T
-
1, 2, 3, 4, 5
-
Z, Y, X, W, V
Pregunta 73
Pregunta
The ______ waves of an electrocardiogram combine to make up the ______ ________
Respuesta
-
QRS; QRS complex
-
123; 123 complex
-
ZYX; ZYX complex
Pregunta 74
Pregunta
Large electrical changes in an electrocardiogram show up as a ________
Respuesta
-
inflection
-
deflection
-
spasm
-
murmur
Pregunta 75
Pregunta
P wave is a result of
Respuesta
-
atrial polarization
-
atrial depolarization
-
atrial repolarization
-
ventricular systole
Pregunta 76
Pregunta
The P wave in an ECG leads to
Respuesta
-
ventricular systole
-
atrial diastole
-
atrial systole
-
ventricular dyastole
Pregunta 77
Pregunta
The QRS complex is a result of
Respuesta
-
ventricular polarization
-
ventricular depolarization
-
atrial depolarization
-
atrial systole
Pregunta 78
Pregunta
The QRS wave occurs just before
Respuesta
-
ventricular contraction
-
ventricular dilation
-
atrial contraction
-
atrial dilation
Pregunta 79
Pregunta
Due to the QRS complex, repolarization of the atria is
Respuesta
-
quickened
-
obscured
-
impossible
Pregunta 80
Pregunta
Repolarization ECG wave begins at
Respuesta
-
apex of QRS complex
-
low point of QRS complex
Pregunta 81
Pregunta
The _____ wave is a result of ventricular repolarization
Respuesta
-
Q
-
R
-
S
-
T
Pregunta 82
Pregunta
The T wave takes longer to produce, seeing as
Respuesta
-
ventricle walls are shorter
-
ventricle walls are longer
-
ventricle walls are larger
-
ventricle walls are stronger
Pregunta 83
Pregunta
Factors that affect the cardiac control system are
Respuesta
-
parasympathetic fibers, sympathetic fibers, and barioreceptors
-
blood pressure
-
blood flow
-
blood volume
Pregunta 84
Pregunta
vagus nerves are _________ and originate in ______ and terminate in _____
Respuesta
-
parasympathetic; SA node; medulla oblongata
-
parasympathetic; medulla oblongata; SA node
-
sympathetic; heart; brain
-
sympathetic; liver; extremities
Pregunta 85
Pregunta
Vagus nerves can both increase and decrease _____________ ________ through _____________.
Respuesta
-
blood flow; lysosomes
-
clotting factors; calcium
-
heart rate; acetylcholine
Pregunta 86
Pregunta
Accelerator nerves are ________, and increase heart rate though _________
Respuesta
-
parasympathetic; acetylcholine
-
parasympathetic; norepinephrine
-
sympathetic; acetylcholine
-
sympathetic; norepinephrine
Pregunta 87
Pregunta
Barioreceptors are also known as
Respuesta
-
calcium receptors
-
plasma receptors
-
stretch receptors
-
rhythm receptors
Pregunta 88
Pregunta
Barioreceptors are part of
Respuesta
-
cardioinhibitor and cardioaccelerator reflex centers
-
muscle fibers
-
cardiac tissue
-
cardiovascular system
Pregunta 89
Pregunta
Baroreceptors arise from
Respuesta
-
atria
-
ventricles
-
medulla oblongata
-
SA node
Pregunta 90
Pregunta
Baroreceptors are responsible for
Respuesta
-
maintaing balance between sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers
-
regulation of blood flow
-
increased heart rate
-
all the above
Pregunta 91
Pregunta
The aorta and carotid arteries utilize baroreceptors to
Respuesta
-
increase pressure
-
decrease pressure
-
accelerate heart rate
-
decrease heart rate
Pregunta 92
Pregunta
Stretch receptors are located in the
Respuesta
-
venae cavae
-
aorta
-
atrium
-
ventricles
Pregunta 93
Pregunta
Increase in pressure causes increased heart rate and force of contraction because
Respuesta
-
the heart is beating very weakly due to blood backup in the venae cavae.
