Test
Developmental Quiz
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Preguntas del test (95)
1Before learning about Piaget's theory, you understood the terms "assimilation" and "accommodation" as they are used in conversation. After learning about Piaget's theory, you understood these terms as processes of intellectual development. This new understanding is most specifically known as
- Aorganisation
- Bassimilation
- Caccommodation
- Depistemology
2A most basic assumption of Piaget's theory is that children progress through developmental stages _________ .
- Ain an invariant sequence
- Bat specific ages
- Cdependent upon their sociocultural experiences
- Das they acquire increasingly complex understandings of imitation
3Developmental research has confirmed the basic sequence of development that Piaget proposed for the sensorimotor period, but some of the milestones are reached earlier than he proposed, including all of the following except
- AA-not-B errors
- Bdeferred imitation
- Cprimary circular reactions
- Dobject permanence
4Which of the following competencies is acquired in Piaget's preoperational stage?
- Asymbolic function
- Bdecentration
- Creversibility
- Dtransitivity
5Piaget notes that children's cognitive competencies were often uneven, with children being unable to solve certain problems even though they could solve similar problems requiring the same mental operations. He referred to this phenomenon as
- Agenetic epistemology
- Bdecentration of operations
- Cmental seriation
- Dhorizontal decalage
6Tamara is beginning to use hypothetico-deductive reasoning and inductive reasoning in her thinking. She is becoming quite idealistic in her thinking about world politics and even her parents' behaviour. In addition, she imagines that other people are as interested in her thoughts and behaviours as she is. Tamara is most likely in the _________ stage of development.
- Asensorimotor
- Bpreoperational
- Cconcrete-operational
- Dformal-operational
7Developmental psychologists critisise Piaget's cognitive developmental theory for all of the following reasons except
- Athe assumption that development occurs in stages
- Bfailing to adequately describe different stages of cognitive development
- Cfailing to specify how children progress from one stage of development to the next
- Dunderstanding social and cultural influences on cognitive development
8Vygotsky proposed that we should evaluate development from the perspective of four interrelated levels in interaction with children's environments. These four levels include all of the following except
- Amicrogenetic
- Bontogenetic
- Cphylogenetic
- Dsociogenetic
9Text messaging to communicate using cell phones is so common in today's generation of teenagers and young adults that it has become what Vygotsky would call a
- Azone of proximal development
- Btool of intellectual adaptation
- Cscaffold
- Dguide of participation
10________ argued that children's self-talk was a form of egocentric speech. ________ argued that children's self-talk was a cognitive self-guidance system that regulates problem-solving activities.
- APiaget; Vygotsky
- BPiaget; Piaget
- CVygotsky; Piaget
- DVygotsky; Vygotsky
11Which of the following emotions is not present at birth?
- Ainterest
- Bdisgust
- Ccontentment
- Dembarrassment
12Children must achieve the cognitive abilities of self-recognition and self-evaluation in order to experience which of the following emotions?
- Acontentment
- Bdisgust
- Cembarrassment
- Dinterest
13Each culture has _______ that specify for children of each gender the appropriate intensity of emotion and the appropriate valence (positive or negative) of emotion that is acceptable in that culture.
- Aemotional regulation rules
- Bemotional display rules
- Csocial referencing rules
- Dsocialisation rules
14A person's tendency to respond in predictable ways to environmental events is known as
- Aemotional regulation
- Bemotional display
- Ctemperament
- Dsocialisation
15When there is a poor goodness-of-fit between parenting behaviours and temperamental attributes, ________ children may experience adjustment problems.
- Aslow-to-warm-up
- Beasy
- Cbehaviourally inhibited
- Dsociable
16After the _________, infants use their attachment object as a secure base for exploration.
- Aasocial phase of attachments
- Bphase of indiscriminate attachments
- Cphase of specific attachments
- Dphase of multiple attachments
17Which theory of attachment is currently considered the predominately accepted theory by developmental psychologists?
