6963433
Descripción
Test por Amanda Chaiet, actualizado hace más de 1 año
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Creado por Amanda Chaiet
hace más de 7 años
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Pregunta 1
Pregunta
What is a drug?
Respuesta
-
any substance other than food that affects our bodies or minds
-
a colorless, transparent, odorless, tasteless liquid
-
a treatment of sicknesses
-
a substance that gives one energy
Pregunta 2
Pregunta
What is the term used to overtly include alcohol, tobacco, and caffeine
Respuesta
-
substance
-
drug
-
stimulant
-
depressant
Pregunta 3
Pregunta
The brain and body’s need for ever larger doses of a drug to produce earlier effects
Respuesta
-
Tolerance
-
Withdrawal
-
Addiction
-
Intoxication
Pregunta 4
Pregunta
Unpleasant, sometimes dangerous, reactions that may occur when people who use a drug regularly stop taking or reduce their dosage of the drug.
Respuesta
-
Withdrawal
-
Tolerance
-
Addiction
-
Intoxication
Pregunta 5
Pregunta
A temporary state of poor judgment, mood changes, irritability, slurred speech, and poor coordination
Respuesta
-
Intoxication
-
Hallucinosis
-
Addiction
-
Tolerance
Pregunta 6
Pregunta
Some substances such as LSD may produce a particular form of intoxication, sometimes called _______, which consists of perceptual distortions and hallucinations.
Respuesta
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Hallucinosis
-
Addiction
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Withdrawl
-
Tolerance
Pregunta 7
Pregunta
Which is TRUE of substance abuse disorders
Respuesta
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Asian Americans have the highest rate of substance use disorders in the United States (21.8 percent), while American Indians have the lowest (3.2 percent).
-
Only 11 percent of all those with substance use disorders receive treatment from a mental health professional
-
Over 32 million people in the United States have a substance use disorder
-
About 19 percent of all teens and adults in the United States display substance abuse or dependence.
Pregunta 8
Pregunta
Which type of substance slows the activity of the central nervous system (CNS), reduce tension and inhibitions,
and may interfere with judgment, motor activity, and concentration.
Respuesta
-
Depressant
-
Stimulant
-
Hallucinogen
-
Cannabis
Pregunta 9
Pregunta
Which is TRUE of alcohol.
Respuesta
-
34 percent of all people in the United States over the age of 11, most of them male, binge-drink each month
-
Nearly 7 percent of people over the age of 10 binge-drink at least five times each month
-
Current prevalence of alcoholism is around 7.6 percent for white Americans, 5.1 percent for Hispanic Americans, and 4.5 percent for African Americans.
-
WHO estimates that 4 billion people worldwide consume alcohol; more than half of all U.S. residents drink alcoholic beverages from time to time
Pregunta 10
Pregunta
What ingredient of alcohol is absorbed into the blood through the stomach lining and takes effect in the bloodstream and CNS.
Respuesta
-
Ethyl
-
Lethyl
-
Dehydrogenase
-
Dethylate
Pregunta 11
Pregunta
What is the name of the enzyme in the stomach that metabolizes alcohol before it enters the blood
Respuesta
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Dehydrogenase
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Isomerases
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Transaminases
-
Oxidases
Pregunta 12
Pregunta
The effects of alcohol subside only after alcohol is metabolized by what?
Respuesta
-
liver
-
intestine
-
stomach
-
lungs
Pregunta 13
Pregunta
Which depressant: Drink large amounts regularly and rely on it to enable them to do things that would otherwise make them anxious. Eventually find drinking interferes with social behavior and the ability to think and work.
