Fichas
PUNCTUATION
Fichas del conjunto (18)
- 1END MARKS1.Use a period to end a declarative sentence or an imperative sentence.
2. Use a period to end and indirect question.
3. Use a period to end a polite request disguised as a question. - 2END MARKS4. Use a period to indicate an abbreviation.
5. Use a question mark to end an interrogative sentence.
6. Use an exclamation point an exclamtory sentence.
7. Use an exclamation point to end an imperative sentence strongly stated. - 3COMMA1. Use a comma and a coordinating conjunction to join two independent clauses.
2. Use a single comma to indicate that a word or words have been omitted, or to avoid possible misreading.
3. Use a pair of commas to indicate a nonessential element in a sentence. - 4COMMA4. Use a comma to set off introductory modifying phrases or clauses.
5. Use a comma to separate the parts od dates and addresses within sentences.
6. Use a comma after the salutation of a friendly letter. - 5SEMICOLON1.Use a semicolon betwwen independent clauses.
2. A semicolon may be used between independent clauses. even with a coordinating conjunction.
3. Use a semicolon between independent clauses joined by transitional words.
4. Use a semicolon between items in a series if the items themselves contain commas. - 6COLON1. Use a colon before listed items.
2. Use a colon to intriduce a statement or quotation that is formally announced.
3. Use a colon between independent clauses wen the second clause gives a fuller explanation of what is started in the first clause. - 7COLON4. Use a colon between the chapter and verse of a biblical reference.
5. Use a colon between the hour and the minute of a time reference.
6. Use a colon after the salutation of a business letter. - 8DASH1. Use a dash after a series of words or phrases that give details about the statement that is to follow.
2. Use a dash to indicate a break in faltering speech or an unfinished construction.
3. Use a pair of dashes to indicate parenthetical elements that are emphatic or that contain internal punctuation. - 9PARENTHESES1. Use parentheses to enclose brief confirmatory information.
2. Use parentheses to enclose confidential comments to the reader and supplementary or explanatory information added merely for clarity. - 10BRAKETS1 Use brackets to enclose editorial corrections, comments, or explanations in quoted matter.
2. Use brackets, when necessary, as parentheses within parentheses. - 11QUOTATION MARKS1. Use a quotation marls to enclose the exact words of a speaker.
2. Capitalize the first word of a direct quotation.
3. The exact words of a speaker should be set off from the rest of the sentence by using a comma.
4. Commas and periods always go inside the enclosing quotation marks.
5. Colons and semicolons always go outside the closing quotation marks. - 12QUOTATION MARK6. Question marks and exclamation points go inside the closing quotation arks when they apply to the quoted.
7. In writing conversation, begin a new paragraph each time the speaker changes.
8. Use single quotation marks for an element within a quotation that also requires quotation marks. - 13QUOTATION MARKJI
- 14ITALICS1. Italicize or underline the titles of books, magazines, newspapers, plays works of art, and the name of trains, ships, submarines, aircraft, and spacecraft.
2. Italicize word, letters, and numbers referred to as such.
3. Italicize foreign word and phrases that have not been accepted as English. - 15HYPHEN1.Use a hyphen if you must divide a word at the end of a line.
2. Use a hyphen in compound numbers from twenty-one through ninety-nine.
3. Use a hyphen in fractions used as adjectives. - 16HYPHEN4. Use a hyphen with the prefices all-, ex-, self-, and with the suffix-elect.
5. Use a hyphen with prefixes before a proper noun or proper adjectives.
6. Use a hyphen with most compound adjectives used before a noun. - 17APOSTROPHE1. Use an apostrophe to form the possessive case of nouns.
2. Use an apostrophe and s to form the possessive cause of indefinite pronouns. - 18APOSTROPHE3. Use an apostrophe to show that letters or numbers have been omitted from a word.
4. Use an apostrophe and s to form the plurals of letters, numbers, signs, and words used as a words.