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Dental public health IV (100 Flash cards)

ACAPUN INSTITUTE Flashcards: Dental public health Praxis Español 100 fichas

Dental public health IV (100 Flash cards)

Fichas del conjunto (100)

  1. 1Vaccines at birth to 11 yearsBirth- HEP B
    2/3 months- DTAP, POLIO
    6 months- INFLUENZA
    12-15 months- MMR, VARICELLA (chickenpox)
    24 months- HEP A
    11+ years- HPV    Vaccines at birth to 11 years
  2. 22 types of epidemiological studiesDescriptive
    Analytical    2 types of epidemiological studies
  3. 32 types of analytical studiesExperimental
    Observational    2 types of analytical studies
  4. 42 types of experimental studiesClinical trial
    Community study    2 types of experimental studies
  5. 52 types of observational studiesCohort
    Case control    2 types of observational studies
  6. 65 A's of evidence based dentistryAsk
    Acquire
    Appraise
    Apply
    Assess    5 A's of evidence based dentistry
  7. 7PICO Clinical Question?Population
    Intervention
    Comparison
    Outcome    PICO Clinical Question?
  8. 85 types of biasConfirmation- to fit own belief
    Confounding- outside factors
    Selection- study population not true representative
    Information/measurement- distortion
    Reporting- wrong hypothesis publication    5 types of bias
  9. 9Dental Fluorosis IndexNormal
    Questionable- white flecks
    Very mild- <25% of tooth surface (SNOW CAPPING)
    Mild- 25-50%
    Moderate- >50%
    Severe    Dental Fluorosis Index
  10. 10Define Patient-Centered Care *will be on test*Health care that establishes a partnership among practitioners, patients and their families to ensure that decisions respect patient's *wants*, *needs* and *preferences* and that patients have the education and support they need to make decisions and participate in their own care.
    Its' 1/6 fundamental aims of the US health care system.
    Provider role; clinical assessment, patient education, support/empowerment.    Define Patient-Centered Care *will be on test*
  11. 11Define a Paradigm- a pattern or model
    - could be compared to a window through which people see the world
    - fixed behavioral mindset    Define a Paradigm
  12. 12What are the classic models of communication?- LINEAR; a one way process
    - INTERACTIVE; provide info and receive response
    - TRANSACTION; multiple stage of two-way conversation    What are the classic models of communication?
  13. 13What is the preferred model of communication?- CONSTRUCTIVE model
    - Moving away from Transactive Model
    - Two-way process, however, the focus is not on the style of communication but about the *constructive result that effective communication brings*    What is the preferred model of communication?
  14. 14Define Interpersonal Communication *will be on the test*The exchange of information, feelings and meaning through verbal and non-verbal messages (usually face-to-face)
    *the primary form of communication in patient-centered care*    Define Interpersonal Communication *will be on the test*
  15. 15What are 5 communication myths?1. You must be right
    2. Communication will solve any problem
    3. More is always better
    4. Communication can break down
    5. Communication is inherently good    What are 5 communication myths?
  16. 16What are 9 channels of non-verbal communication?- Facial display - Use of smell
    - Eye behaviors - Use of space
    - Body movement - Physical appearance
    - Touch behaviors - Use of time
    - Use of artifacts    What are 9 channels of non-verbal communication?
  17. 17What are the 3 primary functions of facial behavior?1. Identity
    2. Attractiveness
    3. Emotion    What are the 3 primary functions of facial behavior?
  18. 18What non-verbal channel communicates more than any of the others?The FACEWhat non-verbal channel communicates more than any of the others?
  19. 19Describe eye behaviors.*The eyes communicate more than any other part of the face*
    Eye contact can connote; honesty, attraction, confidence, intimidation.    Describe eye behaviors.
  20. 20What are some examples of body movement communication?- Charlie Brown slouch
    - Hand gestures (point, give, chop, show)    What are some examples of body movement communication?