Respuesta
-
Alcohol
-
Sedative-hypnotic drugs
-
Opioids
Pregunta 14
Pregunta
Order put in order how alcohol affects the brain
a) additional areas in the CNS, leave the drinker even less able to make sound judgments, speak clearly, and remember well
b) brain area affected that controls judgment and inhibition
c) motor difficulties increase, and reaction times slow
Respuesta
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b,a,c
-
c,a,b
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a,b,c
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c,b,a
Pregunta 15
Pregunta
Forty percent of college students binge-drink at least once each year, some of them six times or more per month
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 16
Pregunta
Which is not a characteristic of college binge drinkers
Respuesta
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Live in fraternity or sorority house
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Pursue party-centered lifestyle
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Engage in high-risk behaviors
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Balance academic and partying
Pregunta 17
Pregunta
A dramatic withdrawal reaction experienced by some people with alcoholism. It consists of confusion, clouded consciousness, and terrifying visual hallucinations.
Respuesta
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delirium tremens
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vertigo
-
alchohol dreams
-
ethyl tremors
Pregunta 18
Pregunta
An alcohol-related disorder marked by extreme confusion, memory impairment, and other neurological symptoms.
Respuesta
-
Fetal Alcohol syndrome
-
Korsakoff’s syndrome
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Tremains syndrome
-
Delerium syndrome
Pregunta 19
Pregunta
A cluster of problems in a child, including low birth weigh and irregularities in the head.
Respuesta
-
Fetal Alcohol syndrome
-
Korsakoff’s syndrome
-
Tremains syndrome
-
Delerium syndrome
Pregunta 20
Pregunta
Which is FALSE of alcoholism?
Respuesta
-
Plays a role in more than one-third of all suicides, homicides, assaults, rapes, and accidental deaths
-
Alcoholism destroys families, social relationships, and careers.
-
Creates losses to society that total many billions of dollars annually
-
Has serious effects on the children (some 30 million) of persons with this disorder
-
Damage to physical health, especially stomach
Pregunta 21
Pregunta
What is the name of the online drinking game in which a person posts personal videos of drinking an entire bottle of hard liquor and then nominates a friend to post an equal or more challenging video?
Respuesta
-
Neknominate
-
Nerve
-
True American
-
Tetodominate
Pregunta 22
Pregunta
Which depressant produces feelings of relaxation and drowsiness?
Respuesta
-
Alcohol
-
Sedative-hypnotic drugs
-
Opioids
Pregunta 23
Pregunta
At low doses sedative hypnotic drugs, they function as sleep inducers or hypnotics.
At high doses, they have a calming or sedative effect.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 24
Pregunta
At low doses sedative-hypnotic drugs, reduce excitement in a manner similar to alcohol by attaching to the GABA receptors and helping GABA operate.
At too high a level, they can halt breathing, lower blood pressure, and can lead to coma and death.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 25
Pregunta
Includes both natural (opium, heroin, morphine, codeine) and synthetic (methadone) compounds and is known collectively as “narcotics”. Involves different strength, speed of action, and tolerance level for each drug.
Respuesta
-
Opiod
-
Sedative-Hynotic
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Alchohol
Pregunta 26
Pregunta
Smoked, inhaled, injected by needle just under the skin (“skin popped”), or injected directly into the bloodstream (“mainlined”). Are often injected Produce a quick rush followed by several hours of pleasurable feelings due to depression of CNS. Can also cause nausea, narrowing of the pupils, and constipation.
Respuesta
-
Narcotic
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Alchohol
-
Cannabis
-
Stimulant
Pregunta 27
Pregunta
Is highly addictive substance derived from opium that is particularly effective in relieving pain
.
Respuesta
-
Morphine
-
Heroin
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Alcohol
-
Cocaine
Pregunta 28
Pregunta
Exemplifies the problems posed by opioids. After just a few weeks, users may develop OPIOID USE DISORDER.
Respuesta
-
Morphine
-
Heroin
-
Alcohol
-
Cocaine
Pregunta 29
Pregunta
Which is FALSE about the dangers of opioid use?
Respuesta
-
The most immediate danger is overdose. The drug closes down the respiratory center in the brain, paralyzing breathing and causing death.
