Pregunta 1
Pregunta
How do lipid-soluble molecules (like steriods) generally move thru cell membranes?
Pregunta 2
Pregunta
Placing a cell in _____ is most likely to cause a decrease in cell volume?
Respuesta
-
a hypotonic bathing solution
-
a hypertonic bathing solution
-
acidic rain water
-
distilled water
-
alkaline (or basic) rain water
Pregunta 3
Pregunta
The dominant fiber type in dene connective tissue
Respuesta
-
epithelin
-
fibrin
-
collagen
-
fribrillin
-
elastin
Pregunta 4
Pregunta
The alveoli of the lungs are made of
Pregunta 5
Pregunta
Epithelium is connected to underlying connective tissue by
Respuesta
-
a basement membrane
-
junctional complexes
-
intercellular glue
-
a fibrous netting
-
reticular fibers
Pregunta 6
Pregunta
All of the following are functions of epithelial tissues EXCEPT
Respuesta
-
Providing sensation
-
Controlling permeability
-
Producing specialized secretions
-
Providing physical protection
-
Providing connectivity between organs
Pregunta 7
Pregunta
The inter-cellular connection involving interlocking membrane proteins are
Respuesta
-
Tight junctions
-
Gap junctions
-
Desmosomes
-
Synaptisomes
-
Basement proteins
Pregunta 8
Pregunta
Mammary glands are most closely associated with ____ secretion
Respuesta
-
Holocrine
-
Apocrine
-
Merocrine
-
Endocrine
-
Acini Tubules
Pregunta 9
Pregunta
Adipocytes is most closely associated with
Pregunta 10
Pregunta
When a fair-skinned person blushes, why does his or her skin turn red?
Respuesta
-
The blood supply to the skin decreases
-
The blood supply to the skin increases
-
The number of red melanocytes in the skin increases
-
Melanocytes increase the production of red pigments
-
Increased heat causes the skin to turn red
Pregunta 11
Pregunta
The reproducing cells of the skin are located in the
Respuesta
-
Surface
-
Stratum corneum
-
Stratum lucidum
-
Stratum spinosum
-
Stratum germinativum
Pregunta 12
Pregunta
An epidermal layer found only on the skin of the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet is the
Respuesta
-
Stratum spinosum
-
Stratum granulosum
-
Stratum germinativum
-
Stratum corneum
-
Stratum lucidum
Pregunta 13
Pregunta
According to your instructor, deadly melanoma is associated with _____
Respuesta
-
Artificial sweeteners
-
Artificial food coloring
-
Chronic stress
-
Tanning booths
-
Improper diet
Pregunta 14
Pregunta
What are the layers associated with the Dermis?
Respuesta
-
Papillary and subcutaneous
-
Subcutaneous and reticular
-
Papillary and reticular
-
Reticular and accessory
-
Accessory and subcutaneous
Pregunta 15
Pregunta
Which Epithelial Tissue (E.T.) type is most closely associated with the epidermis?
Pregunta 16
Pregunta
Which three functional components underlie how responses to stimuli work?
Respuesta
-
Receptor, effector, motor
-
Motor, control center, feedback
-
Effector, control center, receptor
-
Feedback, effector, receptor
-
Control center, motor, feedback
Pregunta 17
Pregunta
From the choices below, identify the smallest functional unit considered "alive"
Respuesta
-
An animal
-
A cell
-
A membrane
-
An ion channel
-
an enzyme
Pregunta 18
Pregunta
Each of the following are cell types in connective tissue EXCEPT:
Respuesta
-
Muscle Cells
-
Mast Cells
-
Mesenchymal Cells
-
Microphages
-
Melanocytes
Pregunta 19
Pregunta
Two equal volumes (L and R) of water are separated by a screen with 1mm sized pores. A little sugar is added only to Side L. What would you see the next day?