- Apsychoanalytic
- Blearning
- Ccognitive developmental
- Dethological
18Which developmental milestone is generally thought to be necessary before an infant will display separation anxiety?
- Aentering the asocial phase of attachments
- Busing the attachment figure as a secure base for exploration
- Cachieving object permanence
- Dexperiencing embarrassment or shame
19Jamal is a 1-year-old toddler who is being tested in a university laboratory. He is guided through a series of episodes during which his mother and a stranger come and go from the room in which he is playing. Jamal is most likely being tested using the
- AStrange Situation Test
- BAttachment Q-set Test
- CAttachment Classification Test
- DSecure Attachment Test
20Infants may form ________ of themselves and of others, which are somewhat stable over time and influence their reactions to people and challenges for years to come.
- Aattachment classifications
- Btemperamental classifications
- CQ-set models
- Dinternal working models
21A psychologist studies ________. She is interested in how children learn the meanings of bound morphemes, free morphemes, and sentences.
- Aphonology
- Bmorphology
- Csemantics
- Dsyntax
22Tamina is preoccupied with pointing at things and asking what they are. She is a toddler who experiences
- Athe naming explosion
- Bprelinguistic vocables
- Can overactive language acquisition device (LAD)
- Dmetalinguistic awareness
23Which of the following is a disadvantage of the longitudinal research design?
- AIt does not evaluate individual differences in development.
- BIt is subject to the cross-generational problem.
- CIt violates the scientific method.
- DIt may cause developmental delays and trauma to the participants
24Which of the following is a disadvantage of the cross-sectional research design?
- AIt does not evaluate individual differences in development.
- BIt is subject to the cross-gender problem.
- CIt violates the scientific method.
- DIt may cause developmental changes that would not occur naturally and which may not be long-lasting.
25Match with the correct answer.
- Afrom 3rd to 8th prenatal week
- Bmajor organ systems begin to function
- Clasting from conception to implantation
26A severe form of depression suffered by about 10% of new mothers leaves these women feeling like they don't want their babies, perceiving their babies to be "difficult", and not interacting with their babies. These feelings can last for months. This form of depression is known as
- Amaternity depression
- Bmaternity blues
- Cpostpartum depression
- Dpost-birth depression
27Oxygen deprivation at birth is called
- Abreech delivery
- Banoxia
- Coxygen depletion
- Dumbilical cord abnormality
28Match with the correct answer.
- Aa father's initial emotional response
- Ba mother's initial emotional response
29________ are external agents such as viruses, drugs, chemicals, and radiation that can harm a developing embryo or fetus.
- AFetal programs
- BPCBs
- CTeratogens
- DToxoplasmoses
30A period during which an organism is quite susceptible to certain environmental influences is known as ________ . Outside this period, the same environmental influences must be much stronger to produce comparable effects.
- Asensitive period
- Bteratogen period
- Cdifferentiation period
- Ddanger period
31The most critical period in prenatal development for potential damage to the developing organism from teratogens is the period of the
- Ablastocyst
- Bzygote
- Cfetus
- Dembryo
32According to Piaget, accommodation refers to
- Athe modification or distortion of new information in order to incorporate it into current schemes
- Bthe fact that every structure has its genesis in previous structures
- Cthe tendency to integrate structures into higher-order systems of structures
- Dthe changing of a current scheme in order to incorporate new information
33According to Piaget, cognitive equilibration refer to the
- Atendency to integrate structures into higher-order systems or structures
- Bindividual seeking to stabilise his or her cognitive structures
- Ctendency to modify structures in order to incorporate new information into existing structures
- Dfact that every structure has its genesis (i.e., its origins) in earlier structures
34Match the concepts with their definitions after Piaget.