-
People who resume use after having avoided it for some time often make the fatal mistake of taking the larger dose they had built up to before.
-
Users run the risk of getting impure drugs. Opioids are often “cut” with noxious chemicals.
-
Dirty needles and other equipment can spread infection.
Pregunta 30
Pregunta
What is the most powerful natural stimulant known.
Respuesta
-
Cocaine
-
Caffeine
-
Amphetamines
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Nicotine
Pregunta 31
Pregunta
Which type of substance increases the activity of the central nervous system (CNS); in blood pressure, heart rate, and alertness; and behavior and thinking?
Respuesta
-
Depressant
-
Stimulant
-
Hallucinogen
-
Cannabis
Pregunta 32
Pregunta
Derived from leaves of coca plant. The greatest danger of use is the risk of overdose. Excessive doses depress the brain’s respiratory function, and can stop breathing.
Respuesta
-
Cocaine
-
Amphetamine
-
Caffeine
-
Nicotine
Pregunta 33
Pregunta
What are stimulant drugs manufactured in the laboratory and most often taken in pill or capsule form. They increase energy and alertness and reduce appetite when taken in small doses. Produce a rush, intoxication, and psychosis in high doses.
Cause an emotional letdown as they leave the body. Stimulate the CNS by increasing dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin.
Respuesta
-
Cocaine
-
Amphetamine
-
Caffeine
-
Nicotine
Pregunta 34
Pregunta
What drug has had a major surge in popularity in recent years
. Nonmedical version is primarily made in “stovetop laboratories”
. Is about as likely to be used by women as men and has gained popularity as a “club drug".
Respuesta
-
Methamphetamine
-
Amphetamine
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Heroin
-
Cocaine
Pregunta 35
Pregunta
What is one of the most famous and powerful hallucinogens that brings on a state of hallucinogen intoxication (HALLUCINOSIS) within 2 hours of being swallowed. It increases and alters sensory perception and may induce extremely strong emotions.
Respuesta
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LSD
-
Ecstasy
-
MDMA
-
Marijuana
Pregunta 36
Pregunta
Which drug works by causing the neurotransmitters serotonin and (to a lesser extent) dopamine to be released all at once throughout the brain, at first increasing and then depleting a person’s overall supply of the neurotransmitters.
It interferes with the body’s ability to produce new supplies of serotonin. With repeated use, the brain eventually produces less and less serotonin.
Respuesta
-
MDMA
-
LSD
-
Ecstasy
-
X
Pregunta 37
Pregunta
Which drug says the greater the THC content, the more powerful the drug. It includes hashish and marijuana.
Respuesta
-
Depressant
-
Stimulant
-
Hallucinogen
-
Cannabis
Pregunta 38
Pregunta
Most surveyed tenth- graders say it is easy to get cigarettes, alcohol, and marijuana, and more than one-fifth say it is easy to get Ecstasy and amphetamines.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 39
Pregunta
Which is FALSE about the dangers of marijuana?
Respuesta
-
May cause panic reactions, accidents, concentration and memory problems, flashback
-
Produces a mixture of hallucinogenic, depressant, and stimulant effects when smoked
-
May cause respiratory problems and lung cancer
-
May affect reproduction
-
Most of the effects of cannabis last 4-6 hours
Pregunta 40
Pregunta
What is the pattern when people often take more than one drug at a time?
Respuesta
-
Polysubstance Use
-
Synergistic Effects
-
Antagonistic Effects
-
Medibicis Use
Pregunta 41
Pregunta
What are synergistic effects of the combination os substances?
Respuesta
-
When different drugs are in the body at the same time, they may multiply, or potentiate, each other’s effects
-
Patterns of substance abuse or dependence develop when living in stressful socioeconomic conditions
-
The physical risks involved in using drugs
-
The dependency on drugs
Pregunta 42
Pregunta
Which view says the cause of substance use disorders are patterns of substance abuse or dependence that develop when living in stressful socioeconomic conditions
. Substance use disorder is likely to appear in families and social environments where substance use is valued or accepted.
