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Types of Dysarthria
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- 1Flaccid Dysarthria - What causes it?Caused by injury or disease of one or more of the cranial or spinal nerves.
- Problems in the nuclei, axons, or NMJ that make up the motor units of the final common pathway.
(Duffy, J.R., 2013) - 2Flaccid Dysarthria - What does it look like?Deviant speech characteristics can be traced to muscle weakness, and reduced muscle tone, and their effects on:
- Speed, range, and accuracy of speech movements - 3Flaccid Dysarthria - What is affected?- Sometimes reflects involvement of one muscle group (Eg. Tongue), or subsystem (Eg. phonatory, articulatory).
- Can also reflect involvement of several muscle groups or subsystems
- Lesion between brainstem and spinal cord, and the muscles of speech.
-Difficulty with motor execution of tasks - 4Flaccid Dysarthrias - Clinical Characteristics- Reflexive, automatic, and voluntary movements are all affected.
- Why LMN is distinguishable from lesions to other parts of motor system
- Weakness, hypotonia (reduced muscle tone), diminished reflexes characterise flaccid paralysis. - 5Flaccid Dysarthrias -Weakness- Damage to any portion of the motor unity including cranial, and spinal nerve cell bodies in the brainstem or spinal cord.
- Can also result from muscle disease
- When damaged, motor units are inactivated and the muscles' ability to contract is lost or reduced.
When motor unit inactivates LMN input to a muscle, paralysis occurs.
Weakness can be observed:
- During single contractions
- During repetitive contractions
- During sustained contractions - 6Flaccid Dysarthrias -Hyptonia and Reduced ReflexesHypotonia:Floppiness of muscle and reduced resistance to passive movement. And reduced or absent normal reflexes.
- 7Flaccid Dysarthrias - AtrophyMuscle structure can be altered by FCP and muscle disease.
- Cranial or spinal nerve bodies, peripheral nerves or muscle fibres eventually lose bulk (associated with significant weakness). - 8Flaccid Dysarthrias - Fasciculations and FibrillationsFasciculations are visible, arrhythmic, isolated twitches in resting muscle
Fibrillations are invisible, spontaneous independent contractions of individual muscle fibers that reflect slow repetitive action potentials. - 9Flaccid Dysarthrias - Progressive Weakness in useWhen disease effects NMJ, rapid weakening of muscle with use and recovery in rest can occur.
Fatigue is common in people with any type of weakness.
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- Fichas sobre Types of Dysarthria, creado por lauren.huntercal el 07/09/2014.
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