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K101 Revision Notes

Rae Leigh Cawley OU Health & Social Revision Degree Inglés 59 fichas 1.184 visitas

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1Who is a carer?The Department for Health, 2000, says:
They spend significant proportion of their life providing support to a family member or friend who is ill, frail, disabled or has mental health or substance misuse problems
2What affects care relationships?Forbat, 2005, says:
Care is influenced by the state of a relationship before care began as well as the nature, choice, and extent of external support provided
3What is care?Tronto, 1993, says:
It repairs, supports, and/or maintains a person's physical, mental or emotional health and wellbeing including their dignity, spiritual health and social needs.
4What are the features of the sick role?Shillings, 2002, says:
-Being ill is not the sick person's fault
-They are obliged to be excused from normal daily living
-They should seek and comply with professional advice
5What is personalisation?The Community Care Act 1996:
Where service users direct their care and have choice, flexibility and control over their care funds
6What are the 7 stages of transition?Hopson, 1992, says
- Numbness
- Denial
- Depression
- Acceptance
- Testing
- Searching for meaning
- Internalisation
7What is assisted technology?World Health Organisation, 2014, says:
Devices and systems that allow people to perform, or increase the ease or safety of, tasks they could not previously do
8What are direct payments?Means-tested payments for service users to spend on services suitable to their needs
9What are the 4 Health and Social Care inspectorates ?England= Care Quality Commission
Scotland= Care Inspectorate
Wales= Care and Social Services Inspectorate
Northern Ireland= The Regulation and Quality Improvement Inspectorate
10What is a total institution?Goffman, 1968, says:
A place where people live and work separate from society following strict procedures that determine all aspects of their lives
11What are the 5 principles of care?-Supporting to maximise potential
-Having a voice and being heard
-Right to appropriate services
-Respect beliefs and preferences
-Respect privacy and confidentiality
12What is knowledge-based care?Lewis, 2001, says:
Evidence + practice wisdom + service user and carer experiences and wishes =
knowledge
13What are the 5 rules for handling personal information?The Health and Social Care Information Centre (HSCIE), 2013, says:
1) Confidential information should be treated respectfully
2) Information should only be shared if needed for safe/effective care
3) Information shared with a community should be anonymised
4) People's objections should be respected
5) Confidentially policies and procedures should be followed
14What are the benefits of enabling environments?They facilitate key aspects of everyday living and allow people with disabilities to make choices and have control
15How do institutions effect people?Barton , 1959, says they have:
-Apathy
-Lack of initiative
-Lack of interest in the outside world
-Submissiveness
-Resignation
16What are the 3 types of accommodation for people who cannot stay in their own homes?-Residential care homes
-Nursing homes
-Long-stay hospitals
17What causes institutionalisation?Barton, 1959, says:
-Loss of contact with friends and family
-Loss of possessions and personal effects
-Having nothing to do
-Poor environment and furniture
-Staff bossiness
-Lack of prospects
-Sedation drugs
18What are the characteristics of total institutional?Goffman, 1968, says:
-Inmate role
-Batch living
-Binary management
-Institutional perspective
19What is the inmate role?Where people are stripped of their previous identities and lives and new ones imposed on them by the institution
20What is person-centred care?An approach that considers a person's needs as a whole- including their physical, social and psychological need
21What are the 9 types of abuse?Physical
Financial
Sexual
Emotional
Discriminatory
Neglect
Acts of Omission
Psychological
Material
22What are the 4 types of accountability?Professional
Personal
Employee
Real
23What are the 4 eligibility levels for social care funding?Fair Access to Care Assessment:
- Critical risk- immediate risk to independence and safety
- Substantial risk- significant risk to independence and safety
-Moderate risk- some risk to independence
-Low risk- no risk to independence
24How do people being cared for by their family feel?They are a burden
They are afraid of the future/ being put into a care home
They feel isolated
They have fewer choices
25What are attitudinal barriers?The views that people without disabilities have about what people with disabilities can and cannot do, which may be internalised by them creating further barriers
26What is batch living?Where people are all treated equally not as individuals and have little freedom to be otherwise
27What is the sick role?Talcott Parsons, says:
when people accept you are ill, they make allowances for you but you must behave in a certain way in order to recover
28For what reasons do local authorities provide people with social care?-Mental, emotional and physical wellbeing
-Exercising their right to choice and control
-Personal dignity and respect
-Quality of life
-Making a positive contribution
-Economic wellbeing
29What are environmental barriers?The design and layout of buildings and communities that constrain people
30What is abuse and how does it happen?Gaylard, 2011, says:
-Negligent, ignorant or deliberate acts
-Single or repeated acts
-Significant harm or exploitation
-Human/ civil rights violations
31What are the psychological characteristics of care environments?What places mean to people and how they make them feel including feeling comfortable and cared for
32What are the negatives about protocols and guidelines?-Deskills workforce
-Developed to prevent litigation
-Restricts professional judgements and flexibility
-Makes care less individualised
33What are structural barriers?Society's cultures and ideologies as well as legal and moral frameworks that shape people with disabilities' experiences