- AIntelligence
- BCognitive Equilibration
- CAssimilation
- DConstructivist
- ESchemes
- FOrganisation
35The first major period in Piaget's stage theory is the sensorimotor stage, which lasts from birth to approximately 2 years of age. Accordingly to Piaget, children at this stage
- Aare not able to comprehend the world yet, and must rely on others to do their thinking for them
- Bare able to think logically and comprehend their environment
- Care of little interest to experimental psychologists because they are unable to verbalise fluently
- Dare able to comprehend the world around them through their actions on it
36According to Piaget, imitation is the purest example of
- Aaccommodation
- Bassimilation
- Cthe coordination of both assimilation and coordination
- Dabstract representation
37Six-month-old Pedro is playing with his stuffed toy rabbit in his crib. He sets the rabbit down, and as he moves to reach his bottle, his blanket covers this toy. Pedro then turns to reach for his rabbit, but seeing only a bump in his blanket, he cries. According to Piaget, Pedro’s actions in this situation reflect a lack of
- Aobject permanence
- Bdeferred imitation
- Cprimary circular reactions
- Dassimilation
38Piaget's concept of object permanence refers to the
- Aknowledge that objects have an existence in space and time independent of one's perceptions of and action on them
- Bknowledge that an inanimate object (e.g., a ball) will remain in a given location when put there, although an animate object (e.g., a rabbit) may not
- Ctendency for semantic knowledge of objects to remain permanently in long-term memory
- Dability to memorise the spatial location of permanent objects in the environment
39Match the following concepts with their definitions.
- AA-not-B error
- Bprimary circular reactions
- Cinvariant developmental sequence
- Dcordination of 2ndary circular reactions
- Eneo-nativism
40Glen's mother has dark hair and is short; Glen thinks that all mothers have dark hair and are short. This is an example of
- Aconservation
- Bdisequilibrium
- Cegocentrism
- Daccommodation
41The preoperational child is charaterised by
- Aintrospective and abstract thinking
- Blogical, concrete, and nonabstract thinking
- Csymbolic, intuitive thinking
- Dsymbolic, intuitive, and egocentric thinking
42A 5-year-old child suggests that John, who is 6 feet tall, must be older than his Aunt Mary, who is only 5 feet tall. This approach of interpreting age based solely on the height of an individual can be attributed to this child’s
- Aseeing events as specific states and ignoring transformations
- Begocentricity
- Cinability to deal with a superordinate and subordinate concept simultaneously
- Dperceptual centration
43Match the following concepts with their definitions.
- Arepresentational insight
- Bconservation
- Chypothetico-deductive reasoning
- Danimism
- Ehorizontal décalage
44Vygotsky discussed four perspectives of development that should be considered in any theory of intellectual development. Which one of the following is not one of the perspectives proposed by Vygotsky?
- Amicrogenetic development
- Bphylogenetic development
- Csociocultural development
- Dprenatal development
45Five-year-old Erin sits on the floor with her mother as they play a board game. Erin rolls a 2 and a 3 on the dice. She picks up her game piece, a small toy dog, moving it along the board as she says, “I move my doggie one, two . . . then I move my doggie one, two, three.” Erin’s behaviour reflects
- APiaget’s perspective, that private speech reflects the child’s egocentricity of thought and represents the child’s unsuccessful attempt at social speech
- BPiaget’s perspective, that private speech is a necessary precursor to social speech in that it serves as preparation (practice) for successful social communication
- CVygotsky’s perspective, that private speech serves as a cognitive self-guidance system for young children
- Dboth Piaget’s and Vygotsky’s perspectives, that private speech is presymbolic and serves only to initiate or inhibit overt motor actions and has no influence on cognition
46Match the following concepts with their definitions.
- Azone of proximal development
- Bontogenetic development
- Cguided participation
- Dmicrogenetic development
- Escaffolding
- Ftools of intellectual adaption
47A researcher reports that boys show more physical aggression than girls in free play. She is able to demonstrate consistency of results across time, situations, and observers. Therefore, her findings are:
- Areliable
- Bvalid
- Cproven
- Dall of the above
48A researcher uses looking preferences to assess categorisation abilities of babies who cannot yet speak. She is able to demonstrate that the measure she uses accurately reflects the variables that are under study. Therefore, her findings are:
- Areliable
- Bvalid
- Cproven
- Dall of the above
49A researcher measures children’s language development by administering questionnaires to parents. Possible problems?
