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Computer hardware and software

Althea Baptiste Inglés 68 fichas

Computer hardware and software

Fichas del conjunto (68)

  1. 1A network is a set of connected computer and devices to allow the sharing of resources and data.A network is a set of connected computer and devices to allow the sharing of resources and data.A network is a set of connected computer and devices to allow the sharing of resources and data.
  2. 2Networks can be classified by: SCALE:THE SIZE AND REACH OF THE NETWORK
    E.G. PAN
    LAN
    CAN
    MAN
    WAN
  3. 3L A N LOCAL AREA NETWORKA NETWORK COVERING A SMALL GEOGRAPHIC AREA LIKE A HOME, OFFICE OR BUILDING
  4. 4WAN WIDE AREA NETWORKIS A DATA COMMUNICATIONS THAT COVERS A BROAD GEOGRAPHIC AREA e.g
    one city to another and one country to another
  5. 5Backupa duplicate of a file,
    program
    or disk that can be used if the original is lost,
    damaged
    or destroyed
  6. 6to back up a file meansMEANS TO make a copy of it
  7. 7information theftoccurs when someone steals personal or confidential information
  8. 8ENCRYPTIONis a process of converting readable data into unreadable charters to prevent unauthorized access
  9. 9unauthorized accessis the use of a computer or network without permission
  10. 10unauthorized useis the use of a computer or its data for unapproved or possibly illegal activites
  11. 11Computer virusaffects a computer negatively by altering the way the computer works
  12. 12wormcopies itself repeatedly,
    using up resources
    and possibly
    shutting down the computer or network
  13. 13Trojan horseA malicious program that hides within or looks like a legitimate program
  14. 14ROOT KITProgram that hides in a computer and allows someone from a remote location to take full control
  15. 15COMPUTER SECURITY RISKIs any event or action
    that could cause
    a loss of a damage to computer
    hardware, software,data
    information
    or processing capability
  16. 16CYBER CRIMEIS AN ONLINE OR INTERNET BASED ILLEGAL ACT
  17. 17SECONDARY STORAGEnon-volatile storage that is external to the main memory of a computer.
    it IS PERMANENT
    IT COST CHEAPER
    CAPACITY IS BIG
    IT HAS SPEED
    All our files are stored in secondary storage
  18. 18STORAGE MEDIUMis the physical material on which a computer keeps data, instructions, and information
    E.g. CDs, DVDs, hard drives
    Magnetic disks
  19. 19Capacityis the number of bytes
    a storage medium can hold
  20. 20storage deviceis the computer hardware
    that records and/or retrieves items
    to and from storage media
  21. 21Why use Secondary Storage?1) Any time we want to keep something
    permanently
    2) It is good for backing up your files.
  22. 22Hard DiskiT consists of more than one magnetic disk in what is referred to as a disk platter,
    which is arranged one on top the other connected and rotate via a central spindle.
  23. 23Cylinder conceptthe same location on each plate where the top and bottom is filled before it continues to another
  24. 24FormattingIt is the process of dividing the disk into tracks and sectors
    so that the operating system can store and locate data and information on the disk
  25. 25Fixed Hard Drivehard-drive built into the case of a computer is known as ‘fixed’.
    Almost every computer has a fixed hard-drive.
  26. 26Portable Hard DrivePortable hard-drives allow very large amounts of data to be transported from computer to computer.
  27. 27RAID redundant array of independent disksis a group of two or more integrated hard disks
  28. 28network attached storage (NAS)A network attached storage device
    is a server connected to a network with the sole purpose of providing storage
  29. 29Access Time Access time = Rotational Delay + Seek TimeThe time taken to access a record on the disk is determined by the Seek Time – i.e., the time taken for the head to move to the specified track) .
    The Rotational Delay Time (i.e., the time taken for the correct sector to come under the read/write head.
  30. 30optical discIt consists of a flat, round, portable disc made of metal, plastic, and lacquer that is written and read by a laser
    Typically store software, data, digital photos, movies, and music
    Read only vs. rewritable
    E.g. CD, CD-RW, DVD etc
  31. 31Optical Discsthree main types of optical media: CD, DVD, and Blu-ray disc.
    A CD drive can only read CD discs, a DVD drive can only read DVD and CD discs, and Blu-ray can read CD, DVD, and Blu-ray discs.
  32. 32CD-ROMIt can be read from but not written to
    Read from a CD-ROM drive or CD-ROM player
  33. 33CD-RIt is a multi session optical disc on which users can write, but not erase
  34. 34CD-RWIt is an erasable multi session disc
    Must have a * drive
  35. 35magnetic tapeThere are various types of *.
    They include:- Reel, Cartridge, and Cassette.
  36. 36Magnetic Tapeis a data storage medium consisting of a magnetisable oxide (Iron Oxide) coating on a thin plastic strip, commonly used for backup and archiving.
  37. 37Magnetic tape is a large capacity,It is a large capacity, serial access medium. Because it is a serial access medium, accessing individual files on a tape is slow.
  38. 38Types of Access Sequential AccessIt- Refers to reading or writing data records in sequential order, that is, one record after the other. To read record 10, for example, you would first need to read records 1 through 9.
  39. 39Types of Access: Random AccessThey are – records can be read and written in any order
  40. 40Types of Access Devices can also be classified as sequential access or random accessAn example, a tape drive is a sequential-access device because to get to point q on the tape, the drive needs to pass through points a through p.
    disk drive, on the other hand, is a random-access device because the drive can access any point on the disk without passing through all intervening points.
  41. 41Advantages of a Network:Advantages of a Network:
