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Chapter 1 Introduction: Evaluating Personality Theories
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- 1personality"In social speech, someone's public image." Definition varies based on theorists: Allport, Rogers, Freud, Sullivan. Whereas Skinner wouldn't even address personality.
p.2 - 2theory"set of abstract concepts developed about a group of facts or events in order to explain them" p.2
- 3macro theories"Theory that seeks to be global and that emphasizes comprehension of the whole person" p. 4
- 4micro theories"Theory that has resulted from specific research focused on limited aspects of human behavior." p. 4
- 5philosophical assumptions"An underlying view of the world that influences a person's thinking." p. 6
- 6philosophy"The systematic love and pursuit of wisdom" p.6
- 7freedom vs. determinismIndividuals basically have control over their behavior vs. internal and external forces control behavior with human have very little or no control. p. 8
- 8heredity vs. environmentinherited and inborn characteristics vs. the environment influences behavior p. 8
- 9uniqueness vs. universalityEach individual is very different vs more similarities across all individuals. p. 8
- 10proactivity vs. reactivityhumans take initiative vs humans are just reacting to the world around them p.8
- 11optimism vs. pessimismoptimistic view where individuals can change for the better as well as the world around them vs. a more negative sinister view of humans p.8
- 12epiphany"A manifestation of the essential nature of something". p. 8
- 13coherence"One of the criteria for judging philosophical statements: the quality or state of logical consistency" p.9
- 14relevance"One of the criteria for evaluating philosophical statements, the quality of having some bearing or being pertinent to one's view of reality" p. 9
- 15comprehensiveness"One of the criteria for evaluating philosophical statements: the quality of having a broad scope or range and depth of coverage" p. 10
- 16compellingness"One of the criteria for evaluating philosophical statements: the quality of appealing to someone with a driving force" p. 10
- 17paradigm"A model or concept of the world that is shared by the members of a community and that governs their activities" p. 12
- 18scientific statements"a statement about the world based on empirical observations arising from a currently held paradigm" p.12
- 19empirical"Based on experience and observation" p. 12
- 20objective data"data acquired through extrospection, the act of looking outward on the world as an object" p. 12
- 21subjective data"data acquired through introspection, the act of looking inward on the self as subject" p.12
- 22objective vs. subjective
- 23consensual validation"Agreement among observers about phenomena" p. 13
- 24generalization"A statement that may be made, when a number of different instances coincide, that something is true about many or all members of a certain class." p. 13
- 25scientific or empirical generalization"an inductive conclusion based on a number of different instances of observation" p. 13
- 26definitions"a statement that is true because of the way in which we have agreed to use words" p. 13
- 27operational definition"a definition that specifies those behaviors that are included in the concept" p. 13
- 28scientific constructs"an imaginary or hypothetical construct used to explain what is observed in science" p. 13
- 29trait"continuous dimensions that an individual can be seen to possess to a certain degree." p. 14
- 30self"Rogers-psychological processes that govern behavior; Bandura- conceived more narrowly in terms of cognitive structures" p. 14
- 31verifiability"capable of being tested by a method that ultimately relies on empirical observation" p. 14
- 32usefulness"In scientific theorizing, the ability of a hypothesis to generate predictions about experiences that we might observe." p. 15
- 33compatibility"a criterion for evaluating rival hypotheses; the agreement of the hypothesis with other previously well-established information" p. 15
- 34predictive power"a criterion for evaluating rival hypotheses; the range or scope of the hypothesis" p.15
- 35simplicity"A criterion for evaluating rival hypothesis: the quality of being simple and avoiding complicated explanations" p. 15
- 36assessment"Evaluation or measurement" p. 15
- 37validity"The quality of measuring what a construct is supposed to measure" p. 16
- 38reliability"The quality of consistently yielding the same results over time" p. 17
- 39reliability vs. validityhttp://highered.blogspot.com/2012/06/bad-reliability-part-two.html
- 40objectivity"The quality of recognizing or expressing reality without distortion by personal feeling. In test construction, construction of a test in such a way that it can be given and scored in a way that avoids the scorer's subjective bias" p. 17
- 41MMPIMinnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory- designed to measure tendencies toward pathology or abnormal behavior. p. 17
- 42TATThematic Apperception Test- in responding to the stimulus, the participant expresses personal attitudes, values, needs and feelings. p. 17
- 43psychotherapy"effort to apply the findings of personality theory in ways that will assist individuals and meet human goals." p. 19
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- Psychology- Human Personality Fichas sobre Chapter 1 Introduction: Evaluating Personality Theories, creado por Suzanne Markoe Hayes el 08/01/2017.
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