- AParental questionnaires are never valid
- BParental answers are seldom reliable
- CParental answers are not suitable for assessment of children's verbal behaviour.
- DMay be inferior to measuring the behaviour directly
- EAll of the above
50A researcher measures children’s cognitive development by asking questions about a hypothetical situation. Possible problems?
- AChildren may know something but be unable to explain it.
- BDifferent children may get different prompts, depending on their previous answers.
- CExperimenter may be biased in interpreting the answers.
- DMay be interior to measuring the behaviour directly.
- EAll of the above.
51A researcher measures play behaviour of a few children over a long period of time, in daily structured play sessions. Possible problems?
- AChildren will get bored with this and underperform.
- BResults will be insufficient to draw valid conclusions.
- CResults may not generalise to other children.
- DAll of the above.
52Say that we found that watching a lot of violence on TV is correlated with disruptive behaviours in children. What conclusions can be drawn from this?
- ATV violence may cause disruptive behaviour
- BParents of disruptive children allow them to watch more TV programmes.
- CAll of the above could be true.
- DNone of the above.
53A researcher reported that 3-year-old children have longer attention span than 2-year-old children, as they remembered more pictures shown in a test. She used a cross-sectional design, and tested 25 children in each group.
- AData are not valid or reliable.
- BData are not generalisible
- CData cannot tell us about the development of individual children.
- DAll of the above.
- ENone of the above.
54Recommended for women in general: up to 14-21 units / week, so up to 2-3 units per day is OK. How much is it safe to drink in pregnancy?
- ANo drinking at all
- BOne unit per day
- CTwo units per day
- DThree units per day
55Birth experience for babies is...
- ANot very stressful at all
- BQuite stressful
- CVery stressful
- DTorturous
56For parents, especially the mother, is there a sensitive period for emotional bonding in first 6-12 hours after birth?
- AYes - this is crucial for the full acceptance of a new baby.
- BNo, there is no such thing as a sensitive period.
- CIt may be helpful but it is not necessary.
- DIt may be helpful not to see the baby immediately, until mother is properly rested and hormones return to normal.
57You show preschool children Manyard the Cat. Then, in front of them, you place a dog mask on the cat’s face. You ask the children, does he bark or meow? They will say
- Ameow
- Bbark
- Ccan do either as he chooses
- Dneither
58Genetic epistemology, Piaget's academic specialty, could be defined as the study of the:
- Achild's social relations with others such as peers.
- Binheritance of developmental disability.
- Cinheritance of behavioural habits.
- Ddevelopment of knowledge.
59In Piaget's theory, balance between the child's thoughts and the environment is called:
- ASecondary circular reaction.
- BPhylogenetic scaffolding.
- CEarly constructivism.
- DCognitive equilibrium.
60Object permanence refers to the understanding that:
- Adurable todays are preferred over those that break soon.
- Bexistence continues even when something is out of sight.
- Cinanimate objects have the ability to "hide" actively.
- Dlost objects will always be located later.
61Three-year-old Bethan gets scared when her mum dresses up in a dinosaur costume on Halloween. This child shows:
- Aa phylogenetic development.
- Bassimilation and accommodation.
- Clack of object (person) permanence.
- Dmisunderstanding of the appearance/reality distinction.
62Suppose we asked children to make drawings of all the life forms that might occur on another planet. According to Piaget, the novelest, creative ideas of life forms are likely to come from children at the:
- Asensorimotor stage of cognitive development.
- Bpreoperational stage of cognitive development.
- Cconcrete-operational stage of development.
- Dformal-operational stage of development.
63Roxanne is 4 ½ years old. She often talks out loud even when other people are not listening. This habit is:
- Aunusual for boys but common for girls.
- Bunusual for girls but common for boys.
- Cfairly common in all children of her age but of no significance for her cognitive development.
- Dfairly common in all children her age and helpful to her cognitive development.
64Which statement is LEAST applicable to Vygotsky's theory?