    Facilitating communications
    Sharing hardware
    Sharing software
    Sharing data and information
  42. 42Networks may be classified by* may be classified by
    1) Scale
    2) Connection method
    3) Network topology
    4) Network architecture
    5) Standards and Protocol
  43. 43SCALE: Personal Area Network (PAN)It is a computer network used for communication among computer devices close to one person. Some examples of devices that may be used in a PAN are printers, fax machines, telephones,
  44. 44SCALE; Local Area Network (LAN)A network covering a small geographic area, like a home, office, or building.
  45. 45scale: Campus Area Network (CAN)A network that connects two or more LANs but that is limited to a specific and contiguous geographical area such as a college campus, industrial complex, or a military base
  46. 46scale: Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)a network that connects two or more Local Area Networks or Campus Area Networks together but does not extend beyond the boundaries of the immediate town, city, or metropolitan area.
  47. 47scale: Wide Area Network (WAN)is a data communications network that covers a relatively broad geographic area (i.e. one city to another and one country to another country) and that often uses transmission facilities provided by common carriers, such as telephone companies.
  48. 48Networks: collection methodsComputer networks can also be classified according to the hardware technology that is used to connect the individual devices in the network such as Optical fiber, Wireless, Coaxial, Ethernet, Radio Frequency, Microwave or Power line communication.
  49. 49EthernetsThey are used physical wiring to connect devices. Often, they employ the use of hubs, switches, bridges, and routers
  50. 50Network TopologyIt signifies the geographical layout or logical arrangement of devices on a network.
  51. 51Classification of Networks – Network TopologySome examples of types of *:
    Bus
    Star
    Ring
  52. 52Classification of Networks – Communication Standards & ProtocolEthernet
    Token ring
    TCP/IP
    Wi-Fi
    Blue tooth
    UWB
    IrDA
    RFID
    WiMAX
    WAP
  53. 53Classification of Networks – Communication Standards & Protocol TCP/ IP* is a network standard that defines how messages are routed from one end of a network to another.
  54. 54Computer communicationsIt describes a process in which two or more computers or devices transfer data, instructions, and information.
  55. 55A communications device isIt is any type of hardware capable of transmitting data, instructions, and information between a sending device and a receiving device
    A dial-up modem converts signals between analog and digital
    A digital modem sends and receives data and information to and from a digital line
    A wireless modem uses the cell phone network to connect to the Internet wirelessly from a notebook computer, a smart phone, or other mobile device
  56. 56Communications software consistsCommunications software consists of programs that:
    Help users establish a connection to another computer or network
    Manage the transmission of data, instructions, and information
    Provide an interface for users to communicate with one another
  57. 57bandwidthThe amount of data that can travel over a communications channel is called the *
  58. 58LatencyIt is the time it takes a signal to travel from one location to another on a network
  59. 59Transmission mediaIt carries one or more signals
  60. 60Broadband mediaIt transmit multiple signals simultaneously e.g
    DSL
  61. 61inter networkAny interconnection among or between public, private, commercial, industrial, or governmental networks may be defined as an *
  62. 62three variants of inter network,There are at least three variants of internetwork, depending on who administers and who participates in them:
    Intranet
    Extranet
    Internet
  63. 63Intranets and extranets may or may not have connections to the Internet.Intranets and extranets may or may not have connections to the Internet. If connected to the Internet, the intranet or extranet is normally protected from being accessed from the Internet without proper authorization. The Internet is not considered to be a part of the intranet or extranet, although it may serve as a portal for access to portions of an extranet.
  64. 64An intranetAn * is a set of interconnected networks, using the Internet Protocol and uses IP-based tools such as web browsers, that is under the control of a single administrative entity. That administrative entity closes the intranet to the rest of the world, and allows only specific users
  65. 65An extranet is a network or inter networkAn * is a network or internetwork that is limited in scope to a single organization or entity but which also has limited connections to the networks of one or more other usually, but not necessarily, trusted organizations or entities (e.g. a company's customers may be given access to some part of its intranet creating in this way an extranet, while at the same time the customers may not be considered 'trusted' from a security standpoint).
  66. 66InternetA specific internetwork , consisting of a worldwide interconnection of governmental, academic, public, and private networks.
    It is also home to the World Wide Web (WWW) and referred to as the 'Internet' with a capital 'I' to distinguish it from other generic internetworks.
  67. 67Classification of Networks: EthernetIt is a network standard that specifies no computer controls when data can be transmitted.
  68. 68Classification of Networks: Standards and Communication Token RingThe * standard specifies that computers and devices on the network share or pass a special signal (token)

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Fichas sobre Computer hardware and software, creado por Althea Baptiste el 24/11/2014.
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Althea Baptiste
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