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ch.7 anxiety disorders
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- 1anxiety disorderslifetime prevalence for this is 8-30%
- 2anxietymood state characterized by strong negative emotion and bodily symptoms of tension in which child anticipates future danger
- 3False. many children with anxiety disorders suffer from multiple at a timeYou can only be diagnosed with 1 anxiety disorder at once. True or False?
- 4neurotic paradoxin a situation where the child knows there's nothing to be afraid of, he/she still fears and tries to avoid the situation (it's very self-defeating)
- 5fight/flight responseimmediate reaction to perceived danger or threat, aim is to escape potential harm
- 6sympathetic nervous systemdanger is perceived or anticipated and sent to "this" system responsible for FIGHT/FLIGHT
- 7cognitive systemactivation of "this" system causes a subjective feeling of apprehension, nervousness, difficulty focusing and panic
- 8negative reinforcementavoidance behaviours provide "THIS" type of reinforcement
- 9fearimmediate alarm reaction to current danger or life-threatening emergencies
- 10panicgroup of physical symptoms of fight/flight response that unexpectedly occur in the absence of any obvious threat or danger
- 11girls"they" rate themselves as MORE fearful
- 12school-related fearsthese types of fears are stable
- 13rituals help children gain control and mastery over environment, makes world predictable and saferwhy rituals are so important to children with anxiety
- 14SAD (separation anxiety disorder)characterized by excessive worry regarding separation from home or parents
- 15GAD (generalized anxiety disorder)ongoing/excessive worry about many events and activities
- 16social phobia/ social anxiety disordersevere and unreasonable fear of being embarrassed or humiliated when doing stuff in front of others
- 17panic disorderrecurrent, unexpected and severe attacks of anxiety
- 18panic disorder with agoraphobiaexperience severe anxiety attacks AND avoid situations in which attacks have occurred
- 19acute stress disorderfollowing a traumatic event, youths display short-term symptoms of PTSD lasting less than a month
- 20separation anxiety disorderage inappropriate, disabling anxiety about being apart from parents, 4-10% of all children, more prevalent in GIRLS, age of onset 7-8 years old , school refusal behaviour
- 21school refusal behaviourrefusal to attend classes or difficulty remaining in school for an entire day, EQUALLY COMMON in boys/girls, 5-11 mostly, peaks in 2nd grade
- 22generalized anxiety disorderchronic or exaggerated worry and tension, relate every frightening event in media to themselves, 3-6% of all children, onset in late childhood, self-conscious, self-doubting, worried about meeting others' expectations, extremely high standards for their own performance, highly critical when they fall short, **uncontrollable nature of worry**
- 23specific phobiaextreme/disabling fear of PARTICULAR OBJECTS or SITUATIONS, really pose little to no danger, 4-10% of children have it, few referred for treatment, peaks at 10-13, onset at ANY AGE
- 24evolutionary theorythis theory explains why kids may develop specific phobias, suggests human infants biologically predisposed to learn certain fears alerting them to danger
- 25animal, natural, environment, blood-injection-injury, situational, other5 subtypes of specific phobias
- 26social phobia (social anxiety disorder)fear of being focus of attention or scrutiny, or doing stuff in public that will be embarrassing, 6-12% of children are affected, girls 2x more likely to be affected than boys, onset= post-puberty,
- 27selective mutismthis is displayed in kids with social anxiety disorder/social phobia, they fail to talk in specific social situations, even though they may speak loudly or frequently at home or in other settings,
- 28INCREASED hippocampal activation while they appraised how they thought the others would evaluate them, as age increased, neural activity INCREASED in females but stayed the same in malesSTUDY: how people with thought preferred peers would evaluate them
- 29obsessionpersistent, intrusive thought/impulse/idea/image
- 30sexual, somatic, religiouscommon obsessions in adults
- 31compulsionrepetitive, purposeful, intentional behaviour (hand washing)
- 32washing or bathing85% of cases are "this" type of compulsion
- 33OCDprevalence of this in children, adolescents and adults is 1-3%
- 34OCDage of onset of this disorder is 9-12 years old
- 35panic attacksudden and overwhelming period of intense fear or discomfort that is accompanied by 4 or MORE physical and cognitive symptoms characteristic of the fight/flight response
- 36panic disorderrecurrent unexpected attacks followed by at least 1 month of persistent concern about having another attack, worry about consequences, or severe change in behaviour relevant to attacks
- 37panic disorderonset for this disorder is LATE, 95% are post-pubertal, 15-19 years old
- 38depressionGAD, SAD and social phobia are more commonly associated with "this" than is specific phobia
- 39negative affectivitypersistent negative mood, reflected in nervousness, sadness, anger and guilt
- 40positive affectivitypersistent positive mood including states such as joy, enthusiasm, and energy
- 41classic psychoanalytic theoryanxieties and phobias are defenses against unconscious conflicts rooted in child's early upbringing, anxiety protect child agains unconscious wishes and drives
- 42behavioural and learning theoriesfears and anxieties were learned through classical conditioning, fears learned by association (ex. little Albert)
- 43Bowlby's theory of attachmentfearfulness in children is biologically rooted in the emotional attachment needed for survival, infants must be close to parents if their physical and emotional needs are to be met
- 44temperamentpsychological and physical reaction to novel or unexpected events differ due to a number of factors
- 455 times more likelychildren of parents with AD are "this" many times more likely to get AD
- 46hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis (HPA), limbic system (amygdala, hippocampus), ventrolateral prefrontal cortexthese 3 interrelated systems operate together to produce anxiety
- 47floodingexposure is carried out in prolonged and repeated doses until anxiety diminishes, typically combined with response prevention, prevents child from engaging in escape or avoidance behaviours
- 48CBTmost effective technique for treating phobias, teaches children to understand how thinking contributes to anxiety, and how to modify their thoughts to decrease symptoms
- 494 steps of FEAR learned in CBTf: feeling frightened? (recognize physical symptom), e: expecting bad things (recognize anxious cognitions), a: attitudes and actions that will help (coping self-talk), r: results and reward (evaluate performance and administer self-reward for effort)
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- (ch.7 anxiety disorders ) dev.psych Fichas sobre ch.7 anxiety disorders, creado por cassandra el 18/02/2014.
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- cassandra
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