Respuesta
-
Side L would have more sugar AND less water than side R
-
Side R would have more sugar AND less water than side L
-
Side L would have less sugar AND less water than side R
-
Both sides would have the same amount of sugar AND water
-
Both side would have the same amount of water, but Side L more sugar
Pregunta 20
Pregunta
If a substance has a pH that is less than 7, it is
Respuesta
-
Acidic
-
Basic
-
Alkaline
-
Buffered
-
Both B and C are correct
Pregunta 21
Pregunta
Which description below best describes all homeostatic processes?
Respuesta
-
Baseline values do not deviate over time
-
Negative feedback is essential
-
Positive feedback is essential
-
Baseline values are uncontrolled
-
Homeostasis is not auto regulated
Pregunta 22
Pregunta
Support, protection of soft tissues, mineral storage, and blood formation are functions of which system?
Respuesta
-
Skeletal
-
Connective tissue
-
Integumentary
-
Epithelial tissue
-
None of the above
Pregunta 23
Pregunta
The increasingly forceful labor contractions that lead to childbirth exemplify
Respuesta
-
Receptor activation
-
Effector shutdown
-
Positive feedback
-
Negative feedback
-
None of these
Pregunta 24
Pregunta
When body temperature falls, a center in the brain initiates physiological changes to increase body temperature. This regulation mechanism is an example of
Pregunta 25
Pregunta
Your instructor presented the idea that all physiology is finally (ultimately, at its most basic and rock bottom level) reducible to:
Respuesta
-
Histology
-
Cytology
-
Microbiology
-
Biochemistry
-
Physics
Pregunta 26
Pregunta
An unstable isotope that emits subatomic particles spontaneously is called
Respuesta
-
A cation or anion
-
An X-ray
-
A gamma ray
-
A radioisotope
-
A death ray
Pregunta 27
Pregunta
The most common fat found in the body is in the form of
Respuesta
-
Steroids
-
Adenosine monophosphate
-
Adenosine triphosphate
-
Monoglycerides
-
Trigylcerides
Pregunta 28
Pregunta
A polysaccharide that is formed in the liver and muscle to store glucose is
Respuesta
-
Glycose
-
Glucagon
-
Glycogen
-
Glycocalyx
-
Starch
Pregunta 29
Pregunta
Glycolysis and Glucogenolysis are prime and classic examples of
Respuesta
-
Anabolism
-
Buffering process
-
Catabolism
-
Dynamic equilibria
-
Exchange reactions
Pregunta 30
Pregunta
What pathology is caused by a failure to convert phenylalanine to tyrosine
Respuesta
-
Albinism
-
PKU
-
Marfan's syndrome
-
Galactosemia
-
Psoriasis
Pregunta 31
Pregunta
If the amount of sodium ion in blood plasma decreases
Respuesta
-
The blood colloidal pressure will increase
-
The blood colloidal pressure will decrease
-
The blood osmotic pressure will stay the same
-
The blood osmotic pressure will decrease
-
The blood osmotic pressure will increase
Pregunta 32
Pregunta
Facilitated diffusion differs from ordinary diffusion in that facilitated diffusion
Respuesta
-
Limits the rate of molecular movement by limiting the number of available carrier molecules
-
Moves molecules from area of higher concentration to lower concentration
-
never eliminates the concentration gradient
-
Does not limit the rate of molecular movement by the number of available carrier molecules
-
Expends no ATP
Pregunta 33
Pregunta
Which suborganelle is most associated with protein synthesis in a cell?
Pregunta 34
Pregunta
During relaxation, muscles return to their original length NOT because of
Pregunta 35
Pregunta
At rest, active sites on the actin are blocked by
Respuesta
-
Myosin molecules
-
Calcium ions
-
ATP molecules
-
Troponin molecules
-
Tropomyosin molecules
Pregunta 36
Pregunta
Tropomyosin wraps (entwines) itself around which other muscle element?