  21. 21What are 5 forms of meaning that touch conveys?1. Affection
    2. Caregiving
    3. Power and control
    4. Aggression
    5. Ritualistic - ex; the handshake    What are 5 forms of meaning that touch conveys?
  22. 22What 2 phenomena are affected by smell?1. Memories
    2. Sexual attraction    What 2 phenomena are affected by smell?
  23. 23What is the "halo effect"?Attributing positive qualities to physically attractive people.What is the "halo effect"?
  24. 24What is the self verification theory?People prefer those that resemble the person they want to be.What is the self verification theory?
  25. 25How is the use of time a non-verbal channel of communication?The way we use time (ex; being on time vs. being late) sends others messages of value and power.How is the use of time a non-verbal channel of communication?
  26. 26Describe non-verbal communication.- *Our primary form of communication. Over 70-90%*
    - Is always present
    - Harder to fabricate (subconscious)
    - Believed over verbal communication    Describe non-verbal communication.
  27. 27Describe verbal communication.- *The most recognized form of communication*
    - Approx. 10-30% of communication    Describe verbal communication.
  28. 28What are some components of verbal communication?- Speed
    - Volume
    - Tone
    - Breathing    What are some components of verbal communication?
  29. 29Define rapport.A close and harmonious relationship in which the people or groups concerned understand each other's feelings or ideas and communicate well.
    - Poor rapport with a patient can lead to inaccurate elicitation of med hx and chief complaints.    Define rapport.
  30. 30Describe empathic listening.The ability to get inside another person's frame of reference. You look through it, you see the world the way they see the world, you understand their paradigm, you understand how they feel.Describe empathic listening.
  31. 31—1. To learn - informational
    2. To evaluate - critical evaluation
    3. To comfort - empathic listening    1. To learn - informational 2. To evaluate - critical evaluation 3. To comfort - empathic listening
  32. 32What are 7 barriers to effective listening?- Pseudolistening
    - Selective listening
    - Informational overload
    - Glazing over
    - Rebuttal tendency
    - Closed-mindedness
    - Competitive interrupting    What are 7 barriers to effective listening?
  33. 33Define pseudolistening.Using feedback behaviors to give the false impression that you are listening.Define pseudolistening.
  34. 34Define selective listening.Listening only to the points you want to hear.Define selective listening.
  35. 35Define information overload.Being overwhelmed by the large amount of information you experience dailyDefine information overload.
  36. 36Define glazing over.Daydreaming while you should be listening.Define glazing over.
  37. 37Define rebuttal tendency.The propensity to argue inwardly with a speaker and formulate your responses prematurely.Define rebuttal tendency.
  38. 38Define closed-mindedness.Refusal to even listen to ideas with which you disagree.Define closed-mindedness.
  39. 39Define competitive interrupting.Interrupting others in order to control the conversation.Define competitive interrupting.
  40. 40What are 3 misconceptions about listening?1. Hearing is the same as listening
    2. Listening is natural and effortless
    3. All listeners experience the same thing    What are 3 misconceptions about listening?
  41. 41How do we elicit an accurate Chief Complaint and Medical Hx?- Establish rapport
    - Empathetic listening
    - Active listening; O.A.R.S    How do we elicit an accurate Chief Complaint and Medical Hx?
  42. 42What are 3 components of behavior change?1. Rapport
    2. Empathic listening
    3. Motivational interviewing    What are 3 components of behavior change?
  43. 43What is "O.A.R.S"?O; open-ended questions
    A; affirmation
    R; restating
    S; summarize/paraphrase    What is "O.A.R.S"?
  44. 44What are some keys to building rapport?- Smiling
    - Emotional contagion
    - Stereotype Content Model
    - Self-Verification Theory
    - Mere-Exposure Effect
    - Mirroring
    - Spontaneous trait transference
    - Triadic closure
    - Gain-loss Theory
    - Pratfall Effect
    - Self-disclosure
    - Reciprocity of liking
    - Pygmalion effect
    - Humor    What are some keys to building rapport?
  45. 45What is the Stereotype Content Model?People trust those and are more likely to mimic those they perceive as warm and competent.What is the Stereotype Content Model?
  46. 46What is the Mere-Exposure Effect?People prefer things that appear more familiar to them.What is the Mere-Exposure Effect?
  47. 47What is mirroring?The practice of conscious or unconscious mimicking of another to build rapport.