-
the heart is beating strongly due to blood backup in the venae cavae.
Pregunta 94
Pregunta
Impulses from the cerebrum or hypothalamus:
Respuesta
-
decrease, causing fainting
-
increase, causing anxiety
-
both
Pregunta 95
Pregunta
An increase in temperature causes an increase in _________ ______ and vice versa.
Respuesta
-
heart rate
-
blood flow
-
oxygen levels
Pregunta 96
Pregunta
Baroreceptors also influence ______ changes; such as ______ and ________
Respuesta
-
blood cell; red and white
-
ion; sodium and potassium
-
oxygen; deoxygenation and oxygenation
Pregunta 97
Pregunta
________ ________ form a closed circuit of tubes carrying blood AWAY from the heart and then back.
Respuesta
-
cardiac system
-
blood vessels
-
large capillaries
-
pulmonary system
Pregunta 98
Pregunta
Blood vessels include:
Respuesta
-
aorta, pulmonary veins
-
arteries, arterioles, metartioles, capillaries, veinules, veins
-
veins and veinules
Pregunta 99
Pregunta
Arteries and arterioles (and metarterioles) conduct blood __________ from _______ and lead to ______
Respuesta
-
away; capillaries; ventricles
-
away; ventricles; capillaries
-
away; aorta; tricuspid valve
-
away; venules; veins
Pregunta 100
Pregunta
The sites of substance exchange between the blood and body cells are
Respuesta
-
Venules
-
Veins
-
Arteries
-
Capillaries
Pregunta 101
Pregunta
Venules and veins return blood from ________ to _______
Respuesta
-
atria; capillaries
-
capillaries; atria
-
blood vessels; capillaries
-
capillaries; blood vessels
Pregunta 102
Pregunta
The portion of the arteriole that leads to capillary beds is known as
Respuesta
-
metarterioles
-
capillaries
-
veins
-
venule
Pregunta 103
Pregunta
Capillaries are the _____ diameter blood vessel
Respuesta
-
smallest
-
largest
Pregunta 104
Pregunta
Cappillaries are responsible for connecting ________ to _________
Respuesta
-
veins ; venules
-
arterioles ; veins
-
arterioles; venules
-
veins; arterioles
Pregunta 105
Pregunta
Structurally speaking, capillaries are extensions of the ________ of arterioles
Respuesta
-
veins
-
endothelium
-
arteries
Pregunta 106
Pregunta
________ in capillary walls permits for capillary permeability
Respuesta
-
holes
-
slits
-
valves
-
depressions
Pregunta 107
Pregunta
The "slits" in the capillaries are where cells
Respuesta
-
build up
-
overlap
-
are not present
-
die
Pregunta 108
Pregunta
Capillary permeability is conducive to ________. Muscle tissues have ____ capillary openings, while liver and red bone marrow have _________ capillary openings
Respuesta
-
size of organ; large; small
-
size of organ; small; large
-
function; large; small
-
function; small; large
Pregunta 109
Pregunta
Why are slits in muscle tissue capillaries smaller?