Respuesta
-
Sociocultural
-
Psychodynamic
-
Cognitive-Behavioral
-
Biological
Pregunta 43
Pregunta
Which view says the cause of substance use disorders is people who abuse substances that have powerful dependency needs that can be traced to their early years. Caused by a lack of parental nurturing and may develop into a SUBSTANCE ABUSE PERSONALITY as a result
.
Respuesta
-
Sociocultural
-
Psychodynamic
-
Cognitive-Behavioral
-
Biological
Pregunta 44
Pregunta
Which view says the cause of substance use disorders is a mix of Operant and Classical Conditioning. Such rewards eventually produce an expectancy that substances will be rewarding. This expectation is sufficient to motivate individuals to increase drug use at times of tension.
Respuesta
-
Sociocultural
-
Cognitive-Behavioral
-
Psychodynamic
-
Biological
Pregunta 45
Pregunta
Which view says the cause of substance use disorders involves genetic predisposition and biochemical factors?
Respuesta
-
Sociocultural
-
Psychodynamic
-
Cognitive-Behavioral
-
Biological
Pregunta 46
Pregunta
What says temporary reduction of drug-produced tension has rewarding effect thus likelihood that the user will seek this reaction again increases
. Rewarding effects may also lead users to try higher doses or more powerful methods of ingestion.
Respuesta
-
Classical Conditioning
-
Operant Conditioning
-
Both
-
Neither
Pregunta 47
Pregunta
What says objects present at the time drugs are taken may act as classically conditioned stimuli and come to produce some of the pleasure brought on by the drugs themselves
. Has not received widespread research support as the key factor in such patterns.
Respuesta
-
Classical Conditioning
-
Operant Conditioning
-
Both
-
Neither
Pregunta 48
Pregunta
What biological factor of substance abuse disorders shows findings from research with “alcohol-preferring” animals and human twins (concordance rates)
. Clearer support for a genetic model may come from adoption studies
.
Respuesta
-
Genetic predisposition
-
Biochemical Factors
-
Key NT
-
Incentive-Sensitization Theory
-
Reward-Deficiency Syndrome
Pregunta 49
Pregunta
What biological factor of substance abuse disorders involves biological explanations of drug tolerance and withdrawal based on NT functioning in the brain. Recent brain imaging studies have suggested that many (perhaps all) drugs eventually activate a reward center or “pleasure pathway” in the brain
.
Respuesta
-
Key NT
-
Incentive-Sensitization Theory
-
Reward-Deficiency Syndrome
-
Biochemical Factors
-
Genetic predisposition
Pregunta 50
Pregunta
What biological factor of substance abuse disorders says when dopamine is activated at this REWARD CENTER, a person experiences pleasure. Certain drugs stimulate the reward center directly, while other drugs stimulate the reward center in roundabout ways
.
Respuesta
-
Key NT
-
Incentive-Sensitization Theory
-
Reward-Deficiency Syndrome
-
Biochemical Factors
-
Genetic predisposition
Pregunta 51
Pregunta
What biological factor of substance abuse disorders says when substances repeatedly stimulate the reward center, the center develops a hypersensitivity to the substances; considerable support in animal studies.
Respuesta
-
Key NT
-
Reward-Deficiency Syndrome
-
Incentive-Sensitization Theory
-
Biochemical Factors
-
Genetic predisposition
Pregunta 52
Pregunta
What biological factor of substance abuse disorders says the reward center is not readily activated by “normal” life events so people turn to drugs to stimulate this pleasure pathway, particularly in times of stress.
Respuesta
-
Key NT
-
Incentive-Sensitization Theory
-
Reward-Deficiency Syndrome
-
Biochemical Factors
-
Genetic predisposition
Pregunta 53
Pregunta
One of the reasons drugs produce feelings of pleasure is because they increase levels of which neurotransmitter?