    Example; people who act different around their high school friends.    What is mirroring?
  48. 48What is spontaneous trait transference?People begin to associate adjectives you use about others with yourself. Example; if you complain about someone, the negativity is associated with you.What is spontaneous trait transference?
  49. 49What is traidic closure?People are more likely to trust and befriend their friends' friendsWhat is traidic closure?
  50. 50What is the Gain-Loss Theory?Comments make more of an impact the less you give them.What is the Gain-Loss Theory?
  51. 51What is the Pratfall Effect?People like competent people that will admit mistakes.What is the Pratfall Effect?
  52. 52Describe self-disclosure.*Very powerful technique for increasing relatedness*. People feel closer to those that have disclosed personal feelings.Describe self-disclosure.
  53. 53What is Reciprocity of Liking?People like those who they think are like them.What is Reciprocity of Liking?
  54. 54What is the Pygmalion Effect?People treat others in a way that models their expectations.What is the Pygmalion Effect?
  55. 55What are models of behavioral change?Models for understanding what motivates a person's change in behavior.What are models of behavioral change?
  56. 56Define conditioning.A process by which behavioral change is made as a result of introducing a stimulus for change.Define conditioning.
  57. 57What are some models of behavioral change?- Health Belief Model
    - Stages of Change Model
    - Social Cognitive Theory
    - Contemporary/Community Health Theory
    - ABC Behavior Theory    What are some models of behavioral change?
  58. 58Describe the Stages of Change Model.Used to predict if a person is ready to consider or make a change within their life. The belief that each change occurs in the following stages;
    - Pre-contemplation
    - Contemplation
    - Action
    - Maintenance    Describe the Stages of Change Model.
  59. 59Describe the Contemporary Community Health Model.Belief that the following community factors has a strong influence on ones behavior;
    - Social Awareness
    - Culture
    - Economics
    - Environment
    Used to enact political change to address the behavior of the public. Ex; water fluoridation and vaccinations.    Describe the Contemporary Community Health Model.
  60. 60Describe the ABC Behavior Theory.Belief that a learned behavior can be explained by;
    - A; antecedent
    - B; behavior
    - C; consequences - the result
    Often used as a behavioral strategy to change behavior. Ex; Patient's swollen gingiva influences him to floss.
    Can also explain bad behavior - ex; drug abuse provides pain relief etc.    Describe the ABC Behavior Theory.
  61. 61Describe Classical Conditioning/Pavlovian Conditioning.The practice of creating learned behavior through stimuli. A neutral stimuli attached to an unconditioned response forms a conditioned stimulus that elicits a conditioned response.Describe Classical Conditioning/Pavlovian Conditioning.
  62. 62Describe Operant Conditioning.Behavior is followed by a series of consequences that increase or decrease behavior.
    +ve reinforcement; ex, post-tx toys
    -ve reinforcement; ex, removal of handcuffs
    +ve punishment; ex, spanking
    -ve punishment; ex, grounded from TV    Describe Operant Conditioning.
  63. 63Describe Social Cognitive Theory.Belief that change is influenced by social environment and cognitive factors. Used to teach a behavioral change. These include;
    - Self efficacy
    - Behavioral modeling
    - Social reinforcement
    Ex; a dentist provides OHI to a patient who then models it back.    Describe Social Cognitive Theory.
  64. 64Describe the Health Belief Model.Belief that behavioral motivation is influenced by;
    - Perceived susceptability to a problem (internal vs. external LOC)
    - Severity of consequences
    - Perceived costs or benefits to change
    - Action stimuli/cues that prompt or remind them of the behavior
    Ex; a person is more like to change their oral habits if they believe they may develop periodontitis.    Describe the Health Belief Model.
  65. 65What are 5 pitfalls to behavioral change?- Being the expert
    - Interrogating
    - Blaming
    - Taking sides
    - Using communication terminators    What are 5 pitfalls to behavioral change?
  66. 66How can you reduce defensiveness?- Use provisional language rather than certain messages
    - Use descriptive language rather than judgmental/evaluative language
    - Avoid accusations and blame
    - Avoid -ve evaluative terms
    - Avoid "preaching"
    - Don't focus too much on your own way of seeing things    How can you reduce defensiveness?