Respuesta
-
muscle tissue needs oxygen
-
muscle tissue needs less nutrients
-
muscle tissue does not need as much aid from capillaries as other organs do
Pregunta 110
Pregunta
Arteries are
Respuesta
-
weak; break easily
-
weak; yet elastic
-
strong; yet break easily
-
strong; elastic
Pregunta 111
Pregunta
Arteries contain ____ layers:
Respuesta
-
1
-
2
-
3
-
4
Pregunta 112
Pregunta
The three layers of the artery from outermost to innermost are:
Respuesta
-
Tunica media, tunica interna, tunica externa
-
Tunica intera, tunica externa, tunica media
-
Tunica externa, tunica media, tunica intera
Pregunta 113
Pregunta
The tunica interna contains
Respuesta
-
platelets
-
calcium deposits
-
phagocytes
-
endothelium
Pregunta 114
Pregunta
The tunica media contains ________ and which ____________/_________ blood vessels
Respuesta
-
elastic connective tissue; dilates; constricts
-
smooth muscle; constricts; dilates
-
plasmids; dilates; constricts
Pregunta 115
Pregunta
Collagenous fibers are found in the ______ _____ layer of the artery, these allow for added _______
Respuesta
-
tunica interna; strength
-
tunica externa; elasticity
-
tunica media; elasticity
-
tunica media; strength
Pregunta 116
Pregunta
The tunica externa contains _____ __ and houses ____ ______
Respuesta
-
smooth muscle; vasa vasorum
-
connective tissue; blood cells
-
connective tissue; vasa vasorum
-
elastic connective tissue; vasa vasorum
Pregunta 117
Pregunta
The _________ __________, located in the tunica externa region of the artery, are small blood vessels that nourish smooth muscle layers of fibers.
Respuesta
-
vasa vasorum
-
connective tissue
-
endothelial tissue
-
collagenous fibers
Pregunta 118
Pregunta
The function of _________ in artery walls is so that blood can have a smooth surface to flow through, cutting down damage to blood cells.
Respuesta
-
elastic connective tissue
-
endothelium
-
connective tissue
-
vasa vasorum
Pregunta 119
Pregunta
Endothelium in arteries secrete chemicals to inhibit
Respuesta
-
blood flow
-
clotting
-
platelet coagulation
Pregunta 120
Pregunta
Endothelium in arteries uses _______ ______ to cause dilation/constriction of blood vessels
Respuesta
-
blood flow
-
nitrous oxide
-
sulfur phosphate
Pregunta 121
Pregunta
Smooth muscles of arteries and arterioles are innervated by sympathetic motor fibers, known as:
Respuesta
-
parasympathetic fibers
-
sympathetic fibers
-
vasomotor fibers
-
elastic fibers
Pregunta 122
Pregunta
Vasomotor fibers stimulate contraction of smooth muscle fibers in arterial walls. This is known as
Respuesta
-
smooth muscle constriction
-
smooth muscle contraction
-
vasoconstriction
-
vasocontraction
Pregunta 123
Pregunta
When impulse of vasomotor fibers is interrupted, it causes relaxation of muscles, known as
Respuesta
-
vasoconstriction
-
vasocontraction
-
vasodilatation
Pregunta 124
Pregunta
Vasoconstriction and vasodilation have opposing effects on
Respuesta
-
blood flow
-
blood pressure
-
heart rate
Pregunta 125
Pregunta
Exchange in the capillaries occurs via
Respuesta
-
diffusion
-
osmosis
-
filtration
-
all the above
Pregunta 126
Pregunta
Capillaries use __________ as the primary mode of exchange
Respuesta
-
diffusion
-
osmosis
-
filtration
Pregunta 127
Pregunta
In capillaries, if a molecule is lipid soluble it diffuses through ______ ________. If the molecule is water soluble, it goes through __________ _________.
Respuesta
-
capillary slits; cell membrane.
-
cell membrane; capillary slits.
