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hace más de 10 años
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Pregunta | Respuesta |
Magee and Galinsky | High powered people draw self oriented E's on their forehead. |
Formal hierarchy | Explicit roles that vary by rank order. It is legitimate. |
Informal hierarchy | Rank ordering of individuals that develops organically. No clear social roles. |
Social power | Control over valued resources in social relations. |
Social status | Extent to which an individual is respected. |
Attention and power | We give more attention to higher ranked individuals. |
Hierarchical differentiation | The process through which individuals are sorted into ranked positions. |
Differentiation in formal hierarchies | Individuals can enter and leave the hierarchy or progress through the ranks. |
Differentiation in informal hierarchies | Differentiation develops spontaneously and depends on which dimension is most important to the group. |
Differentiation based on personality | Task oriented hierarchy needs conscientiousness. Socially oriented needs extraversion. |
Differentiation based on group needs | Groups with little coordination tend towards assertive speaking styles vs. tentative. |
Social order | Hierarchy fulfills need for order and stability. |
Coordination | Provides clear lines of direction. When unclear = disorganized. |
Incentives | Hierarchies provide motivation for members. |
Power approach theory | High powered people focus on rewards, low power focus on threat/punishments. |
Power and social interaction | Power predicts speaking time and speaking out of turn. |
Power and social perception | High powered people have lower perceptive taking skills and emotion detection. |
Expectancy confirmation | Randomly assigned people to different positions, still thought managers were more competent. |
Social dominance orientation | Measure of individuals attitudes about hierarchy - want inequality. |
External change | Can come from a newly dynamic environment or an external shock |
Fairness of resource allocation | Greater disparity between low and high ranking members - greater abandonment of hierarchy. |
Reciprocity norm | People want to associate with higher status individuals, if not reciprocated, they don't give them anymore attention. |
Status leakage | High status people lose status when seen associating with low power individuals. |
Effects of instability | The instability of hierarchy predicts prolonged hormonal stress. |
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