  67. 67What are 3 fundamental techniques in handling people?1. Don't criticize, condemn or complain
    2. Give honest and sincere appreciation
    3. Arouse in the other person an eager want    What are 3 fundamental techniques in handling people?
  68. 68What is motivational interviewing?A process for recognizing and eliciting behavioral change that includes;
    - Measuring a person's readiness
    - Providing patient education
    - Empowering behavioral change    What is motivational interviewing?
  69. 69What are the components of "change talk"?- The readiness ruler
    - Confidence/evocative questions
    - Explore decision balance
    - Elaborative talk
    - Querying extremes
    - Looking back
    - Looking foward
    - Exploring values and goals
    - Using hypotheticals    What are the components of "change talk"?
  70. 70Describe R.E.D.S.R; roll with resistance - avoid arguing
    E; express empathy
    D; develop discrepency - helps pts seethe consequences of behavior compared to desired results
    S; support self-efficacy    Describe R.E.D.S.
  71. 71Describe P.A.C.E.P; partnership, work collaboratively
    A; acceptance of pt autonomy and beliefs
    C; compassion, do what is best for the pt
    E; evocation, most change comes from pt's own discovery    Describe P.A.C.E.
  72. 72What are some components of Professional Communication?- Begin with the positive
    - Provide objective feedback (vs. emotional)
    - Help others find the answer
    - Show praise & appreciation    What are some components of Professional Communication?
  73. 73Define "Culture".The customary beliefs, social norms, and material traits of a racial, religious or social group.Define "Culture".
  74. 74What is cultural competence?A social continuum of accepting, understanding, facilitating care for cultural differences. Ones culture capacity can range between destructiveness, blindness and competence.What is cultural competence?
  75. 75What are some cultural comparisons? *will be on the test*- Individualistic vs. Collectivist culture
    - High-Context vs. Low-Context culture
    - High-Power-Distance vs. Low-Power-Distance culture
    - Masculine vs. Feminine culture
    - Monochronic vs. Polychronic culture
    - Uncertainty-Avoiding vs. Uncertainty-Accepting culture    What are some cultural comparisons? *will be on the test*
  76. 76What is "cultural appropriation"?The adoption of part of one dominant culture by members of another. Primarily seen as exploitation rather than appreciation.What is "cultural appropriation"?
  77. 77Describe the culture of Western Medicine.- Meliorism; make it better
    - Dominance over nature
    - Activism; do something!
    - Timeliness; sooner than later
    - Therapeutic aggressiveness; stronger = better
    - Future orientation; newer = better
    - Standardization    Describe the culture of Western Medicine.
  78. 78How does non-western compare with western medicine? *see Describe the culture of Western Medicine flashcard*- Accept with grace
    - Balance/harmony with nature
    - Wait and see
    - Cautious deliberation
    - Gentle approach
    - Take life as it comes
    - Individualize/recognize differences    How does non-western compare with western medicine? *see Describe the culture of Western Medicine flashcard*
  79. 79What is micro-aggression?Commonplace inappropriate verbal or behavioral expression that conveys negative prejudicial slight towards another culture.What is micro-aggression?
  80. 80What are some ways to overcome caregiver/interpreter communication?- Establish platform for communication
    - Introduce everyone and define roles
    - Speak slowly and in short sentences
    - Pause for communication (interpreter only)
    - Speak directly to patient and not interpreter/caregiver
    - Practice paraphrasing to confirm understanding    What are some ways to overcome caregiver/interpreter communication?
  81. 81Summarize the patient exam in 4 steps.1. What did the patient tell you when they arrived?
    2. What information do you need to gather?
    3. What is your conclusion?
    4. What will you do about it?    Summarize the patient exam in 4 steps.
  82. 82What is the *#1* thing you must do when giving a verbal case presentation?Give the patient a voice by introducing them and an opportunity to express their own relevant chief complaints and concerns.What is the *#1* thing you must do when giving a verbal case presentation?