-
both diffuse through cell membrane
-
both diffuse through capillary slits
Pregunta 128
Pregunta
Plasma proteins tend to not leave the capillaries, resulting in:
Respuesta
-
hydrostatic pressure
-
increased blood flow
-
colloid osmotic pressure
-
decreased blood flow
Pregunta 129
Pregunta
Colloid osmotic pressure is responsible for
Respuesta
-
blood pressure
-
drawing water in
-
increased blood flow
Pregunta 130
Pregunta
Hydrostatic pressure results in the filtration of ______ molecules (like water)
Respuesta
-
small
-
large
-
heavy
-
rigid
Pregunta 131
Pregunta
Blood pressure __________ the ______ _________ ____ the heart you get
Respuesta
-
increases; further away from
-
decreases; further away from
Pregunta 132
Pregunta
Veins tend to follow a path _____ to arteries
Respuesta
-
vertical
-
parallel
-
there is no set path
Pregunta 133
Pregunta
While veins are similar to arteries, the major difference between the two is that:
Respuesta
-
veins are larger
-
veins have valves, that prevent back flow of blood
-
veins hold less blood
-
all the above
Pregunta 134
Pregunta
Veins do not have the _______ that arteries do; there is approximately ____ % blood pressure acting on veins
Respuesta
-
strength; 10%
-
elasticity; 0%
-
rigidity; 20%
-
volume; 100%
Pregunta 135
Pregunta
The primary source of moving blood from veins is
Respuesta
-
skeletal muscle contractions
-
smooth muscle contractions
-
dilated vessels
-
increased oxygen
Pregunta 136
Pregunta
___________ can be used as blood reservoirs by contracting due to sympathetic muscles in their lining causing them to maintain blood pressure and volume by increasing the amount of blood being returned to the heart.
Respuesta
-
Arteries
-
Capillaries
-
Venules
-
Veins
Pregunta 137
Pregunta
The force exerted by the blood on walls of the blood vessels is known as
Respuesta
-
Blood pressure
-
constriction
-
dilation
-
vasodilation
Pregunta 138
Pregunta
Blood pressure refers to the pressure in
Respuesta
-
veins
-
venules
-
capillaries
-
systemic arteries
Pregunta 139
Pregunta
Systolic blood pressure is during
Respuesta
-
atrial systole
-
atrial diastole
-
ventricular systole
-
ventricular diastole
Pregunta 140
Pregunta
Diastolic blood pressure occurs during
Respuesta
-
atrial systole
-
atrial diastole
-
ventricular systole
-
ventricular diastole
Pregunta 141
Pregunta
Blood vessels expand and recoil, resulting in
Respuesta
-
heartbeat
-
increased blood flow
-
decreased blood flow
-
pulse
Pregunta 142
Pregunta
The first beat you hear when taking blood pressure is the ________ blood pressure; the last beat you hear is the _________ blood pressure.
Respuesta
-
diastolic; systolic
-
high; low
-
systolic; diastolic
-
low; high
Pregunta 143
Pregunta
The factor(s) that affect blood pressure are
Respuesta
-
heart action (stroke volume and rate)
-
blood volume
-
resistance to flow
-
blood viscosity
-
all the above
Pregunta 144
Pregunta
_____________ ___________ determines blood volume entering arterial system
Respuesta
-
Blood pressure
-
Ventricular contraction
-
heart rate
-
oxygen levels
Pregunta 145
Pregunta
If cardiac output increases, then ________ ______ increases and vice versa
Respuesta
-
blood pressure
-
blood flow
-
heart rate
-
energy levels
Pregunta 146
Pregunta
The ___________ ________ is equal to the sum of all formed elements and plasma volume in vascular system (about 8%)
Respuesta
-
blood pressure
-
red blood cell count
-
white blood cell count
-
blood volume
Pregunta 147
Pregunta
Blood pressure is directly proportional to
Respuesta
-
red blood cell count
-
oxygen levels
-
heart rate
-
blood volume
Pregunta 148
Pregunta
How easily the molecules in a fluid flow past one another is known as the
Respuesta
-
texture
-
formula
-
viscosity
Pregunta 149
Pregunta
__________ _______ and __________ ________ increase viscosity
Respuesta
-
red blood cells and white blood cells
-
oxygen levels and iron levels
-
blood cells and plasma proteins
-
heart rate and calcium levels
Pregunta 150
