80622
Descripción
Test por Sami-Jaine, actualizado hace más de 1 año
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Creado por Sami-Jaine
hace casi 11 años
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Pregunta 1
Pregunta
Which of the following are considered the "rules of direct causal association"
Respuesta
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not all patients with the type of cancer in question have to have previously been infected with the virus
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every cancer of this type carries the virus' genetic information in every malignant cell
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The virus itself, or individual virus genes can often "transform" the growth of normal cells in cell culture
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all patients with the type of cancer in question have previously infected with the virus
Pregunta 2
Pregunta
Which of the following contribute to the breakdown of tolerance?
Respuesta
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Failure to delete auto-reactive lymphocytes (peripheral and central tolerance failure)
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Molecular mimicry
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Abnormal presentation of self antigens
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Epitope spreading
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Polyclonal lymphocyte activation
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All of the above
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None of the above. This is a trick question.
Pregunta 3
Pregunta
Cigarette smoke is an irritant to the respiratory epithelium. It paralyses the sensitive cilia on the columnar cells and so the cells are (reversibly) replaced by the more robust squamous cells. This is an example of...
Respuesta
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metaplasia
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atrophy
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dysplasia
Pregunta 4
Pregunta
Dysplasia is the (reversible) state where a cell can change in which of the following ways...
Respuesta
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cell type
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size
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shape
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organisation
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colour
Pregunta 5
Pregunta
Dysplasia is considered...
Respuesta
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cancerous
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benign
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precancerous
Pregunta 6
Pregunta
Which of the following are true?
Respuesta
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Carcinomas are tumours of the epithelium
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Lymphomas, leukaemias and myelomas are haematological tumours
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Benign tumours can be fatal
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Sarcomas are tumours of muscle, cartilage, bone etc
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Benign tumours are still functional tissues
Pregunta 7
Pregunta
cancers arise in single cells. this makes them clonal in origin.
because all the cells in the cancer arose from the proliferation of this one cell, cancers are said to be
Respuesta
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monoclonal
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polyclonal
Pregunta 8
Pregunta
Is a malignant cell able to perform specialist tasks?
Respuesta
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Yes
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No
Pregunta 9
Pregunta
Distant growths originating from one tumour are called metastases?
Respuesta
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Yes
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No
Pregunta 10
Pregunta
Which of the following have an influence upon cancer development
Respuesta
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Geographical location
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Dietary fats, vitamins an fibres
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Smoking, sex hormones, age, family history
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