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Respiratory System - Nasal Cavity
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- 1What is the function of the respiratory system?Allows animals to move oxygen into body tissues and remove carbon dioxide from cells
- 2Why is oxygen necessary?Required for cellular respiration
- 3What is carbon dioxide?Waste product of cellular respiration
- 4What are the 2 divisions of the respiratory system?1. Conducting portion
2. Respiratory portion - 5What are the components of the conducting portion?Nasal cavities, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, terminal bronchioles
- 6What is the function of the conducting portion?To conduct and condition the inspired air before it reaches the lungs
- 7What are the components of the respiratory portion?Respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveoli
- 8What is the main function of the respiratory portion?To perform gaseous exchange
- 9The nasal cavity consists of what 3 divisions?The vestibular region, the respiratory region, and the olfactory region
- 10The respiratory region and the olfactory region of the nasal cavity comprise the ___ ___Nasal fossa
- 11Anterior portion of the nasal cavity; forms a true entrance into the respiratory system; highly pigmented, thickened stratified squamous epithelial liningVestibular region
- 12Lies within the nasal septumNasal fossa
- 13Main function of the nasal fossaTo condition inspired air
- 14What does “conditioning” inspired air consist of?Cleansing, moistening, and warming of the air
- 15The respiratory epithelium of the nasal fossa cleanse inspired air by...Trapping particles such as dust and pollen
- 16The goblet cells and sero-mucus glands of the nasal fossa ... the inspired airMoisten
- 17The venous plexus of the nasal fossa ... the inspired airWarms
- 18Moves mucus and trapped particles from the nasal cavity to the pharynxCilia
- 19Create turbulence in the inspired air to trap small particulates in mucusNasal concha
- 20Respiratory region contains ___ epithelium that function to trap particles from the passing airRespiratory
- 21What are the 4 respiratory epithelium cell typesPseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium, goblet cells, basal cells, and brush cells
- 22Function of basal cellsSource of replacement for ciliated and goblet cells
- 23Function of ciliated cellsBeating of cilia sweeps mucus containing inhaled particles towards the pharynx for swallowing
- 24Function of goblet cellsSecrete mucus which moistens the epithelial surface and adheres to inhaled particles
- 25Refers to lamina propria CT with increased numbers of blood vessels; contains mixed glandsCavernous stratum
- 26Function of cavernous stratumWarm the air; moisten the air
- 27Located in the dorso-caudal region of the nasal cavity; lined by olfactory epitheliumOlfactory region
- 28Function of the olfactory regionChemoreception
- 29Olfactory mucosa consists of thick ___ ___ epitheliumPseudostratified columnar
- 30The lamina propria of the olfactory mucosa contains ___ ____Bowman’s glands
- 31What is the purpose of the section from the Bowman’s glands?To “wash” chemoreceptor sites
- 32What are the 3 major olfactory epithelium cell types?Olfactory neurons, supporting (sustentacular) cells, and basal cells
- 33Specialized bipolar neurons that are activated when chemicals come in contact with olfactory vesiclesOlfactory neurons
- 34Provide physical support, nourishmentj, and electrical insulation to the olfactory neuronsSustentacular (supporting) cells
- 35Stem cells that help replace worn out olfactory and sustentacular cellsBasal cells
- 36Briefly describe the process of olfaction1. Molecules of an olfactant bind to membrane which modifies the plasma membrane’s charge characteristics and triggers and action potential.
2. Signal is routed via afferent nerve to pseudounipolar neuron in cranial nerve ganglia.
3. Relayed to brain’s olfactory lobe.
4. Signal integration takes place within the brain - 37Tubular structure located at the base of the nasal cavity; specialized for chemoreceptionVomeronasal organ
- 38Function of the vomeronasal organRelay information from pheromones to generate appropriate behavioral response
- 39The vomeronasal organ is positioned in a way to maximize air flow. Why?Increase sensitivity
- 40Vomeronasal neurons contain ___ (as opposed to cilia)Microvilli
- 41Vomeronasal organ: ___ ___ epitheliumPseudostratified columnar
- 42Components of the accessory olfactory systemVomeronasal organs, vomeronasal nerves, and accessory olfactory bulbs
- 43Respiratory epithelium is ___ than olfactory epitheliumThinner
- 44Functions of glands within the respiratory and olfactory regionsKeep surface moist and trap dust; “wash” chemoreceptor sites
- 45What disease process is the following describing? - nasal concha are destroyed - greenish exudate remaining - fungal hyphae can be foundFungal rhinitis (dog)
- 46Inherited condition in certain species of dogs; - cilia don’t function—> mucus builds up —> mucus plugging and inflammation of the nasal cavities, trachea, and airways —> chronic respiratory abnormalitiesPrimary ciliary dyskinesia
- 47- worldwide disease of pigs - atrophy of nasal conchae - bacterial etiology - can result in severe facial deformityAtrophic rhinitis
- 48With nasal adenocarcinoma, the cells have a ___ growth pattern histologicallyPapillary
- 49With nasal lymphoma, (histologically) the lamina propria is filled with ___Lymphocytes
- 50Flattened conical chamber through which air and food passPharynx
- 51The pharynx is divided partially by the soft palate into ___ and ___Nasopharynx; oropharynx
- 52Functions of the larynxBreathing, focalization, and protection of trachea against food aspiration
- 53Tubular shape of larynx maintained by ___ ___ and rings of ___Skeletal muscle; cartilage
- 542 Types of cartilage found in larynxHyaline and elastic
- 55Larynx is lined by ___ epithelium except surfaces of the ___ ___ and ___Respiratory;
Vocal folds; epiglottis - 56Epiglottis lined by ___ ___ epitheliumStratified squamous
- 57Flap of cartilage that gets depressed during swelling to cover the larynxEpiglottis
- 58Function of epiglottisKeep the food from entering the respiratory system
- 59Flaps of tissue composed predominantly of muscle and lined by stratified squamous epitheliumVocal folds
- 60Function of vocal foldsUsed for vocalization
- 61Irritation ___ mucus productionIncreases
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- Creado por Diamond Sapphire · 6 oct 2020
- Copiado por Diamond Sapphire · 7 oct 2020
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