Respuesta
-
Myosin
-
F-actin
-
Troponin
-
Titin
-
H-band
Pregunta 37
Pregunta
The 'power stroke' in skeletal muscle contraction is directly associated with:
Respuesta
-
Myosin head pivots at joint pulling action
-
AP movement down t-tubule
-
Calcium release from SR
-
AP movement along sarcolemma
-
Calcium binding to troponin
Pregunta 38
Pregunta
We can distinguish between sensations originating in different body areas because
Respuesta
-
Receptors from each body region synapse in specific brain regions
-
Sensory neurons carry only one type of information
-
Incoming sensory information is first assessed by the thalamus
-
Different types of sensory receptors produce different types of APs
-
Sensory neurons in different parts of the body are different from each other.
Pregunta 39
Pregunta
Diffusion across the Arachnoid Granulations return excess CSF to
Respuesta
-
The third ventricle
-
Arterial circulation
-
Venous circulation
-
The fourth ventricle
-
The central canal
Pregunta 40
Pregunta
Soon after a person dies (and loses all ATPs), Their skeletal muscles:
Respuesta
-
Flex with significant force
-
Stiffen from actin+myosin binding
-
Extend with significant force
-
Get smaller in volume
-
Get larger in volume
Pregunta 41
Pregunta
Each of the following are characteristics of smooth muscles EXCEPT:
Pregunta 42
Pregunta
Which of the following is responsible for reciprocal inhibition?
Pregunta 43
Pregunta
Arrange the following steps involved in a reflex arc into proper sequence
a. activation of a sensory neuron
b. activation of a motor neuron
c. response by an effector
d. arrival of a stimulus and activation of a receptor
e. information processing
Respuesta
-
D,E,A,B,C
-
A,B,C,E,D
-
D,A,B,C,E
-
E,B,C,D,A
Pregunta 44
Pregunta
People perceive different intensities of light when their brains receive different ___
Respuesta
-
Action potentials sned to various regions of their brain
-
Shapes of action potentials
-
Sizes of action potentials
-
Wavelengths of light
-
Rate of action potentials
Pregunta 45
Pregunta
Part of the brain most closely associated with emotions (e.g. pleasure, hunger) is:
Respuesta
-
Cerebrum
-
Thalamus
-
Hypothalamus
-
Cerebellum
-
Medulla oblongata
Pregunta 46
Pregunta
The cell bodies of the sympathetic preganglionic neurons are in the:
Respuesta
-
Lateral gray horns of T1 through L2 region of the spinal cord
-
Brain stem and sacral areas of the spinal cord
-
Lateral gray horns of the cervical region of the spinal cord
-
Anterior gray horns of the entire spinal cord
-
Lateral gray horns of the entire spinal cord
Pregunta 47
Pregunta
Activity of the parasympathetic ANS mainly
Respuesta
-
Is directed towards different sets of organs than the sympathetic ANS
-
Is involved in "fight or flight" responses
-
Increases when someone turns into the "hulk"
-
Increase blood flow to the skeletal muscles
-
Increases while calmly digesting dinner
Pregunta 48
Pregunta
The cell bodies of the parasympathetic preganglionic neurons are found in the:
Respuesta
-
Lateral gray horns of T1 through L2 region of the spinal cord
-
Brain stem and lateral gray horns of the sacral areas of the spinal cord
-
Lateral gray horns of the cervical region of the spinal cord
-
Anterior gray horns of the entire spinal cord
-
Lateral gray horns of the entire spinal cord
Pregunta 49
Pregunta
Of the 31 pairs of spinal nerves, each one monitors a particular ____
Pregunta 50
Pregunta
Large, multinucleated cells that can dissolve the bony matrix are termed
Respuesta
-
Osteocytes
-
Osteoclasts
-