  83. 83What are the components of a SOAP Note?S: Subjective findings - info pt tells you
    O: Objective findings - info you discover
    A: Assessment - differential diagnosis
    P: Plan - treatment plan & PARQ
    *You cannot do a tx (P) without a diagnosis (A) and you cannot make a diagnosis, without objective findings (O)    What are the components of a SOAP Note?
  84. 84What are the benefits of a SOAP Note?- Begins with the patient's concerns (pt-centered)
    - Forces you to begin thinking like a diagnostician
    - A common form of inter-professional transferring communication
    - Ensures proper documentation (legality)    What are the benefits of a SOAP Note?
  85. 85What is the difference between a SOAP and a SBAR?SOAP;
    - For proper documentation
    - For initial case presentation
    SBAR;
    - For quick situational feedback
    - For inter-professional communication    What is the difference between a SOAP and a SBAR?
  86. 86What are the components of an SBARS; Situation - current reason you are calling
    B; Background - relevant findings
    A; Assessment - what you feel the problem is
    R; Recommendation - seek their guided advice    What are the components of an SBAR
  87. 87What are the 4 domains of emotional intelligence?- Self-awareness
    - Self-management
    - Social awareness
    - Relationship management    What are the 4 domains of emotional intelligence?
  88. 88What are the 5 principle codes of professional conduct?1. Patient autonomy (self-governance)
    2. Non-maleficence (do no harm)
    3. Beneficence (do good)
    4. Justice (fairness)
    5. Veracity (truthfulness)    What are the 5 principle codes of professional conduct?
  89. 89"Being aware of own strengths and limitations" relates to which emotional intelligence competency?Self-Awareness.
    (accurate self-assessment)    "Being aware of own strengths and limitations" relates to which emotional intelligence competency?
  90. 90"Having presence" relates to which emotional intelligence competency?Self-Awareness.
    (self-confidence)    "Having presence" relates to which emotional intelligence competency?
  91. 91"Knowing when to seek assistance" relates to which emotional intelligence competency?Self-Awareness.
    (accurate self-assessment)    "Knowing when to seek assistance" relates to which emotional intelligence competency?
  92. 92"Having confidence in job capability" relates to which emotional intelligence competency?Self-Awareness.
    (self-confidence)    "Having confidence in job capability" relates to which emotional intelligence competency?
  93. 93"Knowing when to seek assistance" relates to which emotional intelligence competency?Self-Awareness.
    (accurate self-assessment)    "Knowing when to seek assistance" relates to which emotional intelligence competency?
  94. 94"Having confidence in job capability" relates to which emotional intelligence competency?Self-Awareness.
    (self-confidence)    "Having confidence in job capability" relates to which emotional intelligence competency?
  95. 95"Displaying a self-assurance that is visible to others" relates to which emotional intelligence competency?Self-Awareness.
    (self-confidence)    "Displaying a self-assurance that is visible to others" relates to which emotional intelligence competency?
  96. 96"Welcoming honest, constructive criticism and being open to feedback" relates to which emotional intelligence competency?Self-Awareness.
    (accurate self-assessment)    "Welcoming honest, constructive criticism and being open to feedback" relates to which emotional intelligence competency?
  97. 97What is the definition of principle?A fundamental truth or proposition that serves as the foundation for a system of belief or behavior or for a chain of reasoning.What is the definition of principle?
  98. 98"Having a sense of humor about oneself" relates to which emotional intelligence competency?Self-Awareness.
    (accurate self-assessment)    "Having a sense of humor about oneself" relates to which emotional intelligence competency?
  99. 99"Displaying emotional insight" relates to which emotional intelligence competency?Self-Awareness.
    (emotional self-awareness)    "Displaying emotional insight" relates to which emotional intelligence competency?
  100. 100"Recognizing the effects of one's feelings and behavior" relates to which emotional intelligence competency?Self-Awareness.
    (emotional self-awareness)    "Recognizing the effects of one's feelings and behavior" relates to which emotional intelligence competency?

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Praxis Flashcards: Dental public health Fichas sobre Dental public health IV (100 Flash cards) , creado por ACAPUN INSTITUTE el 04/08/2021.
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