Pregunta
__________ ________ rises with an increase in viscosity; Normal blood has a ________ viscosity
Respuesta
-
heart rate; thin
-
blood levels; normal
-
blood pressure; normal
-
blood levels; thick
Pregunta 151
Pregunta
_________ ____________ is the friction between the blood vessel wall and the blood
Respuesta
-
blood friction
-
peripheral resistance
-
blood pressure
-
hemaglobic friction
Pregunta 152
Pregunta
Anything that alters peripheral resistance also affects _______ ______________
Respuesta
-
blood levels
-
blood pressure
-
heart rate
-
blood flow
Pregunta 153
Pregunta
BP= ________ ________ x ___________ ___________
Respuesta
-
blood levels; blood flow
-
cell count; heart rate
-
blood levels; heart rate
-
cardiac output; peripheral resistance
Pregunta 154
Pregunta
_________ __________ is the difference between end-diastolic volume and end-systolic volume
Respuesta
-
cardiac output
-
blood pressure
-
blood flow
-
stroke volume
Pregunta 155
Pregunta
Factors that affect stroke volume are:
Respuesta
-
Mechanical
-
Neural
-
Chemical
-
All the above
-
None of these
Pregunta 156
Pregunta
The amount of blood that gets back into the ventricles is known as
Respuesta
-
ventricle blood return
-
venous return
-
blood back flow
-
veinous backflow
Pregunta 157
Pregunta
Normally, only about ______% of EDV is pumped out in a single contraction
Respuesta
-
20%
-
30%
-
60%
-
75%
Pregunta 158
Pregunta
____________ stimulation can increase the strength of ventricular contraction and increase stroke volume
Respuesta
-
parasympathetic
-
sympathetic
-
cardiac
-
pulse
Pregunta 159
Pregunta
The stretching of the myocardial fibers in the ventricles is known as
Respuesta
-
preload
-
mechanical stretching
-
cardiac pulling
-
cardostretch
Pregunta 160
Pregunta
A higher EDV will result in a greater _______
Respuesta
-
stroke volume
-
cardiac output
-
blood flow
-
preload
Pregunta 161
Pregunta
The increase in venous return, resulting in the increase in preload, resulting in the increase in cardiac output helps ensure that
Respuesta
-
blood circulates quickly
-
the blood leaving the heart equals the blood entering the heart
-
blood still flows to the head
Pregunta 162
Pregunta
The amount of blood left in the ventricles after contraction depends on
Respuesta
-
preload
-
contractility
-
afterload
-
all the above
Pregunta 163
Pregunta
_____________ is the amount of force for a contraction at a given preload
Respuesta
-
cardiac output
-
EDV
-
ESV
-
contractility
Pregunta 164
Pregunta
Contractility is influenced by ____________ stimulation and ________
Respuesta
-
parasympathetic; hormones
-
sympathetic; hormones
-
ESV; chemicals
Pregunta 165
Pregunta
The amount of force needed to open semilunar valves to eject blood is known as
Respuesta
-
preload
-
contractility
-
afterload
-
ESV
Pregunta 166
Pregunta
Afterload is increased by
Respuesta
-
increased contractility
-
decreased contractility
-
increased arterial pressure
-
decreased arterial pressure
Pregunta 167
Pregunta
Afterload leads to a _________ in stroke volume, therefore an ________ in ESV
Respuesta
-
decrease; decrease
-
decrease; increase
-
increase; decrease
-
increase; increase
Pregunta 168
Pregunta
The reflex that decreases blood pressure is known as
Respuesta
-
Cardioaccelerator reflex
-
Cardioinhibitor reflex
-
blood volume reflex
-
cardioflow reflex
Pregunta 169
Pregunta
The reflex that involves sympathetic impulses going to the SA nodes, in turn increasing heart rate is
Respuesta
-
Cardioinhibitor reflex
-
Cardiovascular reflex
-
Cardioaccelerator reflex
-
blood flow reflex
Pregunta 170
Pregunta
Increases in heart rate can increase _________ ______ and _______ ________
Respuesta
-
blood flow; blood pressure
-
blood levels; blood flow
-
blood pressure; cardiac output
-
cardiac output; blood flow
Pregunta 171
Pregunta
Factors that can increase heart rate are
Respuesta
-
epinephrine
-
emotions
-
exercise
-
rise in body temperature
-
all of the above
Pregunta 172
Pregunta