- ACooperative interactions with skilled tutors are helpful.
- BVariations in cultural influences are acknowledged.
- CDevelopmental universals are sought and identified.
- DScaffolding assists the child with difficult tasks.
65In the mirror self-recognition test, the parent covertly places a red spot on 1-year-old Gareth’s face. The child is then presented with a mirror. What is he most likely to do?
- ADeliberately ignore the red spot.
- BStare at the red spot.
- CTouch their nose / wipe the red spot.
- DInteract with the mirror (kissing or touching it)
66When do children start learning their native language?
- Aabout 12 months old
- Babout 6 months old
- Csoon after birth
- Dbefore they are born
67Some language developmental researchers claim that 8-month old infants can out-perform older children on certain language tasks. Why?
- AThey are attention-, funds- and fame-seeking scientists
- BThey are simply mistaken - other researchers disagree
- CThere are large individual differences in development, some infants can be so advanced that they outperform average pre-schoolers
- DThis is actually true for all children in some aspects of comprehension.
68Which type of parenting produces the happiest, best-adjusted children?
- AAuthoritative (high demandingness/control and high acceptance/responsiveness)
- BAuthoritarian (high demandingness/control and low acceptance/responsiveness)
- CPermissive (low demandingness/control and high acceptance/responsiveness)
- DUninvolved (low demandingness/control) and low acceptance/responsiveness)
69Jo has bad temper which often leads to crying and shouting. Jo’s mum tries to avoid public embarrassment by giving in to Jo’s demands when they are out. This makes it more likely that this situation will happen again. This fits with a
- AParent effects model.
- BChild effects model.
- CTransactional model.
- DUniversal model.
70Girls are more likely than boys to show which kind of aggression?
- AHostile.
- BInstrumental.
- CRelational.
- DBullying.
71A strong advantage of the longitudinal design is
- AThat informed consent is not necessary.
- BIts ability to discern amongst cohorts.
- CThat it follows development of individuals.
- DThat it protects from selective attrition.
72Which of these is NOT among the five measurements that make up the APGAR test for neonates?
- AMuscle tone.
- BHeart rate.
- CReflex irritability.
- DAttention span.
73In recent decades, the age of viability has advanced earlier in the period of the fetus because of
- AThe increasing rate of single parenthood.
- BThe perfusion of toxic chemicals in food and water.
- CBetter maternal nutrition.
- DAdvances in medical technology.
74Reasoning by verbal analogy: MATERNITY BLUES are to POSTPARTUM DEPRESSION as __________ is to __________.
- APRIMATE / HUMAN
- BPOSITIVE / NEGATIVE
- CFATHER / MOTHER
- DMILD / INTENSE
75When adults interpret emotions displayed by babies in their first months of life, they
- AAre unreliable and inaccurate.
- BDo better with negative emotions than with positive.
- CDo better with positive emotions than with negative.
- DAre highly accurate regardless of the type of emotions.
76"Social referencing" refers to the child's ability to
- ACategorise people or animals as good or bad.
- BUse the reactions of others to interpret an ambiguous stimulus or situation.
- CHide one's own true inner feelings.
- DUnderstand that others' feelings differ from your own.
77Which of these is NOT among the several methods for studying infants’ sensation / perception?
- AHabituation / dishabituation.
- BHigh-amplitude sucking.
- CDeferred imitation.
- DEvoked potentials.
78Sandra’s mum has no time to look into a mirror. Which flaws is 6-month-old Sandra LEAST likely to notice?
- AVery smudged eye shadow.
- BA big bruise on mum's nose.
- CA piece of pasta hanging off mum's chin.
- DA crow's nest in mum's hair.
79As little Benny masters object permanence, which behaviour represents the most advanced understanding?
- APassively waiting for an object to reappear.
- BAnticipating invisible displacements.
- CMaking an A-not-B error.
- DLooking at another toy as the first one disappears from view.
80Ceri’s dad is upset and cries. Ceri gives her teddy to dad to hold, and tells dad he will feel better if he hugs that teddy. According to Piaget, Ceri is showing
- AEgocentrism.