Osteoblasts
-
Stem Cells
-
Chondrocytes
Pregunta 51
Pregunta
Appositional growth in bones is most closely related to growth in:
Respuesta
-
Bone length
-
Osteoclasts
-
Epiphyseal conversion
-
Bone diameter
-
Bone turnover
Pregunta 52
Pregunta
____ decreases the concentration of calcium in the blood
Respuesta
-
Calcitonin
-
Calcitrol
-
Parathyroid hormone
-
Vitamin D
-
Both B and D are correct
Pregunta 53
Pregunta
The "shaft" of a long bone is most closely associated with the
Respuesta
-
Epiphysis
-
Diaphysis
-
Periosteum
-
Endochondrial
-
Appositional
Pregunta 54
Pregunta
Arrange the steps in the generation of an action potential into proper sequence
a. sodium channels inactivated
b. potassium channels open and potassium moves out of the cell
c. sodium channels regain their normal properties
d. graded depolarization brings area of excitable membrane to threshold
e. a temporary hyperpolarization occurs
f. sodium channel activation occurs
g. sodium ions enter the cell and depolarization occurs
Respuesta
-
d,f,g,a,b,c,e
-
a,b,e,c,d,f,g
-
b,d,e,f,g,a,c
-
d,a,g,e,f,b,c
-
d,e,a,c,b,f,g
Pregunta 55
Pregunta
During saltatory conduction, (APs=Action potentials)
Respuesta
-
APs move in all directions along an axon
-
Local currents depolarize adjacent areas of membrane so that APs continue to form along the membrane
-
APs produce a local current that is strong enough to spread along the length of the axon
-
Local potentials produce a continuous outward flow of potassium ions
-
APs occur between successive nodes along the length of stimulated axon
Pregunta 56
Pregunta
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is associated with a loss of myelin. MS may then involve:
Respuesta
-
Oligodendrocytes
-
Astrocytes
-
Microglia
-
Ependymal
-
Renshaw neurons
Pregunta 57
Pregunta
The later part of the rising (depolarizing) phase of the action potential is mediated by a(n) ____ ion membrane channel
Respuesta
-
Ligand-gated
-
Voltage-gated
-
Leak
-
Active pump
-
Facilitated diffusion
Pregunta 58
Pregunta
Which of the following is TRUE of a graded potential?
Respuesta
-
The potential is propagated with a constant magnitude
-
The potential is all-or-none
-
Stimulus causes ion channels to open changing membrane permeability
-
No summation of potentials occurs
-
The potential has a refractory period
Pregunta 59
Pregunta
Opening of Na+ channels in the membrane of a neuron normally results in
Pregunta 60
Pregunta
A resting (trans)membrane potential of a cell has a value of approximately
Pregunta 61
Pregunta
What prevents the action potential from traveling in both directions down an axon?
Respuesta
-
The resting potential
-
Ligand-gated channels
-
Graded potentials
-
The refractory period
-
Leak channels
Pregunta 62
Pregunta
A person whose genetic makeup or training makes them a better SPRINTER than a marathon runner has ___ in their leg muscles
Respuesta
-
More red muscle fibers
-
More white muscles fibers
-
More noncontractile fibers
-
Equal amounts of red and white m. fibers
-
Less myoglobin than hemoglobin
Pregunta 63
Pregunta
The smooth but steady increase in muscle tension (sub maximally) produced by increasing the number of active motor units is called:
Respuesta
-
Recruitment
-
Tetany
-
A twitch
-
Relaxation
-
Recovery
Pregunta 64
Pregunta
____ is involved in BOTH synaptic transmission and excitation-contraction coupling?
Respuesta
-
Mysoin
-
Chloride
-
Calcium
-
Tropomyosin
-
T-tubules
Pregunta 65
Pregunta
Which striated muscle band is directly adjacent to the Z-line (or Z-disk)?