Respuesta
-
dopamine
-
serotonin
-
adrenaline
-
norepinephrine
Pregunta 54
Pregunta
Where do most people receive treatments for substance abuse disorders?
Respuesta
-
Self-help groups
-
Outpatient rehabilitation
-
Impatient rehabilitation
-
Outpatient mental health center
Pregunta 55
Pregunta
Which treatment of substance abuse disorders guides clients to uncover and work through underlying needs and conflicts related to disorder. Help clients change living styles .
Respuesta
-
Sociocultural
-
Psychodynamic
-
Biological
-
Cognitive-Behavioral
-
Behavioral
Pregunta 56
Pregunta
Which treatment of substance abuse disorders has individuals repeatedly presented with an unpleasant stimulus at the very moment they are taking a drug. After repeated pairings, they are expected to react negatively to the substance itself and to lose their craving for it.
Respuesta
-
Sociocultural
-
Psychodynamic
-
Cognitive-Behavioral
-
Biological
-
Behavioral
Pregunta 57
Pregunta
What therapy is most commonly applied to alcoholism. In one version, drinking behavior is paired with drug-induced nausea and vomiting. Another version of this approach requires people with alcoholism to imagine extremely upsetting, repulsive, or frightening scenes while they are drinking. The pairing is expected to produce negative responses to alcohol itself.
Respuesta
-
Aversion therapy
-
Contingency Management Theory
-
Cogntiive Therapy
-
Biological Therapy
Pregunta 58
Pregunta
Which treatment of substance abuse disorders helps clients identify and change the patterns and cognitions contributing to their patterns of substance misuse?
Respuesta
-
Sociocultural
-
Biological
-
Behavioral
-
Psychodynamic
-
Cognitive-Behavioral
Pregunta 59
Pregunta
What cognitive-behavioral therapy says the overall goal is for clients to gain control over their substance-related behaviors.
Clients are taught to identify and plan ahead for high-risk situations and to learn from mistakes and lapses.
This approach is used particularly to treat binge drinking.
Respuesta
-
relapse-prevention training
-
acceptance and commitment therapy
-
aversion therapy
-
contingency management therapy
Pregunta 60
Pregunta
Which treatment of substance abuse disorders helps people withdraw, abstain from them, or maintain their level of substance use without further increases
?
Respuesta
-
Sociocultural
-
Cognitive-Behavioral
-
Biological
-
Behavioral
-
Psychodynamic
Pregunta 61
Pregunta
Which biological treatment involves systematic and medically supervised withdrawal from a drug. Gradual withdrawal by tapering off doses of the substance. Induce withdrawal but give additional medication to block symptoms.
Respuesta
-
Detoxification
-
Antagonist Drugs
-
Drug Maintenance Therapy
Pregunta 62
Pregunta
Which biological treatment involves blocking or changing the effects of the addictive substance as an aid to resist falling back into a pattern of misuse.
Respuesta
-
Detoxification
-
Antagonist Drugs
-
Drug Maintenance Therapy
Pregunta 63
Pregunta
Which biological treatment involves methadone maintenance programs designed to provide a safe substitute for heroin.
Programs were roundly criticized as “substituting addictions” but are regaining popularity, partly because of the spread of HIV/AIDS.
Respuesta
-
Detoxification
-
Antagonist Drugs
-
Drug Maintenance Therapy
Pregunta 64
Pregunta
Which treatment of substance abuse disorders involves self-help organizations like Alcoholics Anonymous, Narcotics Anonymous, Residential treatment centers or therapeutic communities
, Culture- and gender-sensitive programs
, and Community prevention programs.
Respuesta
-
Sociocultural
-
Psychodynamic
-
Cognitive-Behavioral
-
Biological
-
Behavioral
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