Arteriole diameter can influence
Respuesta
-
heart rate
-
blood pressure
-
peripheral resistance
-
cardioaccelerator reflex
Pregunta 173
Pregunta
Decreases in diameter of arterioles results in
Respuesta
-
decreased peripheral resistance
-
increased peripheral resistance
Pregunta 174
Pregunta
Anything that results in vasoconstriction increases
Respuesta
-
blood flow
-
peripheral resistance
-
blood pressure
-
heart rate
Pregunta 175
Pregunta
The vasomotor center is located in the __________ ________ and sends _______ signals to ________ muscles of arterioles
Respuesta
-
pulmonary arteries; parasympathetic; rough
-
pulmonary arteries; sympathetic; smooth
-
medulla oblongata; parasympathetic; smooth
-
medulla oblongata; sympathetic; smooth
Pregunta 176
Pregunta
The chemicals responsible for affecting precapillary sphincters and smooth muscles or arteriole and metarteriole walls are
Respuesta
-
CO2
-
O2
-
H+
-
all the above
Pregunta 177
Pregunta
Nitric oxide and bradykinin are considered
Respuesta
-
vasodilators
-
vasoconstrictors
Pregunta 178
Pregunta
Angiotensin and endothelin are considered
Respuesta
-
vasodilators
-
vasoconstrictors
Pregunta 179
Pregunta
Little _________ is found in the veins and venules
Respuesta
-
blood
-
pressure
-
clotting
-
plasma
Pregunta 180
Pregunta
Blood movement depends on not only the heart, but
Respuesta
-
skeletal muscle action
-
breathing movements
-
vasoconstriction of veins
-
all the above
Pregunta 181
Pregunta
During respiration:
Respuesta
-
pressure of thoracic cavity is reduced
-
Pressure in abdominal cavity increases
-
blood is squeezed from abdominal to thoracic veins
-
all the above
Pregunta 182
Pregunta
When venous pressure is low, ________ signals stimulate the contraction of smooth muscles in the walls of the veins
Respuesta
-
sympathetic
-
parasympathetic
Pregunta 183
Pregunta
Vasoconstriction maintains
Respuesta
-
blood flow
-
venous return
-
heart rate
Pregunta 184
Pregunta
Blood returns to the pulmonary circuit via
Respuesta
-
pulmonary arteries
-
pulmonary veins
-
cardiac veins
-
cardiac arteries
Pregunta 185
Pregunta
The arterial system carries blood _____ _____ the heart. Starts in ______ ends in _____ and ______.
Respuesta
-
away from; aorta; toes; head
-
closer to; head; aorta; toes
-
away from; left ventricle; head; toes
-
closer to; aorta; head; toes.
Pregunta 186
Pregunta
All veins except pulmonary veins empty in the _______ atria
Respuesta
-
right
-
left
Pregunta 187
Pregunta
The pressure in the right atria is known as
Respuesta
-
right atrial pressure
-
central pressure
-
central venous pressure
-
right central venous pressure
Pregunta 188
Pregunta
Central venous pressure can influence pressure in
Respuesta
-
left arterial veins
-
right arterial veins
-
carotid artery
-
peripheral veins
Pregunta 189
Pregunta
Subclavian and common carotid arteries supply blood to
Respuesta
-
spleen and liver
-
brain, head, neck
-
toes and lower extremities
-
stomach and kidneys
Pregunta 190
Pregunta
Divisions of subclavian arteries include
Respuesta
-
vertebral arteries, thyrocervical arteries, and costocervical arteries
-
internal carotid arteries, external carotid arteries
-
thoracic and splenic arteries
Pregunta 191
Pregunta
Common carotid arteries include
Respuesta
-
internal carotid arteries
-
external carotid arteries
-
both
-
neither
Pregunta 192
Pregunta
Vertebral arteries come together to form
Respuesta
-
subclavian arteries
-
basilar artery
-
internal carotid arteries
-
cerebral arteries
Pregunta 193
Pregunta
The basilar artery branches to
Respuesta
-
cervix
-
pons, midbrain, cerebellum
-
liver
Pregunta 194
Pregunta
The vertebral arteries also divide into two posterior ______ arteries, which supply blood to parts of the temporal and occipital lobe
Respuesta
-
cerebral
-
basilar
-
carotid
-
femoral
Pregunta 195
Pregunta
What arteries provide blood to the thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, larynx, trachea, esophagus, pharynx, and muscles of neck, shoulder, and back?