Respuesta
-
A-band
-
H-band
-
T-band
-
M-band
-
I-band
Pregunta 66
Pregunta
Overseeing the postural muscles of the body and making rapid adjustments to maintain balance and equilibrium are functions of the
Respuesta
-
Cerebrum
-
Midbrain
-
Pons
-
Cerebellum
-
Medulla
Pregunta 67
Pregunta
Cardiac output is equal to:
Respuesta
-
difference between diastolic volume and systolic volume
-
product of heart rate and stroke volume
-
difference between stroke volume and rest and during exercise
-
stroke volume minus systolic volume
-
product of heart rate and BP
Pregunta 68
Pregunta
According to Frank Starling's heart law, cardiac output is directly related to
Pregunta 69
Pregunta
Red blood cell production is regulated primarily by the hormone
Respuesta
-
Thymosin
-
Angiotensin
-
Erythropoietin (EPO)
-
ACTH
-
LH
Pregunta 70
Pregunta
The part of the cardiac cycle associated with relaxation of the ventricles and filling of the atria is:
Pregunta 71
Pregunta
An example of a hormone that functions as a vasoconstritor is:
Respuesta
-
histamine
-
prostoglandin
-
bradykinin
-
serotonin
-
adrenaline
Pregunta 72
Pregunta
Which change will NOT result in increased blood flow to a tissue?
Respuesta
-
increased blood volume
-
decreased vessel diameter
-
increased blood pressure
-
decreased peripheral resistance
-
relaxation of precapillary sphincters
Pregunta 73
Pregunta
Which of the responses below is NOT true of Kwashiorkor Edema?
Respuesta
-
involves a blockage of lymphatic ducts
-
involves a lowering or plasma protein
-
involves an increase of interstitial volume
-
involves poor nutrition
-
involves alterations in osmotic pressure
Pregunta 74
Pregunta
Excess secretion of growth hormone AFTER puberty will cause
Respuesta
-
dwarfism
-
cancer
-
gigantism
-
acromegaly
-
diabetes
Pregunta 75
Pregunta
STEROIDS ARE KNOWN TO BE RELEASE INTO THE BLOODSTREAM FROM THE
Respuesta
-
hypothalamus
-
anterior pituitary
-
posterior pituitary
-
pancreas
-
adrenal cortex
Pregunta 76
Pregunta
The hormone that is antagonist of calcitonin is
Respuesta
-
insulin
-
glucagon
-
growth hormone
-
parathyroid hormone
-
Thyroxin (T4)
Pregunta 77
Pregunta
Excessive immune responses to antigens are
Pregunta 78
Pregunta
Histamine increases blood flow and vascular permeability. This would account for which of the following changes that occur during inflammation?
Respuesta
-
redness of the inflamed tissue
-
swelling of the inflamed tissue
-
heat of the inflamed tissue
-
the localization of proteins and cells necessary for body defense
-
all of the above
Pregunta 79
Pregunta
Blood osmotic pressure is most affected by changes in the
Respuesta
-
concentration of plasmas sodium ions
-
concentration of plasma waste glucose
-
concentration of plasma waste products
-
concentration of plasma proteins
-
number of white blood cells
Pregunta 80
Pregunta
In response to hemorrhage, there is a
Respuesta
-
mobilization of the venous reserve
-
increased parasympathetic stimulation of the heart
-
decreased sympathetic stimulation
-
decreased vasomotor tone and increased parasympathetic stimulation of heart
-
decreased vasomotor tone and decreased sympathetic stimulation of the heart
Pregunta 81
Pregunta
Edema would be likely to form
Respuesta
-
the concentration of protein in the blood increases
-
hemorrhage occurs
-
the heart insufficient pressure pumping
-
blood hydrostatic pressure in the capillary decreases outward flow of fluid
-
blood hydrostatic pressure in capillary is less than blood osmotic pressure
Pregunta 82
Pregunta
The cells responsible for the production of circulating antibodies are