34How can organisations make care safer?By ensuring staff are:
-Properly training and made accountable
-Have the right information
-Offer care that works, not harms
-Understand policies and procedures
-Understand confidentiality and information sharing
-Are supported and monitored
35What are the drawbacks of paperwork?Warmington et al, 2014, says:
-It's designed to prevent litigation
-It takes too much time so carers are torn between it and caring for people
-It prevents carers developing real relationships with people
36What are the advantages of electronic record keeping?-Improved patient access to records and the relationship with care provider
-Being on the internet minimises opportunities for records being lost
-Patients have more choice and control on their treatment
-Patients can get same treatment away from home
-Easier to make practitioners accountable through equal access
37What are the limitations of evidence-based care?-What is best may not be best for everyone
-What is best may not be acceptable to everyone
-Missing evidence
-EBC rarely empowers service users
-EBC devalues practitioners skills and experiences
-EBC changes often so is hard to stay up to date with
38What are the physical characteristics of care environments?The design and structural features including what they look like, whether they are open-plan and have private spaces
39What is explicit consent?When a person knows what they are agreeing to and have given their consent to it
40How do people depersonalise others?Lee Trewick, 1994 says
-Not acknowledging them when entering/leaving their premises
-Talking about them as if they're not there
-Restraining them, telling them off, punishing them and making fun of them
-Ignoring their spatial rights and handling them without permission
41What is implied consent?When a person has not actually agreed to information being shared but their behaviour says they know it will be and agree to it
42What are the benefits of evidence-based care?-Practices are based on what is likely to work not outdated methods
-Carers can stay current and not have to rely on previous training
-Expert summaries help carers with time constraints
-Gives explanations for service users if they're unwilling to trust practitioner knowledge
43What are the benefits of good record keeping?-Helps carers remember past actions or future plans
-Prevents service users histories being forgotten
-Informs service users what service they are receiving and what has happened to them
44What are the social characteristics of care environments?How places are used, organised by and for people including the roles of different people i.e. staff and visitors and how well they can interact
45What are the health and safety risks for care practitioners?Health & Safety Executive, 2014, says:
-slips, trips, and falls from uneven surfaces and poorly lit areas and trailing cables
-musculoskeletal disorders i.e. sprains and strains from lifting and carrying or repetitive movements
-stress from too much work, conflicting demands, work pressure
46What are the disadvantages of electronic records?-Securing breaches from hackers
-System breakdown can loose data or make it unavailable when needed
-expensive to set up and train staff
-takes time to convert paper records
-easier access can make people more anxious about their condition
47How can transitions be made more positive?Petch, 2009, says:
-Being involved in decision making process
-Visiting place
-Giving information incl. photographs to review options
-Taking personal effects and recreating their lives in new setting
-Discuss financial control
-Being supported during transition
-Considering cultural needs
48What is the biopsychosocial model of illness?When care is provided that considers the physical, social and psychological aspects of the illness
49What is the institutional perspective?How staff and inmates experience and understand their lives through activities and experiences that have created their sense of community
50How do people adjust to institutional life?-By fighting back/ becoming rebellious
-By isolating themselves or becoming socially withdrawn
-By pretending to follow the rules
-By accepting people's views of them
51What is binary management?Where staff and inmates are controlled and separated by different rules so are suspicious of each other, with staff feeling superior and inmates inferior
52What are barriers to communication?-Attitudes towards people i.e. stereotypes
-Physical barriers i.e. counters
-Emotional barriers i.e. stress
-Cultural & language barriers
53What are the criteria for claiming Carer's Allowance?Care must be 35+ hrs per week
Person being cared for must be a UK resident, and, be 65+ with attendance allowance or have substantial needs
Person doing the caring must be 16+ and not a student
54Why is it difficult to identify carers?-Caring 'creeps up' on people
-It is often hidden from other people
-People resist the label of being 'a carer' or 'a person being cared for'
-Measuring the amount of care given is hard if needs fluctuate or more than one person provides care
55What is the biomedical model of illness?When people compare the body to a machine to be fixed when something has gone wrong
56How has care changed?Biomedical to Biopsychosocial
Medical - Social Model
Poverty to Plenty (diseases)
Physical to Psychological (illnesses)
Technology gives equal access
57What are the benefits of direct payments?-Person being cared for has choice and control on who cares for them
-Instructions do not need to be repeated each visit
-Carers have move empathy and understanding of needs
-Visit times can be easily changed to suit both parties
58How do people move into health & social care settings?-Daily i.e. Day centres
-Occasionally i.e. Respite care
-Short-term i.e. Foster care (time-limited)
-Long-term i.e. Care home
59What is confidentiality and when can it be breached?Sensitive information that has not been made public and the person gave the information in a setting where they did not expect it to be passed on
Breach = if to prevent harm or if the information is demanded by a court of law