Respuesta
-
costocervical arteries
-
basilar arteries
-
vertebral arteries
-
thryocervical arteries
Pregunta 196
Pregunta
What arteries are LAST to branch from the subclavian divisions, and supply blood to the muscles in neck, back, and thoracic walls?
Respuesta
-
Costocervical
-
Thyrocervical
-
Vertebral
Pregunta 197
Pregunta
The external common carotid artery divides into the superior thyroid artery, lingual artery, facial artery, occipital artery, and posterior auricular artery just above the ______ border
Respuesta
-
subclavian
-
laryngeal
-
cardiac
-
esophageal
Pregunta 198
Pregunta
The external carotid artery ends by dividing into the
Respuesta
-
superior thyroid artery
-
maxillary and superficial temporal arteries
-
occipital artery
-
posterior auricular artery
Pregunta 199
Pregunta
The internal carotid artery is the major blood supply for the
Respuesta
-
brain
-
neck
-
heart
-
stomach
Pregunta 200
Pregunta
Major branches of the internal carotid artery include
Respuesta
-
ophthalmic artery, posterior communicating artery, anterior choroid artery
-
superior thyroid artery, lingual artery
-
maxillary artery, superficial temporal artery
Pregunta 201
Pregunta
At the base of the internal carotid arteries is
Respuesta
-
apex of heart
-
larynx
-
esophagus
-
coronary sinus
Pregunta 202
Pregunta
The ________ artery passes between the clavicle and first rib and becomes part axillary artery
Respuesta
-
carotid
-
lingual
-
maxillary
-
subclavian
Pregunta 203
Pregunta
The subclavian artery provides blood to
Respuesta
-
face
-
skin of shoulder, part of mammary gland, proximal end of humorous, muscles of back, shoulder, and chest
-
hands
Pregunta 204
Pregunta
The subclavian artery becomes the ________ artery as it leaves the axilla
Respuesta
-
temporal
-
mammilary
-
brachial
-
humoral
Pregunta 205
Pregunta
The radial artery
Respuesta
-
is a great place to find pulse
-
provides blood to entire arm
-
is very thin
Pregunta 206
Pregunta
Where does the internal thoracic artery derive from?
Respuesta
-
thoracic aorta
-
subclavian artery
-
iliac artery
Pregunta 207
Pregunta
The posterial intercostals comes from
Respuesta
-
thoracic aorta
-
subclavian artery
-
thoracic artery
Pregunta 208
Pregunta
The abdominal aorta divides to form what?
Respuesta
-
iliac arteries
-
subclavian arteries
-
thoracic arteries
Pregunta 209
Pregunta
The iliac arteries divides into
Respuesta
-
internal iliac artery and external iliac artery
-
posterior and anterior iliac arteries
-
medial and lateral iliac arteries
Pregunta 210
Pregunta
The iliolumbar artery, superior and inferior gluteal arteries, internal pudendal artery, superior and inferior vesical arteries, middle rectal artery, and uterine artery are all derivatives of
Respuesta
-
external iliac artery
-
internal iliac artery
-
subclavian artery
-
popliteal artery
Pregunta 211
Pregunta
The external iliac artery becomes
Respuesta
-
femoral artery
-
subclavian artery
-
pulmonary artery
Pregunta 212
Pregunta
The superficial circumflex iliac artery, superficial epigastric artery, superficial and deep external prudendal arteries, deep femoral artery, and deep genicular artery are derivatives of
Respuesta
-
the popliteal artery
-
femoral artery
-
carotid artery
-
subclavian artery
Pregunta 213
Pregunta
The femoral artery becomes the __________ artery, which supplies the ________ and muscles of the ________ and calf with blood.
