Fichas
Biochemical abnormalities
Fichas del conjunto (21)
- 1Hypernatraemia (> 145mmol/l) Causes- Water depletion
- Na intake
- Renal failure - 2Clinical signs (> Na+)- Decreased bp or increased if salt intake
- Less urine
- Dry mucous membranes
- decreased skin turgor in severe dehydratiion - 3Treatment (> Na+)- Oral water
- IV 5% dextrose - 4Hyponatraemia via water retention (< 135mmol/l) Oedematous effectsHeart failure?
Decrease in effective blood volume
Aldosterone and ADH secreted
SALT and water retained - 5Treatment (< Na+ odoema)diuretic and restrict fluid + treat condition.
- 6Non-oedematious causes and effects (< Na+)ADH released all the time (infection),
Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis (SIAD).
excess water reabsorbed by kidney
If occurs over long period of time – body adapts - 7Treatment (< Na+ non-oedoema)Restrict fluid intake
- 8Hyponatraemia via Na loas (< 135mmol/l) Causes- vomiting and diarrhoea
- Lack of Na intake
- Lack of aldosterone (Na in urine) - 9Clinical signs (< Na+ loss)- Tachycardia: (high bpm)
- Hypotension (low blood pressure) - 10Treatment (< Na+ loss)Oral correction of Na
- 11Hyperkalaemia (> 4.9mmol/l) causesrenal failure or K+ release from damaged cells.
- 12Effects (> K+)Can lead to cardiac arrest
- 13Treatment (> K+)Calcium gluconate,
Insulin + glucose,
Dialysis - 14Hypokalaemia (< 3.4mmol/l) causesVomiting, diarrhoea, diuretics
- 15Clinical signs (< K+)Weak, cardiac arrythmias
- 16Treatment (< K+)Oral or IV potassium (slowly with ECG monitoring).
- 17Acute renal failure (anuric or oliguric < 400ml/day) causes- Reversible
Pre-renal – blood supply to kidney failure
Renal – damage to kidney tissue
Post-renal –Obstruction blocks urinary drainage - 18Biochemical findings (ARF)Concentrated urine
Serum urea and creatinine increase
Hyperkalaemia -nephron can’t excrete K when GFR decreases. - 19Treatment (ARF))treat underlying disease; dialysis if severe
- 20Chronic renal failure (slow onset, irreversible) Biochemical findingaHyperkalaemia -nephron can’t excrete K when GFR decreases. Danger
Serum urea and creatinine high - 21Management (CRF)sodium restriction
diuretics
dietary restriction of protein
Información
- Descripción
- BIOL 133: Biomedical science in practice Fichas sobre Biochemical abnormalities, creado por Jumael Zafar el 19/01/2019.
- Creado por
- Jumael Zafar
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