Respuesta
-
Natural killer cells
-
plasma cells
-
helper T cells
-
cytotoxic T cells
-
supressor T cells
Pregunta 83
Pregunta
The body's largest lymphatic tissue is the:
Respuesta
-
thyroid
-
thymus
-
thalamus
-
pancreas
-
spleen
Pregunta 84
Pregunta
With a patient being thin, nervous, with protruding eye (balls), you are thinking that
Respuesta
-
they suffer from Graves disease
-
they suffer from myxedema
-
they suffer from cretinism
-
they suffer from acromegaly
-
they suffer from hyroencephaly
Pregunta 85
Pregunta
Depolarization in the cochlear hair cell will occur if the sterocilia moves (bends)
Respuesta
-
up towards the tectoral membrane
-
down towards the basilar membrane
-
sideways towards the taller sterocilia
-
sideways towards the shorter sterocilia
-
back and forth sideways (both C and D)
Pregunta 86
Pregunta
Different pitches (frequencies) of sounds are discriminated in cochlea through
Respuesta
-
stimulating/vibrating different types/classes of sterocilia
-
stimulating/vibrating different classes of hair cells
-
stimulating/vibrating different types/ classes of ion channels
-
stimulating/vibrating different auditory canals or membranes
-
stimulating/vibrating different patches of the basilar membrane
Pregunta 87
Pregunta
The round-ish lens shape in the most closely associated with focusing on a
Respuesta
-
bright object
-
dim object
-
close object
-
distant object
-
both B and D are correct
Pregunta 88
Pregunta
A drifting blood clot is called an
Respuesta
-
embolus
-
thrombus
-
plaque
-
coagulant
-
platelet plug
Pregunta 89
Pregunta
The left and right pulmonary veins carry blood to the
Respuesta
-
right atrium
-
right ventricle
-
left atrium
-
left ventricle
-
lungs
Pregunta 90
Pregunta
The heart sound is heard when
Pregunta 91
Pregunta
Aged and broken down erythrocytes are broken down by the ____
Respuesta
-
spleen
-
yellow bone marrow
-
kidneys
-
digestive tract
-
thymus gland
Pregunta 92
Pregunta
The heart valve occurring between the LA and LV is called the ____ valve
Respuesta
-
aortic (semilunar)
-
pulmonary semilunar
-
triscuspid
-
aortic tricuspid
-
mitral (bicuspid)
Pregunta 93
Pregunta
Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus is also known as
Respuesta
-
non insulin dependent
-
type I
-
type II
-
type III
-
diabetes insipidus
Pregunta 94
Pregunta
The sclera is most closely associated with the
Pregunta 95
Pregunta
Anemia is most closely associated with
Respuesta
-
high levels of oxygen in tissues
-
hematocrit value of less than 40
-
low levels of carbon dioxide in tissues
-
hematocrit value of more than 40
-
hematocrit value of more than 50
Pregunta 96
Pregunta
The Pitiarty hormeon that mots specifically promotes egg development in ovaries and sper developmetn in testes is
Respuesta
-
TSH
-
ACTH
-
FSH
-
prolactin
-
GH (or HGH) (or HGHRH)
Pregunta 97
Pregunta
In human photoreceptors, to what does "dark current" refer?
Respuesta
-
The movement of sodium ion INTO photoreceptors in complete darkness
-
The movement of sodium ions OUT OF photoreceptors in complete darkness
-
The movement of cGMP INTO photoreceptors in complete darkness
-
The movement of cGMP OUT OF photoreceptors in complete darkness
-
The movement of
Pregunta 98
Pregunta
The structure that separates the cholera duct from the tympanic duct is the
Respuesta
-
Tectorial membrane
-
basilar membrane
-
vestiblar duct
-
organ of Corti
-
tympanic membrane
Pregunta 99
Pregunta
An inability for the body to clot (prevent flow out of) blood is most closely associated with
Respuesta
-
thalassemia
-
hemophilia
-
diapedesis
-
hemostasemia
-
leukemia