- BDecentered emotionality.
- CSympathetic empathic concern.
- DAnimism.
81Reasoning by verbal analogy, Piaget’s view is to Vygotsky’s view as is to
- AEgocentrism / other's viewpoint.
- BAdolescence / childhood.
- CFlexibility / rigidity.
- DSolitary / social.
82For Vygotsky, private speech is
- AMeaningless babbling.
- BEntirely silent and cannot be heard by others.
- CPassive reporting on thoughts after they have happened.
- DSelf-talk that helps children to plan their thoughts.
83A basic definition of imitation is
- ADoing an action after seeing it done.
- BRepeating an action after getting reinforcement.
- CVarying a response to achieve reinforcement.
- DRepeating an action.
84Generalised imitation, a higher-order skill investigated by researchers in Bangor and other behaviour analysts, denotes an
- AAbility to copy actions.
- BAbility to copy a variety of actions.
- CAbility to copy a variety of novel actions.
- DAbility to copy a variety of novel actions without external reinforcement.
85A toddler is able to name many objects and events. He hears a familiar word /cat/. This makes him
- ALook to find a cat.
- BTry to pet the cat.
- CDo neither 1 or 2 but may echo the word 'cat'.
- DDo both 1 and 2 - and he may echo the word 'cat'.
86The set of emotions that are closely tied to cognitive development, particularly self-recognition and an understanding of social norms is
- AInterest, distress, disgust, and contentment.
- BAnger, surprise, fear, and sadness.
- CEmbarrassment, shame, guilt, and pride.
- DJoy, happiness, frustration, and boredom.
87Belinda is 8 months old. She turns away and starts crying when a stranger approaches her pram in the supermarket. This reaction would
- ABe unusual in a child at that age.
- BBe evidence that Belinda was insecurely attached.
- CBe considered a typical response to a stranger for a child of that age (but not necessarily a universal response).
- DSimply indicate that Belinda is tired or hungry.
88Emotional attachments between parent and child
- AAre the result of cultural effects of parenting in the Western countries.
- BSlowly rise from social interactions in the first months.
- CEmerge suddenly at birth, to the strongest level.
- DResult from both persons' shared genetic relationship.
89Mary Ainsworth's (1978) "Strange Situation”
- AIdentifies the child's level of visual imagination.
- BProvides training for the transition into foster care.
- CMeasures the child's interest in novel unfamiliar items.
- DAssesses the child's attachment style.
90The two common fears of infancy, separation anxiety and stranger anxiety, reflect the baby's preference for
- AEasy temperament.
- BFamiliarity.
- CSocial referencing.
- DLearned helplessness.
91Training to improve the sensitivity of parents to their child’s needs
- AIs doomed to fail because caregiving is genetically predetermined.
- BWorks and promotes secure attachment.
- CIs directed mainly to upper parents.
- DYields temporary gains that are lost within weeks.
92Sam, age five, turns away from the TV that shows a report of an earthquake, where people are hurt. Sam is likely to be feeling
- ASelf-oriented distress.
- BSympathetic empathetic arousal.
- CA hostile attribution bias.
- DLearned helplessness.
93Finnish school-based KiVa programme does NOT contain
- AAn online game training emotion recognition.
- BClassroom activities that teach children to be helpful bystanders.
- CPsychological counselling to make bullied children less vulnerable.
- DParental educational materials.
94Bangor-made Food Dudes programmes are effective interventions that increase consumption of fruit and veg. They are usually delivered by
- AParents.
- BResearchers.
- CChildren.
- DTeachers.
95Which of these is NOT among Piaget's four cognitive developmental stages?
- AFormal operations stage.
- BPreoperational stage.
- CProximal zone stage.
- DSensorimotor stage.
Información
- Descripción
- Test sobre Developmental Quiz, creado por Benjamin Maier el 15/05/2017.
- Autor
- Benjamin Maier
- Idioma
- Deutsch
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