Respuesta
-
subclavian; elbow; gluteus
-
popliteal; knee; thigh
-
thoracic; stomach; knee
Pregunta 214
Pregunta
The popliteal artery divides into
Respuesta
-
anterior and posterior tibial arteries
-
anterior and posterior popliteal arteries
-
major and minor femoral arteries
Pregunta 215
Pregunta
The popliteal artery divides into
Respuesta
-
anterior and posterior tibial arteries
-
anterior and posterior popliteal arteries
-
major and minor femoral arteries
Pregunta 216
Pregunta
The anterior tibial artery branches to ________, while the posterior tibial artery branches to _______
Respuesta
-
calf, anterior and lateral portions of leg
-
anterior and lateral portions of leg, calf.
Pregunta 217
Pregunta
The anterior tibial artery branches to
Respuesta
-
fibular artery
-
plantar arteries
-
dorsalis pedis artery
Pregunta 218
Pregunta
The posterior tibial artery branches to
Respuesta
-
fibular branch
-
plantar arteries
-
dorsalis pedis artery
-
A & B
Pregunta 219
Pregunta
The venous system
Respuesta
-
carries blood from the heart
-
returns blood to the heart
Pregunta 220
Pregunta
________ system pathways are difficult to follow
Respuesta
-
venous
-
capillary
-
artery
Pregunta 221
Pregunta
Blood veins of the systemic circuit converge into two major pathways
Respuesta
-
major and minor venae cavae
-
superior and inferior venae cavae
-
anterior and posterior venae cavae
Pregunta 222
Pregunta
External _________ veins drain blood from the face, scalp, and superficial regions of the neck, and empty into right and left _______ veins.
Respuesta
-
subclavian; jugular
-
jugular; subclavian
-
subclavian; carotid
-
carotid; jugular
Pregunta 223
Pregunta
Internal _________ veins drain blood from brain and veins in the face and neck and empties into _________ veins.
Respuesta
-
jugular; subclavian
-
subclavian; jugular
-
carotid; subclavian
-
subclavian; carotid
Pregunta 224
Pregunta
The union of the internal jugular and subclavian makes the ________ veins, which empty into the _________ _______ ______
Respuesta
-
superior vena cava; brachiocephalic
-
brachiocephalic; supera vena cava
-
brachiocephalic; common carotid artery
-
pulmonary veins; common carotid artery
Pregunta 225
Pregunta
Radial and ulnar veins merge to form
Respuesta
-
brachial veins
-
subclavian veins
-
popliteal veins
Pregunta 226
Pregunta
Deep venous drainage veins are
Respuesta
-
radial and ulnar
-
basilic and cephalic
-
cubital
Pregunta 227
Pregunta
Superficial venous drainage veins are
Respuesta
-
radial and ulnar
-
basilic and cephalic
-
medial cubital
Pregunta 228
Pregunta
The normal site of venipuncture is
Respuesta
-
brachiocephalic vein
-
medial cubital vein
-
basilic vein
-
radial vein
Pregunta 229
Pregunta
The internal thoracic and intercostal veins drain into
Respuesta
-
basilic vein
-
subclavian vein
-
brachiocephalic vein
-
jugular vein
Pregunta 230
Pregunta
The posterior intercostal veins, superior and inferior hemiazygos vein, and ascending lumbar vein all drain into
Respuesta
-
brachiocephalic vein
-
subclavian vein
-
azygos vein
¿Quieres crear tus propios Tests gratis con GoConqr? Más información.